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Ingredient of Baking Powder. Thus,.When Or the Like MOOSHEGH VAYGOUNY, 0F BERKELEY, ('JALIFOIEtlfIIA,v A‘SSIG’NOR TO ROYAL BAKING ' POWDER COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY. BAKING-POWDER. 1,214,726. Speci?cation of Letters Patent. Patented Feb. 6, 191?. No Drawing. Application ?led February 1, 1912. Serial No. 674,750. To all whom it may concern qualities and advantages of cream of tartar, Be it known that I, MoosHEoH VAYeoUNx, on the one hand, and of ordinary tartaric a citizen of the United States, residing at acid, on the other hand, may be attained Berkeley, county of Alameda, and State of in a higher degree by using as the acid California, have inventedv a. new and useful ingredient in the composition of baking Improvement in Baking-Powder, of which powder the other isomers of tartaric acid,‘ the following is a speci?cation. namely, mesotartaric acid and. especially The invention relates to improvements in racemic tartaric acid, hereinafter for brevity baking powders and has for its object the called racemic acid. Further, the same ob 10 production of a leavening agent .superior ject may be obtained in some degree by in many respects to those heretofore known. using those modi?cations of tartaric acids.‘ The most desirable of the baking powders in general which are obtained by suitably heretofore commercially known have been dehydrating‘ any of the four‘isomers, dextro-, those containing ordinary bitartrate of po levo-, racemic- and ,mesotartaric acids; that 15 tassium, which is the acid salt of ordinary is to say, by using either the’ simple anhy tartaric acid‘(z'. e., dextrotartaric acid), to drous forms of the acids, or the anhydrids which is added bicarbonate of sodium and a or inner anhydrids of the‘ same as the acid suitable ?lling material, as starch or ?our, ingredient of baking powder. Thus,.when or the like. In the presence of water or racemic acid is used as the acid ingredient 20 water-containing substances, like dough, the in a baking powder otherwise compounded 75 potassium bitartrate of such baking powders; with bicarbonate and starch or ?our or acts upon the bicarbonate of sodium and other suitable ?lling matter as usual, the liberates carbonic acid gas, which thereby acid componentof the resultant powder re exerts a leavening action. ' acts when in use more uniformly and in a The chief disadvantages ‘inherent ‘in the’ more e?icient manner on the bicarbonate 80 use of bitartrate of potassium in baking present-than where cream of tartar alone is powders are the relative. ~wastefulness or used, owing to ‘the greater solubility of the ine?iciency due to the fact that the bitartrate - racemic acid; while its leavening actionis of potassium is an acid salt and hence only also far more moderate and less violent than 30 half its tartaric acid is available; so that it where ordinary tartaric acid is used as the 85 is less than half as strong as a correspond acid ingredient. At the same time, owing to ing weight of free tartaric acid; and its the spontaneous tendency of racemic acid ' undue sluggishness as a leavening agent to e?‘loresce, there is practically no danger owing to its excessive insolubility, toremedy of its becoming moist under the in?uence of 35 which it has been found desirable in prac the humidity‘, internal or external, to which 90 tice to introduce a certain quantity of free the powder may be subjected, with the conse ordinary tartaric acid, an expedient which, ~ quence that it yields a product of greater however, involves the disadvantages neces stability and keeping qualities. Further sarily'attaching to the use of ordinary free .40 tartaric acid. more, even where the'degree of humidity, atmospheric or otherwise, which has to be 95 The disadvantages attaching to the use contended with is excessive, racemic acid of ordinary tartaric acid and the reason makes an excellent powder, as for this pur why the tartaric compound in this class of pose it may be arti?cially dehydrated at a baking powders has been mainly used in the. moderate temperature, say, below 100° 0., 45 form of bitartrate of potassium or cream of prior to its use in the manufacture of ‘the 100 tartar may be indicated, in part, as fol baking powder and thus ‘a condition of lows :-—Ordi'nary tartaric acid is excessively forced equilibrium. is produced, the dehy soluble andrather hygroscopic in. the sense drated racemic acid possessing a tendency of absorbing moisture. From these qualities to re-hydrate itself, in other words, to act 50 result a too rapid reactivity with bicar as a drying agent upon the other ingre bonates when in use, producing a too rapid dients, such as’?our and bicarbonate, and and irregular evolution of gas in the mass even upon the air within the can, thus en of dough to be leavened, and a baking pow hancing the keeping qualities of the baking der of relatively poor stability. powder of which it is an ingredient. 