MONOCOTYLEDONAE Leucojum L. †L. aestivum L. Snowflake. ♦ ACORACEAE. The Sweet-flag Family. Lycoris Herb. Acorus L. †L. radiata (L’Hér.) Herb. Red spider lily. *A. calamus L. Sweet-flag. Narcissus L. Daffodil, jonquil. ♦ AGAVACEAE. The Agave Family. †N. poeticus L. Poet’s narcissus. †N. pseudonarcissus L. Daffodil. Manfreda Salisb. M. virginica (L.) Rose. False aloe. ♦ ARACEAE. The Arum Family.

Yucca L. Spanish-bayonet. Arisaema Mart. *Y. filamentosa L. Adam’s-needle. A. dracontium (L.) Schott. Green-dragon. *Y. flaccida Haw. Beargrass A. triphyllum (L.) Schott. Jack-in-the-pulpit. subsp. quinatum (Nutt.) Huttl. ♦ ALISMATACEAE. The Water-plantain Family. subsp. triphyllum subsp. stewardsonii (Britton) Huttl. Alisma L. Water-plantain. subsp. pusillum (Peck) Huttl. A. subcordatum Raf. Southern w.-p. Orontium L. Echinodorus Rich. Burhead. !O. aquaticum L. Goldenclub. !E. berteroi (Spreng.) Fassett. Tall b. E. cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Creeping b. Peltandra Raf. !E. tenellus (Mart.) Buchenau P. virginica (L.) Raf. ex Schott & Endl. Arrow-arum. var. parvulus (Engelm.) Fassett. Little b. ♦ ASPARAGACEAE. The Asparagus Family. Sagittaria L. Arrowhead. S. australis (J.G.Sm.) Small. Appalachian a. Asparagus L. S. brevirostra Mack. & Bush. Midwestern a. *A. officinalis L. Asparagus. !S. graminea Michx. Grass-leaved sagittaria. S. latifolia Willd. Common a. ♦ COMMELINACEAE. The Spiderwort Family. S. montevidensis Cham. & Schltd. subsp. calycina (Engelm.) Bogin. Mississippi a. Commelina L. Dayflower. !S. platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm. *C. communis L. Common d. !S. rigida Pursh. Sessile-fruited a. *C. diffusa Burm. f. Creeping d. C. erecta L. Erect d. ♦ ALLIACEAE. The Onion Family. var. angustifolia (Michx.) Fernald C. virginica L. Virginia d. Allium L. Onion. *A. ampeloprasum L. Wild leek. Murdannia Royle. A. burdickii (Hanes) A.G.Jones. Burdick’s wild leek. *M. keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. False dayflower. A. canadense L. Wild o. *A. cepa L. Cultivated o. Tradescantia L. Spiderwort. A. cernuum Roth. Nodding onion. T. ohiensis Raf. Smooth s. *A. oleraceum L. Field garlic. T. subaspera Ker Gawl. Wide-leaved s. *A. sativum L. Garlic. T. virginiana L. Virginia s. A. tricoccum Sol. Ramps, wild leek. *A. vineale L. Field garlic. ♦ CONVALLARIACEAE. Lily-of-the-valley Family.

Nothoscordum Kunth. Convallaria L. N. bivalve (L.) Britton. False garlic. *C. majalis L. European Lily-of-the-valley. !C. montana Raf. American Lily-of-the-valley. ♦ AMARYLLIDACEAE. The Amaryllis Family. Maianthemum F.H.Wigg. Hymenocallis Salisb. !M. canadense Desf. Canada mayflower. H. occidentalis (Le Conte) Kunth. Spider-lily. M. racemosum (L.) Link. False Solomon’s-seal.

