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Outgassing of Technical Polymers PEEK, Kapton, Vespel & Mylar

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Ivo Wevers Outgassing of Technical Polymers PEEK, Kapton, Vespel & Mylar Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Technology Department Outline • Part 1: Introduction • Polymers in vacuum technology • Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer • Part 2: Outgassing at Room Temperature • Outgassing measurements of PEEK, Kapton, Mylar and Vespel samples • Fitting with 2-step and 3-step models • Diffusion coefficient, moisture content and decay time constant • Part 3: Attenuation of Polymers Outgassing • Effects of bakeout and venting on pump-down curves • Effects of desication with silica gel • Conclusions & Future Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 2 Part 1: Introduction • Polymers in vacuum technology • Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 3 Polymers in vacuum technology Polymers are sometimes the only option as seal/insulator PEEK, Kapton and Vespel -> bakeout temperatures of 150-200C° Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 4 Polymers in vacuum technology Polymers are sometimes the only option as seal/insulator PEEK, Kapton and Vespel -> bakeout temperatures of 150-200C° Guarantee a certain beam lifetime or certain operation conditions Outgassing limit (maximum pressure to be reached in 24 hours) is defined for each machine AND the residual gas analysis free of contaminants Acceptance test prior to installation: - Pumpdown will define the outgassing rate and variation in time - Leak detection - Outgassing @ 24h - RGA scan Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 5 Polymers in vacuum technology Operational Average effective Outgassing pressure UNBAKED pumping speed rate limit at 24 requirement (24h Accelerator Area (indicative) h pumping) [l s-1] [mbar.l.s-1] [mbar] LINACS, ISOLDE AND TRANSFER ≤2.10-6 100 5∙10-5 (*) LINES CLOSE TO PSB AND PS PSB, HIE-ISOLDE, PS complex REX AND TRANSFER LINES ≤5.10-8 100 5.10-6 (*) CLOSE TO THE PS RING PS ring ≤2.10-8 70 1.5.10-6 (*) Arcs ≤10-6 10 10-5 SPS LSS (kickers, ≤10-7 100 10-5 (*) septa, RF cavities) TI2&TI8: From ≤10-5 1-2 2.10-5 SPS to TED TI2&TI8: From TED to ≤5.10-7 5 2.5.10-6 LHC Criteria for vacuum acceptance tests, P. Chiggiato, J.A.F. Somoza, G. Bregliozzi, ACC-V-ES-0001 EDMS 1752123 Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 6 Polymers in vacuum technology PI-KAF45 PS Kicker assembly tank Pumpdown of PI-KAF45 PS Kicker Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 7 Polymers in vacuum technology LINAC 4 Faraday Cup Vespel & Kapton wires Pumpdown LINAC4 Faraday Cup Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 8 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Outgassing Molecules which have previously Molecules diffusing through the bulk been adsorbed (venting),that material, entering the surface and desorb again desorbing from it Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 9 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Outgassing 1.E-03 ퟏ 1.E-04 풕 1.E-05 Molecules which have previously Molecules diffusing through the bulk been1.E-06 adsorbed (venting),that material, entering the surface and desorb[mbar] Pressure again desorbing from it 1.E-07 1.E-08 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 10 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Outgassing 1.E-03 1.E-03 ퟏ ퟏ 1.E-04 1.E-04 풕 풕 1.E-05 1.E-05 Molecules which have previously Molecules diffusing through the bulk been1.E-06 adsorbed (venting),that material,1.E-06 entering the surface and Pressure [mbar] Pressure desorb[mbar] Pressure again desorbing from it 1.E-07 1.E-07 1.E-08 1.E-08 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 Elapsed Time [hours] Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 11 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Outgassing 1.E-03 1.E-03 ퟏ ퟏ 1.E-04 1.E-04 풕 풕 1.E-05 1.E-05 Molecules which have previously Molecules diffusing through the bulk been1.E-06 adsorbed (venting),that material,1.E-06 entering the surface풆− 풕and Pressure [mbar] Pressure desorb[mbar] Pressure again desorbing from it 1.E-07 1.E-07 1.E-08 1.E-08 1.E-02 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 Elapsed Time [hours] Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 12 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Standard diffusion theory 2-step model : 1.E-03 ퟏ 4퐷 휋휏 1.E-04 퐶0 푓표푟 푡 ≪ 0.5휏 푞 푡 = ℎ 16푡 풕 푓푎푐푒 푡 4퐷 − 1.E-05 퐶 푒 휏 푓표푟 푡 ≫ 0.5휏 ℎ 0 1.E-06 퐶0 = initial diffusant concentration, Pressure [mbar] Pressure 풆−풕 퐷= diffusion coefficient, 1.E-07 ℎ= sample thickness 1.E-08 2 ℎ 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 휏 = . 휋2퐷 Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 13 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Standard diffusion theory 2-step model : 1.E-03 ퟏ 4퐷 휋휏 1.E-04 퐶0 푓표푟 푡 ≪ 0.5휏 푞 푡 = ℎ 16푡 풕 푓푎푐푒 푡 4퐷 − 1.E-05 퐶 푒 휏 푓표푟 푡 ≫ 0.5휏 ℎ 0 1.E-06 퐶0 = initial diffusant concentration, Pressure [mbar] Pressure 풆−풕 퐷= diffusion coefficient, 1.E-07 ℎ= sample thickness 1.E-08 2 ℎ 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 휏 = . 