!M. stellatum (L.) Link. Starry false Solomon’s-seal. var. debilis var. rudgei L.H.Bailey Polygonatum Mill. Solomon’s-seal. !C. decomposita Muhl. P. biflorum (Walter) Elliott. Smooth S.-s. C. digitalis Willd. P. pubescens (Willd.) Pursh. Hairy S.-s. var. digitalis var. macropoda Fernald ♦ CYPERACEAE. The Sedge Family. C. eburnea Boott. C. emoryi Dewey. Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla. C. festucacea Schkuhr. !B. fluviatilis (Torr.) Sojak. River bulrush. C. flaccosperma Dewey. C. frankii Kunth. Bulbostylis Kunth. !C. gigantea Rudge. B. capillaris (L.) C.B.Clarke. Densetuft hairsedge. C. glaucodea Tuck. C. gracilescens Steud. Carex L. Caric sedge. C. gracillima Schwein. C. abscondita Mack. C. granularis Muhl. ex Willd. !C. aestivalis M.A.Curtis. ex A.Gray. C. gravida L.H.Bailey. C. aggregata Mack. C. grayi J.Carey. !C. alata Torr. & A.Gray. C. grisea Wahlenb. C. albicans Willd. ex Spreng. C. gynandra Schwein. var. albicans. C. hirsutella Mack. C. albolutescens Schwein. C. hirtifolia Mack. C. albursina Sheld. C. hitchcockiana Dewey. C. amphibola Steud. C. hyalinolepis Steud. C. annectens (E.P.Bicknell) E.P.Bicknell. !C. hystericina Muhl. var. annectens C. intumescens Rudge. var. xanthocarpa (E.P.Bicknell) Wiegand C. jamesii Schwein. !C. appalachica J.M.Webber & P.W.Ball. !C. joorii L.H.Bailey. !C. atlantica L.H.Bailey. !C. juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins. subsp. atlantica C. kraliana Naczi & Bryson. subsp. capillacea (L.H. Bailey) Reznicek & P.W.Ball C. lacustris Willd. !C. austrocaroliniana L.H.Bailey. C. laevivaginata (Kük.) Mack. C. baileyi Britton. C. laxiculmis Schwein. C. blanda Dewey. var. laxiculmis C. brevior (Dewey) Mack. ex Lundell. var. copulata (L.H.Bailey) Fernald C. bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd. C. laxiflora Lam. subsp. bromoides. var. laxiflora C. bushii Mack. var. serrulata F.J.Herm. !C. buxbaumii Wahlenb. C. leavenworthii Dewey. C. careyana Torr. ex Dewey. C. leptalea Wahlenb. C. caroliniana Schwein. !C. leptonervia (Fernald) Fernald. C. cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd. C. longii Mack. C. cherokeensis Schwein. C. louisianica L.H.Bailey C. communis L.H.Bailey. C. lucorum Willd. !C. comosa Boott. C. lupuliformis Sartwell. ex Dewey. C. complanata Torr. & Hook. C. lupulina Muhl. ex Willd. C. conjuncta Boott. C. lurida Wahlenb. C. corrugata Fernald C. meadii Dewey. !C. crawei Dewey. C. mesochorea Mack. C. crebriflora Wiegand. C. molesta Mack. C. crinita lam. C. muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. crinita var. muehlenbergii var. brevicrinis Fernald var. enervis Boott. C. cristatella Britton. C. muskingumensis Schwein. C. crus-corvi Shuttlew. ex Kunze. C. nigromarginata Schwein. C. cumberlandensis Naczi, Kral, & Bryson. C. normalis Mack. C. davisii Schwein. & Torr. C. oklahomensis Mack. C. debilis Michx. C. oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd.

C. ouachitana Kral, Manhart, & Bryson. C. acuminatus Torr. & Hook. Tapertip f. C. oxylepis Torr. & Hook. C. bipartitus Torr. Slender f. var. oxylepis C. compressus L. Poorland f. var. pubescens J.K.Underwood C. croceus Vahl. Baldwin’s f. C. pedunculata Willd. C. difformis L. Variable f. !C. pellita Muhl. ex Willd. C. echinatus (L.) Alph.Wood. Globe f. C. pensylvanica Lam. C. engelmannii Steud. Engelmann’s f. C. picta Steud. C. erythrorhizos Muhl. Redroot f. C. planispicata Naczi. C. esculentus L. Chufa f. C. plantaginea Lam. C. flavescens L. Yellow f. C. platyphylla J.Carey. C. flavicomus Michx. White-edge f. C. prasina Wahlenb. *C. iria L. Ricefield f. C. purpurifera Mack. C. lancastriensis Porter. Many-flower f. C. radiata (Wahlenb.) Small. C. lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks. Great Plain f. !C. reniformis (L.H.Bailey) Small. subsp. lupulinus C. retroflexa Muhl. subsp. macilentus (Fernald) Marcks. !C. roanensis F.J.Herm. C. microiria Steud. Asian f. C. rosea Schkuhr ex Willd. C. odoratus L. Frangant f. !C. rugosperma Mack. !C. plukenetii Fern. Plukenet’s f. C. scabrata Schwein. C. polystachyos Rottb. var. texensis (Torr.) Fernald. Texan f. C. scoparia Schkuhr. C. pseudovegetus Steud. Marsh f. !C. seorsa Howe. C. refractus Engelm. ex Steud. Relaxed f. C. shortiana Dewey. C. retroflexus Buckley. One-flower f. C. socialis Mohlenbr. & Schwegman. C. retrofractus (L.) Torr. Rough f. C. sparganoides Muhl. ex Willd. C. retrorsus Chapm. Pine barren f. C. squarrosa L. *C. rotundus L. Nut-grass f. !C. stipata Muhl. ex Willd. C. schweinitzii Torr. Schweinitz’s f. var. stipita C. squarrosus L. Bearded f. var. maxima Chapm. C. strigosus L. Straw-colored f. !C. straminea Willd. C.striatula Michx. Dulichium Pers. C. stricta Lam. D. arundinaceum (L.) Britton. Three-way sedge. C. styloflexa Buckley. C. superata Naczi, Reznicek, & B.A.Ford. Eleocharis R. Br. Spikerush. C. swanii (Fernald) Mack. E. acicularis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Needle s. !C. tetanica Schkuhr. E. bifida S.G. Smith C. texensis (Torr.) L.H.Bailey. E. compressa Sull. Flatstem s. C. timida Naczi & B.A.Ford. E. erythropoda Steud. Bald s. C. torta Boott. E. flavescens (Poir.) Urb. Yellow s. C. triangularis Boeck. E. ovata (Roth) Roem. & Schult. Ovate s. C. tribuloides Wahlenb. E. palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. Common s. var. tribuloides E. quadrangulata (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. Squarestem s. var. sangamonensis Clokey E. tenuis (Willd.) Schult. Slender s. C. typhina Michx. var. pseudoptera (Weath.) Svenson. C. umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. var. tenuis C. virescens Muhl. ex Willd. var. verrucosa (Svenson) Svenson C. vulpinoidea Michx. E. tuberculosa (Michx.) Roem. & Schult. Cone-cup s. C. willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willd. C. woodii Dewey Eriophorum L. Cotton-grass. !E. virginicum L. Tawny cotton-grass. Cladium C. mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr. Smooth sawgrass Fimbristylis Vahl. Fimbry F. annua (All.) Roem. & Schult. Annual f. Cymophyllus Mack. ex Britton F. autumnalis (L.) Roem. & Schult. Slender f. !C. fraserianus (Ker Gawl.) Kartesz & Gandhi. Fraser’s sedge. *F. miliacea (L.) Vahl. Grasslike f. !F. puberula (Michx.) Vahl. Hairy f. Cyperus L. Flat sledges. F. vahlii (Lam.) Link. Vahl’s f.

*D. polystachya Turcz. Cinnamon-vine. Fuirena Rottb. Umbrella-Grass D. villosa L. Colicroot. F. simplex Vahl. Western u.-g. F. squarrosa Michx. Hairy u.-g. ♦ HEMEROCALLIDACEAE. The Day-lily Family.

Isolepis R.Br. Hemerocallis L. Day-lily. I. carinata Hook. & Torr. Keeled bulrush. †H. fulva (L.)L. Day-lily.

Kyllinga Rottb. ♦ HYACINTHACEAE. The Grape-hyacinth Family. *K. gracillima Miq. Pasture s. K. pumila Michx. Low s. Camassia Lindl. C. scilloides (Raf.) Cory. Wild hyacinth, camas-lily. Lipocarpha R.Br. L. micrantha (Vahl.) G.C.Tucker. Halfchaff sedge. Hyacinthoides Heist. †H. non-scripta (L.) Chouard. English bluebell. Rhynchospora Beak-rush. R. capitellata (Michx.) Vahl. Slender b.-r. Muscari Grape-hyacinth. R. corniculata (Lam.) A.Gray. Shortbristle horned b.-r. †M. botryoides (L.) Mill. Common g.-h. !R. globularis (Chapm.) Small. Globe b.-r. †M. comosum (L.) Mill. Tassel g.-h. var. globularis. †M. neglectum Guss. ex Ten. Starch g.-h. R. glomerata (L.) Vahl. Clustered b.-r. !R. macrostachya Torr. ex. A.Gray. Long-bristle horned b.-r. Ornithogalum L. R. recognita (Gale) Kral *O. umbellatum L. Star-of-Bethlehem.

Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla. Bulrush. Scilla L. S. acutus (Muhl.ex Bigelow) Á.Löve & D.Löve. Hardstem b. †S. sibirica Haw. Siberian squill. !S. hallii (A.Gray) S.G. Sm. Hall’s b. !S. heterochaetus (Chase) Soják. Slender b. ♦ HYDROCHARITACEAE. The Frog’s-bit Family. *S. mucronatus (L.) Palla. Bog b. S. pungens (Vahl) Palla. Common threesquare b. Egeria Planch. S. purshianus (Fernald) M.Strong. Bluntscale-b. *E. densa Planch. Brazilian water-weed. S. tabernaemontani (K.C.Gmel.) Palla. Soft-stem b. Elodea Michx. Waterweed. Scirpoides Seg. E. canadensis Michx. Common water-weed. *S. holoschoenus (L.) Soják. Roundheaded bulrush. !E. nuttallii (Planch.) H.St.John. Nuttall’s w.

Scirpus L. Bulrush. Limnobium Frog’s-bit. S. atrovirens Willd. Black b. !L. spongia (Bosc) Rich ex Steud. Frog’s-bit. S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth. Wool-grass. !S. expansus Fernald. Woodland b. Najas L. Water-nymph. S. georgianus R.M.Harper. Georgia b. N. flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & W.L.E.Schmidt. Northern w.-n. !S. microcarpus C. Presl. Small-fruited b. !N. gracillima (A. Braun) Magnus. Slender w.-n. S. pendulus Muhl. ex Elliott. Rufous b. N. guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus. Southern w.-n. S. polyphyllus Vahl. Leafy b. *N. minor All. Eutrophic w.-n.

Scleria Bergius. Nut-rush. Vallisneria L. Tape-grass. !S. ciliata Michx. Fringed n.-r. !V. americana Michx. Water-celery; eel grass. S. oligantha Michx. Little n.-r. S. pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. ♦ HYPOXIDACEAE. The Star-grass Family. S. reticularis Michx. Netted n.-r. S. trigolomerata Michx. Whip n.-r. Hypoxis L. H. hirsuta (L.) Coville. Yellow star-grass. Trichophorum Pers. !T. planifolium (Spreng.) Palla. Bashful bulrush. ♦ IRIDACEAE. The Iris Family.

♦ DIOSCOREACEAE. The Yam Family. Belamcanda Adans. Blackberry-lily. *B. chinensis (L.) DC. Blackberry-lily. Dioscorea L.

L. echinata (Small) F.J.Herm. Prickly w. Crocus L. L. multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej. Common w. †C. vernus (L.) Hill. Dutch crocus. ♦ LEMNACEAE. The Duckweed Family Gladiolus L. Gladiolus. †G. communis (L.) Gladiolus. Lemna L. Duckweed. L. aequinoctialis Welw. Iris L. Iris, flag. L. minor L. I. brevicaulis Raf. Zigzag i. L. minuta Kunth. I. cristata Soland. Ex Aiton. L. obscura (Austin) Daubs. var. cristata. Dwarf crested i. L. perpursilla Torr. !I. fulva Ker Gawl. Copper i. L. turionifera Landolt. *I. germanica L. German i. L. valdiviana Phil. ?I. prismatica Pursh. Slender blue i. *I. pseudacorus L. Yellow f. Spirodela Schleid. Greater duckweed. I. verna L. Dwarf i. S. polyrrhiza (L.) Schleid. I. virginica L. Southern blue f. *S. punctata (G.Meyer) C.Thompson.