휋2퐷 Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 14 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Standard diffusion theory 2-step model : 1.E-03 ퟏ 4퐷 휋휏 1.E-04 4퐷 휋ℎ2 퐶0 푓표푟 푡 ≪ 0.5휏 퐶 푓표푟 푡 ≪ 0.5휏 푞 푡 = ℎ 16푡 ℎ 0풕 16휋2퐷푡 푓푎푐푒 푡 푞푓푎푐푒 푡 = 4퐷 − 1.E-05 휏 푡 퐶0푒 푓표푟 푡 ≫ 0.5휏 4퐷 − ℎ 퐶 푒 휏 푓표푟 푡 ≫ 0.5휏 ℎ 0 1.E-06 퐶0 = initial diffusant concentration, Pressure [mbar] Pressure 풆−풕 퐷= diffusion coefficient, 1.E-07 ℎ= sample thickness 1.E-08 2 ℎ 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 휏 = . 휋2퐷 Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 15 Outgassing of water : metallic surface vs polymer Standard diffusion theory 2-step model : 1.E-03 ퟏ 4퐷 휋휏 1.E-04 4퐷 휋ℎ2 퐶0 푓표푟 푡 ≪ 0.5휏 퐶 푓표푟 푡 ≪ 0.5휏 푞 푡 = ℎ 16푡 ℎ 0풕 16휋2퐷푡 푓푎푐푒 푡 푞푓푎푐푒 푡 = 4퐷 − 1.E-05 휏 푡 퐶0푒 푓표푟 푡 ≫ 0.5휏 4퐷 − ℎ 퐶 푒 휏 푓표푟 푡 ≫ 0.5휏 ℎ 0 1.E-06 퐶0 = initial diffusant concentration, Pressure [mbar] Pressure 풆−풕 퐷= diffusion coefficient, 1.E-07 Initial outgassing is independent of the ℎ= sample thickness thickness 1.E-08 2 ℎ 1.E-01 1.E+00 1.E+01 1.E+02 휏 = . 휋2퐷 Elapsed Time [hours] Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 16 Part 2: Outgassing at Room Temperature • Outgassing measurements of PEEK, Kapton, Vespel and Mylar samples • Fitting with 2-step and 3-step models • Estimate of diffusion coefficient, moisture content and decay time Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 17 Experimental setup & procedure The system, used always unbaked and kept at a temperature of ca. 22°C/295K, featured: • An RGA and a Penning gauge • A Turbomolecular pumping group • An orifice Ø 1 cm Procedure: • 24 hour venting of the system • Start pumping & logging pressure vs time • RGA on when pressure is < 4 10-8 mbar • Scan when pressure is < 4 10-8 mbar Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 18 Description of the polymer samples Kapton HN Polyimide - Melting temperature: none Expected water content: 0.96% Samples: square sheets side 100 mm Thicknesses: 0.0125-0.125 mm Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 19 Description of the polymer samples PEEK 450G PolyEther-Ether Ketone Semi-crystalline thermoplastic Melting temperature: 343°C Expected water content: ca. 0.25% Samples shape: disks ∅ 51 mm Thicknesses: 0.16-1.28 mm Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 20 Description of the polymer samples Vespel SP-1 Polyimide (Sintered) Melting temperature: none Expected water content: ca. 1% Samples shape: disks ∅ 50.8 mm Thicknesses: 0.25-1.8 mm Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 21 Description of the polymer samples MYLAR Polyethylene terephthalate Melting temperature: 254°C Expected water content: ca. 0.22% Samples shape: disks ∅ 50 mm Thicknesses: 0.24-1.03 mm Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 22 Outgassing measurements of PEEK, Kapton and Vespel samples Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 23 Outgassing measurements of PEEK, Kapton and Vespel samples WATER Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 24 Outgassing measurements of PEEK, Kapton and Vespel samples AIR Vacuum, Surfaces & Coatings Group Ivo Wevers ARIES 2021 Technology Department 25 Outgassing measurements of PEEK, Kapton and Vespel samples Specific outgassing rates were calculated: 푆푒푓푓 (푃푠푎푚푝푙푒 − 푃푏푔) 푄 = 퐴 푆푒푓푓 = Effective pumping speed for H2O, 푃푠푎푚푝푙푒 = Sample pressure,푃푏푔 = Background pressure, A = Sample area.
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    MT25 Conference 2017 - Timetable, Abstracts, Orals and Posters Report of Contributions https://indico.cern.ch/e/MT25-2017 MT25 Conferenc … / Report of Contributions 3D Electromagnetic Analysis of Tu … Contribution ID: 5 Type: Poster Presentation of 1h45m 3D Electromagnetic Analysis of Tubular Permanent Magnet Linear Launcher Tuesday, 29 August 2017 13:15 (1h 45m) A short stroke and large thrust axial magnetized tubular permanent magnet linear launcher (TPMLL) with non-ferromagnetic rings is presented in this paper. Its 3D finite element (FE) models are estab- lished for sensitivity analyses on some parameters, such as air gap thickness, permanent magnet thickness, permanent magnet width, stator yoke thickness and four types of permanent magnet material, ferrite, NdFeB, AlNiCO5 and Sm2CO17 are conducted to achieve greatest thrust. Then its 2D finite element (FE) models are also established. The electromagnetic thrusts calculated by 2D and 3D finite element method (FEM) and got from prototype test are compared. Moreover, the prototype static and dynamic tests are conducted to verify the 2D and 3D electromagnetic analysis. The FE software FLUX provides the interface with the MATLAB/Simulink to establish combined simulation. To improve the accuracy of the simulation, the combined simulation between the model of the control system in Matlab/Simulink and the 3D FE model of the TPMLL in FLUX is built in this paper. The combined simulation between the control system and the 3D FE modelof the TPMLL is built. A prototype is manufactured according to the final designed dimensions. The photograph of the developed TPMLL prototype with thrust sensor and the magnetic powder brake as the load are shown.
  • 2 0 0 1 a N N U a L R E P O