Sisyrinchium L. Blue-eyed-grass. Wolffia Horkel. Watermeal. S. albidum Raf. White b.-e.-g. W. borealis (Engelm.) Landolt. S. angustifolium P. Mill. Narrowleaf b.-e.-g. W. brasiliensis Wedd. S. atlanticum E.P.Bicknell. Eastern b.-e.-g. W. columbiana H.Karst. W. globosa (Roxb.) Hartog & Plas. ♦ JUNCACEAE. The Rush Family. Wolffiella Hegelm. Juncus L. Rush. W. gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. J. acuminatus Michx. Knotty-leaved r. J. anthelatus (Wiegand.) R.E.Brooks. Branched r. ♦ LILIACEAE. The Lily Family. !J. articulatus L. Jointleaf r. J. biflorus Elliott. Clintonia Raf. J. brachycarpus Engelm. Whiteroot r. C. umbellulata (Michx.) Morong. Bead-lily. J. brachyphyllus Wiegand. Small-headed r. J. bufonius L. Toad r. Erythronium L. Fawn-lily, trout-lily. J. canadensis J. Gay ex Laharpe. E. albidum Nutt. White f.-l. var. canadensis. Canadian r. E. americanum Ker Gawl. Yellow f.-l. J. coriaceus Mack. Leathery r. !E. rostratum W.Wolf. Beaked yellow f.-l. J. debilis A.Gray. Weak r. E. umbilicatum Parks & Hardin. Dimpled f.-l. J. dichotomous Elliott. Forked r. subsp. umbilicatum J. diffusissimus Buckley. Slimpod r. J. dudleyi Wiegand. Dudley’s r. Lilium L. Lily. J. effusus L. L. canadense L. Canada l. var. solutus Fern. & Wieg. Soft r. *L. lancifolium Thunb. Tiger l. !J. elliottii Chapm. Bog r. L. michiganense Farw. Michigan l. !J. filipendulus Buckley. Ringseed r. !L. philadelphicum L. Wood l. J. gerardii Loisel. Black grass. !L. superbum L. Turk’s-cap l. J. interior Wiegand. Inland r. J. marginatus Rostk. Grass-leaved r. Medeola L. J. nodatus Coville. Stout r. M. virginica L. Indian-cucumber. J. scirpoides Lam. Sedge r. J. secundus P.Beauv. Lopsided r. ♦ MELANTHIACEAE. The Bunch-flower Family. J. tenuis Willd. Path r. J. torreyi Coville. Torrey’s r. Amianthium A.Gray J. validus Coville. Roundhead r. !A. muscaetoxicum (Walt.) Gray. Fly-poison.

Luzula DC. Woodrush. Chamaelirium Willd. L. acuminata Raf. Hairy w. C. luteum (L.) A.Gray. Devil’s-bit, fairy-wand. var. acuminata var. carolinae (S.Wats.) Fern. Melanthium L. L. bulbosa (Alph.Wood) Smyth. Bulbous w. !M. virginicum L. Bunchflower.

Isotria Raf. Stenanthium (A.Gray) Kunth I. verticillata (Muhl ex Willd.) Raf. Larger whorled-pogonia. S. gramineum (Ker-Gawl.) Morong. Featherbells. Liparis Rich. Twayblade. Veratrum L. False Hellebore. L. liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Lindl. Large t. !V. parviflorum Michx. Small-flowered false h. !L. loeselii (L.) Rich. Loesel’s t. !V. woodii J.W.Robbins. False h. Listera R. Br. Twayblade. !L. australis Lindl. Southern t. !L. smallii Wiegand Appalachian t. ♦ NARTHECIACEAE. The Bog-Asphodel Family. Malaxis Sol. Aletris L. M. unifolia Michx. Green adder’s-mouth. A. farinosa L. Colicroot. Platanthera Rich. Rein orchid; Fringed orchid. ♦ ORCHIDACEAE. The Orchid Family. P. ciliaris (L.) Lindl. Yellow f. o. P. clavellata (Michx.) Luer. Clubspur orchid. Aplectrum Torr. !P. cristata (Michx.) Lindl. Crested f. o. A. hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. Puttyroot. P. flava (L.) Lindl. Tubercled orchid. var. flava Calopogon R. Br. var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer !C. tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. var. tuberosus. Grass-pink. !P. integrilabia (Correll) Luer. White fringed orchid. P. lacera (Michx.) G.Don. Cleistes Rich. var. lacera. Ragged f. o. C. bifaria (Fernald) (L.) Catling & Gregg. Smaller spreading- P. peramoena (A.Gray) A.Gray. Purple fringeless orchid. pogonia. !P. psycodes (L.) Lindl. Purple f. o.

Coeloglossum Hartm. Pogonia Juss. !C. viride (L.) Hartman. Long-bracted orchid. !P. ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl. Rose-pogonia.

Corallorhiza Gagnebin. Coral-root. Spiranthes Rich. Ladies’-tresses. !C. maculata (Raf.) Raf. Spotted c.-r. S. cernua (L.) Rich. Nodding l.-t. C. odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt. Autumn c.-r. S. lacera (Raf.) Raf. Slender l.-t. C. wisteriana Conrad. Spring c.-r. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer. var. lacera Cypripedium L. Lady-slipper. !S. lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames. Shining l.-t. C. acaule Aiton. Pink l.-s. !S. magnicamporum Sheviak. Prairie l.-t. !C. candidum Muhl. White l.-s. !S. ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. Yellow l.-t. !C. kentuckiense C.F.Reed. Kentucky l.-s. !S. odorata (Nutt.) Lindl. Fragrant l.-t. !C. parviflorum Salisb. Yellow l.-s. S. ovalis Lindl. var. parviflorum var. erostella Catling. Oval l.-t. var. pubescens S. tuberosa Raf. Little l.-t. !C. reginae Walter. Showy l.-s. S. vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray. Spring l.-t.

Epipactis Zinn. Tipularia Nutt. *E. helleborine (L.) Crantz. Helloborine. T. discolor (Pursh) Nutt. Crane-fly orchid.

Triphora Nutt. Galearis Raf. T. trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. G. spectabilis (L.) Raf. Showy orchis. subsp. trianthophora. Three-birds orchid.

Goodyera R. Br. ♦ POACEAE. The Grass Family. G. pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. Rattlesnake-plantain. G. repens (L.) R.Br. Lesser rattlesnake-plantain. Aegilops L. *A. cylindrica Host. Goat grass. Hexalectris Raf. H. spicata (Walter) Barnhart. Crested coral-root. Agropyron Gaertn. Wheat grass *A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested w. g.

A. trachycaulum (Link) Malte. Slender w. g. *A. fatua L. Wild o. *A. sativa L. Common o. Agrostis L. Bent grass. A. capillaris L. Rhode Island b. g. Bothriochloa Kuntze. A. elliottiana Schult. Awned b. g. B. languroides (DC.) Herter. *A. gigantea Roth. Redtop. subsp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould. Silver beard grass A. hyemalis (Walter) BSP. Winter b. g. var. hyemalis Bouteloua Lag. var. tenuis (Tuck.) !B. curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. A. perennans (Walter) Tuck. Autumn b. g. var. curtipendula. Side-oats grama. *A. stolonifera L. Creeping b. g. var. stolonifera Brachyelytrum P.Beauv. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw. B. erectum (Schreb.) P.Beauv. var. erectum. Bearded shorthusk. Alopecurus L. Foxtail A. aequalis Sobol. Short-awned f. Bromus L. Brome. *A. arundinaceus Poir. Creeping f. *B. catharticus Vahl. Rescue grass. A. carolinianus Walter. Carolina f. *B. commutatus Schrad. Hairy chess. *A. myosuroides Huds. Slender Meadow f. *B. hordeaceus L. Soft chess. *A. pratensis L. Meadow f. *B. inermis Leyss. Smooth b. *B. japonicus Thunb. Japanese chess. Andropogon L. Broom-sedge. B. latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc. Hairy wood b. A. gerardii Vitman. Big bluestem. B. nottawayanus Fernald. Virginia b. A. gyrans Ashe. Elliott’s b.-s. B. pubescens Muhl. Canada b. A. ternarius Michx. Splitbeard bluestem. *B. racemosus L. Bald b. A. virginicus L. Broom-sedge. *B. secalinus L. Rye b. var. abbreviatus (Hack.) Fernald & Griscom. *B. sterilis L. Barren b. var. virginicus *B. tectorum L. Downy chess.

Anthoxanthum L. Vernal grass. Calamagrostis Adans. Reed grass. *A. aristatum Boiss. Annual v.g. !C. canadensis (Michx.) P.Beauv. *A. odoratum L. Sweet v.g. var. macouniana (Vasey) Stebbins. Bluejoint. C. coarctata (Torr.) Eat. Arctic r. g. Apera Adans. !C. porteri A.Gray. Porter r. g. *A. spica-venti (L.) P.Beauv. Silky bent grass. subsp. porteri subsp. insperata (Swallen) C.W.Greene. Aristida L. Three-awn. A. basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey. Forktip t.-a. Cenchrus L. Sandbur A. dichotoma Michx. Churchmouse t.-a. C. longispinus (Hack.) Fernald. Mat s. A. longespica Poir. Slimspike t.-a. C. spinifex Cav. Coastal s. A. oligantha Michx. Prairie t.-a. A. palustris (Chapm.) Vasey. Longleaf t.-a. Chasmanthium Link. Wood Oats. A. purpurascens Poir. Arrowfeather t.-a. C. latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates. River w. o. !A. ramosissima Engelm. ex A.Gray. Slender t.-a. C. laxum (L.) H.O.Yates. subsp. laxum. Slender w. o.

Arrhenatherum P.Beauv. Chloris Sw. Finger grass *A. elatius (L.) J.Presl. & K.Presl. Tall oat grass. *C. verticillata Nutt. Windmill grass. *C. virgata Sw. Feather f. g. Arthraxon P.Beauv. *A. hispidus (Thunb.) Makino. Hairy joint grass. Cinna L. Wood reed. C. arundinacea L. Sweet w. r. Arundinaria Michx. C. latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Drooping w. r. A. gigantea (Walter) Muhl. Giant cane, bamboo. Cynodon Rich. Arundo L. *C. dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda grass. *A. donax L. Giant reed. Dactylis L. Avena L. Oat. *D. glomerata L. Orchard grass.