    2 0 0 1 a N N U a L R E P O

    2001 ANNUAL REPORT DuPont at 200 In 2002, DuPont celebrates its 200th anniversary. The company that began as a small, family firm on the banks of Delaware’s Brandywine River is today a global enterprise operating in 70 countries around the world. From a manufacturer of one main product – black powder for guns and blasting – DuPont grew through a remarkable series of scientific leaps into a supplier of some of the world’s most advanced materials, services and technologies. Much of what we take for granted in the look, feel, and utility of modern life was brought to the marketplace as a result of DuPont discoveries, the genius of DuPont scientists and engineers, and the hard work of DuPont employees in plants and offices, year in and year out. Along the way, there have been some exceptional constants. The company’s core values of safety, health and the environment, ethics, and respect for people have evolved to meet the challenges and opportunities of each era, but as they are lived today they would be easily recognizable to our founder. The central role of science as the means for gaining competitive advantage and creating value for customers and shareholders has been consistent. It would be familiar to any employee plucked at random from any decade of the company’s existence. Yet nothing has contributed more to the success of DuPont than its ability to transform itself in order to grow. Whether moving into high explosives in the latter 19th century, into chemicals and polymers in the 20th century, or into biotechnology and other integrated sciences today, DuPont has always embraced change as a means to grow.
  • Heat Set Creases in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Sheets to Enable Origami-Based Applications

    Heat Set Creases in Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Sheets to Enable Origami-Based Applications

    Smart Materials and Structures PAPER Heat set creases in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets to enable origami-based applications To cite this article: Brandon Sargent et al 2019 Smart Mater. Struct. 28 115047 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 128.187.112.27 on 23/10/2019 at 15:35 Smart Materials and Structures Smart Mater. Struct. 28 (2019) 115047 (13pp) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab49df Heat set creases in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets to enable origami-based applications Brandon Sargent1 , Nathan Brown1, Brian D Jensen1, Spencer P Magleby1, William G Pitt2 and Larry L Howell1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, United States of America 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, United States of America E-mail: [email protected] Received 7 May 2019, revised 26 August 2019 Accepted for publication 1 October 2019 Published 24 October 2019 Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets show promise for application in origami-based engineering design. Origami-based engineering provides advantages that are not readily available in traditional engineering design methods. Several processing methods were examined to identify trends and determine the effect of processing of PET sheets on the crease properties of origami mechanisms in PET. Various annealing times, temperatures, and cooling rates were evaluated and data collected for over 1000 samples. It was determined that annealing temperature plays the largest role in crease response. An increase in the crystallinity of a PET sheet while in the folded state likely increases the force response of the crease in PET sheets.