Danthonia DC. Oat grass. Echinochloa P.Beauv. Barnyard grass. D. compressa Austin. Flattened o. g. *E. colona (L.) Link. Jungle-rice. D. sericea Nutt. Downy o. g. *E. crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. Common b. g. D. spicata (L.) P.Beauv. Poverty o. g. var. crus-galli var. frumentacea (Link) W.Wight. Deschampsia P.Beauv. Hair grass. E. muricata (P.Beauv.) Fernald. Rough b. g. !D. cespitosa (L.) P.Beauv. Tufted h. g. var. muricata !D. flexuosa (L.) Trin. Wavy h. g. var. microstachya Wiegand. E. walteri (Pursh) A.Heller. Walter’s b. g. Diarrhena P.Beauv. Beakgrain. D. americana P.Beauv. American b. Eleusine Gaertn. D. obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg. Obovate b. *E. indica (L.) Gaertn. Goose grass.

Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould. Panic grass. Elymus L. Wild rye. D. aciculare (Desv.ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark E. canadensis L. Canada w. r. subsp. angustifolium (Elliott) Freckmann & Lelong. E. glabrifloris. (Vasey) Scribn. & C.R.Ball. Narrow-leaved p. g. E. hystrix L. Bottlebrush grass. D. acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A.Clark. Hairy p. g. E. macgregoriorum R.E.Brooks & J.J.N.Campb. Early w. r. subsp. lindheimeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong. E. riparius Wiegand. Streambank w. r. subsp. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann & Lelong. !E. svensonii G.L.Church. Svenson’s w. r. subsp. implicatum (Scribn.) Freckmann & Lelong E. villosus Muhl. Downy w. r. subsp. acuminatum E. virginicus L. Virginia w. r. !D. boreale (Nash) Freckmann. Northern p. g. E. wiegandii Fernald. Broad-leaved w.r. D. boscii (Poir.) Gould & C.A.Clark. Bosc’s p. g. D. clandestinum (L.) Gould. Deer-tongue grass. Elytrigia Desv. D. columbianum (Scribn.) Freckmann. Puberulent p. g. *E. repens (L.) Nevski. Quack grass. D. commonsianum (Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong. Commons p. g. E. smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve. Western wheat grass. D. commutatum (Schult.) Gould. Variable p. g. subsp. commutatum Eragrostis von Wolf. Love grass. subsp. ashei (T.G.Pearson ex Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong. E. capillaris (L.) Nees. Capillary l. g. D. depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould. Starved p. g. *E. cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch. Strong-scented l. g. D. dichotomum (L.) Gould. Forking p. g. *E. curvula (Schrad.) Nees. Weeping l. g. subsp. microcarpon (Muhl. ex Elliott) Freckmann & E. frankii C.A.Mey. ex Steud. Frank’s l. g. Lelong. E. hirsuta (Michx.) Nees. Big top l. g. subsp. dichotomum E. hypnoides (Lam.) BSP. Teal l. g. subsp. yadkinense (Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong. *E. minor Host. Little l. g. D. latifolium (L.) Gould & C.A.Clark.. Broad-leaved p. g. E. pectinacea (Michx.) Nees. Tufted l. g. D. laxiflorum (Lam.) Gould. Loose-flowered p. g. *E. pilosa (L.) P.Beauv. Indian l. g. D. leibergii (Vasey) Freckmann. Leiberg’s p. g. E. reptans (Michx.) Nees. Creeping l. g. D. linearifolium (Scribn.) Gould. Linear-leaved p. g. E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. Purple l. g. D. malacophyllum (Nash) Gould. Soft-leaved p. g. D. oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould. Few-flowered p. g. Eriochloa Kunth. subsp. oligosanthes *E. acuminata (J.Presl) Kunth. Cup grass. subsp. scribnerianum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong. D. polyanthes (Schult.) Mohlenbr. Many-flowered p. g. Festuca L. Fescue. D. ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould. Ravenel’s p. g. *F. arundinacea Schreb. Tall f. D. scoparium (Lam.) Gould. Velvety p. g. *F. ovina L. Sheep f. D. sphaerocarpon (Elliott) Gould. Round-fruited p. g. F. paradoxa Desv. Cluster f. D. tenue (Muhl.) Freckmann & Lelong. Small p. g. *F. pratensis Huds. Meadow f. D. villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann. *F. rubra L. Red f. subsp. villosissimum. Long-haired p. g. F. subverticillata (Pers.) E.B.Alexeev. Nodding f.

Digitaria Haller. Crab grass. Glyceria R.Br. Manna grass. D. filiformis (L.) Koeler. Slender c. g. !G. acutiflora Torr. Sharp-scaled m. g. *D. ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. ex Muhl. Smooth c. g. G. melicaria (Michx.) F.T.Hubb. Northeastern m.g. *D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Hairy c. g. G. septentrionalis Hitchc. Eastern m. g. D. violascens Link. Violet c. g. G. striata (Lam.) A.S. Hitchc. Fowl m. g.

M. sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. Forest m. Gymnopogon P.Beauv. Skeleton grass. M. tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP. Slender m. !G. ambiguus (Michx.) B.S.P. Bearded s. g. var. tenuiflora !G. brevifolius Trin. Shortleaf s. g. var. variabilis (Scribn.) R.W.Pohl.

Holcus L. Oryzopsis Michx. *H. lanatus L. Velvet grass. O. racemosa (Sm.) Ricker ex Hitchc. Black-seeded mountain rice.

Hordeum L. Barley. Panicum L. Panic grass. *H. jubatum L. Squirreltail. P. anceps Michx. Beaked p.g. H. pusillum Nutt. Little b. subsp. anceps *H. vulgare L. Cultivated b. subsp. rhizomatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann. & Lelong. Koeleria Pers. P. capillare L. !K. macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult. subsp. capillare. Witch grass. P. dichotomiflorum Michx. Leersia Sw. Cut grass. subsp. dichotomiflorum. Fall panicum. L. lenticularis Michx. Catchfly grass. P. flexile (Gatt.) Scribn. Wiry witch grass. L. oryzoides (L.) Sw. Rice c. g. *P. miliaceum L. L. virginica Willd. Virginia c. g. subsp. milaceum. Proso millet. P. philadelphicum Bernh. ex Trin. Philadelphia witch grass. Leptochloa P.Beauv. Sprangletop. subsp. philadelphicum L. fusca (L.) Kunth subsp. gattingeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong. subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) N.Snow. Bearded s. P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees. Redtop panicum. L. panacea (Retz.) Ohwi subsp. rigidulum subsp. brachiata (Steud.) N.Snow. Red s. subsp. elongatum (Scribn.) Lelong. L. panicoides (J.Presl) Hitchc. Amazon s. subsp. pubescens (Vasey) Freckmann & Lelong. P. verrucosum Muhl. Warty p. g. Leptoloma Chase. P. virgatum L. Switch grass. L. cognatum (Schult.) Chase. Fall witch grass. Paspalum L. Paspalum, bead grass, crown grass. Lolium L. !P. boscianum Flügge. Bull c. g. *L. perenne L. Perennial rye grass. *P. dilatatum Poir. Dallis grass. var. aristatum P. dissectum (L.) L. Mudbank p. var. perenne P. distichum L. Knot grass. *L. temulentum L. Darnel. P. floridanum Michx. Florida p. P. fluitans (Elliott) Kunth. Horsetail p. Melica L. Melic grass. P. laeve Michx. Field p. M. mutica Walter. Two-flowered m. g. P. pubiflorum Rupr. Hairyseed p. M. nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. Three-flowered m. g. P. setaceum Michx. Sand p. var. ciliatifolium (Michx.) Vasey. Microstegium Nees. var. setaceum *M. vimineum (Trin.) A.Camus. Nepalese eulalia. var. muhlenbergii (Nash) D.J.Banks. var. stramineum (Nash) D.J.Banks. Miscanthus Anderss. *P. urvillei Steud. Vasey grass. *M. sinensis Anderss. Plume grass. Pennisetum Rich. Muhlenbergia Schreb. Muhly. *P. glaucum (L.) R.Br. Pearl millet. M. asperifolia (Nees & Meyen) Parodi. Scratch grass. !M. bushii R.W.Pohl. Nodding m. Phalaris L. Canary grass. M. capillaris (Lam.) Trin. Hair grass. P. arundinacea L. Reed c. g. !M. cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb. Plains m. *P. canariensis L. Annual c. g. M. frondosa (Poir.) Fernald. Nimblewill. P. caroliniana Walter. May grass. !M. glabriflora Scribn. Inland m. M. mexicana (L.) Trin. Wirestem m. Phleum L. M. schreberi J.F.Gmel. Nimblewill. *P. pratense L. Timothy. M. sobolifera (Muhl.) Trin. Rock m.

Phragmites Adans. P. australis (Cav.) Trin. ex. Steud. Reed grass. Sorghum Moench. †S. bicolor (L.) Moench. Sorghum. Phyllostachys Sieb. & Zucc. subsp. bicolor. Sorghum. †P. aureosulcata McClure. Yellowgroove bamboo. subsp. drummondii (Steud.) de Wet. Shattercane. *S. halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grass. Piptochaetium J. Presl. P. avenaceum (L.) Parodi. Blackseed needle grass. Spartina Schreb. S. pectinata Link. Cord grass. Poa L. Blue grass. P. alsodes A. Gray. Grove b. g. Sphenopholis Scribn. Wedge grass. *P. annua L. Annual b. g. S. nitida (Biehler) Scribn. Shiny w. g. P. autumnalis Muhl. ex Elliott. Autumn b. g. S. obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. Prairie w. g. *P. bulbosa L. Bulbous b. g. var. obtusata P. chapmaniana Scribn. Chapman b. g. var. major (Torr.) Erdman. *P. compressa L. Canada b. g. !S. pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc. Swamp w. g. P. cuspidata Nutt. Early b. g. !P. languida Hitchc. Drooping b. g. Sporobolus R.Br. Dropseed. *P. pratensis L. Kentucky b. g. !S. clandestinus (Biehler) Hitchc. Rough d. P. sylvestris A.Gray. Woodland b. g. S. compositus (Poir) Merr. Tall d. *P. trivialis L. Rough b. g. var. compositus. var. drummondii (Trin.) Kartesz & Gandhi. Polypogon Desf. S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A.Gray. Sand-d. *P. monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Beard grass. !S. heterolepis (A.Gray) A.Gray. Northern d. *S. indicus (L.) R.Br. Smut grass. Puccinellia Parl. S. neglectus Nash. Poverty grass. *P. distans (Jacq.) Parl. Alkali grass. S. vaginiflorus (Torr. ex. & A.Gray) Alph.Wood. Poverty d.

Saccharum L. Plume grass. Torreyochloa G.L.Church. S. alopecuroideum (L.) Nutt. Silver p. g. !T. pallida (Torr.) G.L.Church. Pale manna grass. S. giganteum (Walter) Pers. Silvercane p. g. *S. ravennae (L.) P.Beauv. Ravenna grass. Tridens Roem. & Schult. T. flavus (L.) Hitchc. Purpletop, grease grass. Schizachne Hack. T. strictus (Nutt.) Nash. Longspike tridens. !S. purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen. False melic. Triplasis P.Beauv. Schizachyrium Nees. !T. purpurea (Walter) Chapm. Purple sand grass. S. scoparium (Michx.) Nash. Little bluestem. var. divergens (Hack.) Gould. Tripsacum L. var. scoparium T. dactyloides (L.) L. Gama-grass.

Sclerochloa P.Beauv. Triticum L. *S. dura (L.) P.Beauv. Hard grass. †T. aestivum L. Wheat. †T. spelta L. Spelt. Secale L. *S. cereale L. Rye. Urochloa P.Beauv. *U. platyphylla (Munro ex C.Wright) R.D.Webster. Signal grass. Setaria P.Beauv. Foxtail. U. ramosa (L.) R.D.Webster. Browntop millet. *S. faberi R.A. W.Herrm. Nodding f. U. texana (Buckley) R.D.Webster. Texas signal grass. *S. italica (L.) P.Beauv. Foxtail millet. *S. parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen. Knotroot f. Vulpia C.C.Gmel. Six-weeks grass; annual fescue. *S. pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. Yellow f. *V. bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray. Brome s-w. g. *S. verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. Bristly f. V. elliotea (Raf.) Fernald. Elliot’s s-w. g. *S. viridis (L.) P.Beauv. Green f. *V. myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel. Rat-tail s-w. g. V. octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. Common s-w. g. Sorghastrum Nash. var. octoflora S. nutans (L.) Nash. Indian grass. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fernald

♦ TRILLIACEAE. The Trillium Family. Zea L. †Z. mays L. Corn, maize. Trillium L. Trillium, wake-robin. T. cuneatum Raf. Southern w.-r. Zizania L. T. erectum L. Purple t. !Z. palustris L. T. flexipes Raf. Bent t. var. interior (Fassett) Dore. Indian wild-rice. T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. Big white t. T. luteum (Muhl.) Harb. Yellow t. Zizaniopsis Döll & Asch ex Döll. !T. nivale Riddell. Snow t. !Z. miliacea (Michx.) Döll & Asch. Southern wild-rice. !T. pusillum Michx. Lesser t. var. ozarkanum (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Steyerm. ♦ PONTEDERIACEAE. The Pickerel-weed Family. var. pusillum T. recurvatum L.C.Beck. Recurved t. Eichhornia Kunth. T. sessile L. Toadshade. †E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms. Water-hyacinth. T. sulcatum T.S.Patrick. Sulcate t. !T. undulatum Willd. Painted t. Heteranthera Ruíz & Pav. Mud-plantain. !H. dubia (Jacq.) MacMill. Water star-grass. ♦ TYPHACEAE. The Cat-tail Family. !H. limosa (Sw.) Willd. Blue m.-p. H. reniformis Ruíz & Pavon. Mud-plantain. Kidneyleaf m.-p. Sparganium L. Bur-reed. ?H. rotundifolia (Kunth) Griseb. Roundleaf m.-p. S. americanum Nutt. American b.-r. S. androcladum (Engelm.) Morong. Branched b.-r. Pontederia L. !S. eurycarpum Engelm. ex A.Gray. Broadfruit b.-r. !P. cordata L. Pickerel-weed. Typha L. Cat-tail. ♦ POTAMOGETONACEAE. The Pondweed Family. T. angustifolia L. Narrow-leaved c. T. domingensis Pers. Southern c. Potamogeton L. Pondweed. T. latifolia L. Common c. P. amplifolius Tuck. Bigleaf p. *P. crispus L. Curly p. ♦ UVULARIACEAE. The Bellwort Family. P. diversifolius Raf. Snailseed p. P. foliosus Raf. Leafy p. Prosartes D.Don. Mandarin. ?P. gramineus L. P. lanuginosa (Michx.) D.Don. Yellow m. !P. illinoensis Morong. Illinois p. !P. maculata (Buckley) A.Gray. Spotted m. P. nodosus Poir. Longleaf p. !P. pulcher Tuck. Heartleaf p. Streptopus Michx. P. pusillus L. Small p. !S. lanceolatus (Aiton) Reveal. Twisted stalk.

Stuckenia Börner. Uvularia L. Bellwort. S. pectinata (L.) Börner. Sago pondweed. U. grandiflora Sm. Largeflower b. U. perfoliata L. Perfoliate b. ♦ SMILACACEAE. The Catbrier Family. U. sessilifolia L. Sessileleaf b.

Smilax L. Catbrier, greenbrier. ♦ XYRIDACEAE. The Yellow-eyed-grass Family. S. bona-nox L. Greenbrier, catbrier. S. ecirrhata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S.Watson. Carrion-flower. Xyris L. Yellow-eyed-grass. var. biltmoreana (Small) H.E.Ahles. !X. difformis Chap. var. hugeri (Small) H.E.Ahles. var. difformis. Carolina y.-e.-g. var. ecirrhata. X. torta Sm. Slender y.-e.-g. S. glauca Walter. Glaucous g. S. herbacea L. Carrion-flower. ♦ ZANNICHELLIACEAE. The Horned Pondweed Family var. herbacea var. pulverulenta (Michx.) A.Gray. Zannichellia L. var. lasioneuron (Hook.) A.DC. Z. palustris L. Horned pondweed. S. hispida Raf. g. S. rotundifolia L. Common g.