55 Now I have found that all the desirable What has been said regarding the de 110 1,214,726)‘ singly, it is evident, of course, that the acid sirable qualities of racemic acid applies to salts of such acids as I have mentioned may mesotartaric acid‘ to a great extent, for be used in lieu of or in connection with the though it is far more soluble than racemic free acids, and that such‘ salts and acids, acid, vyet mesotartaric acid is less soluble singly or in combination, may be employed 65 than ordinary tartaric (dextrotartaric) in baking powders containing other ingredi acid, and as it tends to crystallize more dis ents in order thereby to moderate or con tinctly it is less readily affected by exter trol thestrength, quality or activity of the nal conditions. Like racemic acid,‘ meso baking powder, without departing from the tartaric acid contains water of crystalliza~ spirit or scope of my invention. 70 tion, which, when removed by gentle heat What I claim is :‘—~ ing, leaves a product of great stability when 1. As a new article of manufacture, a used in baking powders. Similarly, the de baking powder containing racemic acid. sirable qualities possessed so preeminently As a new article of manufacture, a by racemic acid are also possessed in some baking powder containing a mixture of 75 15 degree by the anhydrids of any of the tar racemic and mesotartaric acid. taric acids owing to their greater stability 3. As a new article of ‘manufacture, a in the presence of humidity and smaller baking powder containing as an acid com solubility than the corresponding normal ponent a mixture of acid material compris acids. The biacid salts of these non-dextro ing the racemic acid radical and acid ma 80 rotary tartaric acids, such as the birace terial comprising the mesotartaric acid mates, the bimesotartrates and the bilevotar radical. trates, and their admixtures, also present 4. As a new article of manufacture, a ' advantages as the acid component of baking baking powder containing racemic acid and powders. These biacid salts contain the a bicarbonate of an alkali-forming metal. 85 25 radical of the corresponding acids, and are, As a new article of manufacture, a bak of course, acid bodies capable of reacting on ing powder containing a mixture of racemic bicarbonate of soda and other bicarbonates acid, mesotartaric acid and a bicarbonate of of alkaline bases with liberation of carbon an alkali-forming metal. dioxid, the leavening gas. 6. Asa new article of manufacture, a 90 30 The exact composition of the baking baking powder containing as an acid com powder embodying my invention may vary ponent a mixture of acid material compris according to the particular requirements. ing the racemic acid radical and acid ma For example, I may make a mixture of, say, terial comprising the mesotartaric acid twenty-?ve parts of racemic acid, twenty radical and also containing a bicarbonate of 95 35 ?ve parts bicarbonate of sodium and ?fty 'an alkali forming metal. parts starch or other ?lling material. Or a 7. As a new article of manufacture, a mixture may be made containing thirteen baking "powder containing dehydrated race parts racemic acic, twelve parts mesotar mic aoid. _ taric acid, twenty-?ve parts bicarbonate of 8. As a new article of manufacture, a 100 40 sodium and ?fty parts ?ller. Or ten parts baking powder containing racemic acid racemic acid, twenty-four parts bitartrate of anhydrid. potassium, twenty-three parts bicarbonate 9. As a new article of manufacture, a of sodium and vforty-three partsv?ller. Or baking powder containing as an ingredient ?ve parts racemic acid, ?ve parts meso a compound comprising the radical of an l05 tartaric acid, twenty-four parts bitartrate of optically inactive tartaric acid. potassium, twenty-three parts bicarbonate 10. As a new article of manufacture, a of sodium and forty-three parts ?ller. But baking powder containing as an ingredient the foregOing are merely illustrations of the a compound comprising the racemic acid 110 application of my invention, which contem- radical. 50 plates considerable variation in its applica 11. As a new article of manufacture, a tion, according to commercial requirements. baking powder containing a free non-hygro Many applications of my invention in the scopic tartaric acid. ‘ manufacture of baking powders containing 12. As a new article of manufacture, a in greateror less proportion one or more of baking powder containing an anhydrid of 115 the acids or their modi?cations or com an optically inactive tartaric acid. pounds, the use of which in leavening agents MOOSHEGH VAYGOUNY. '1 have discovered, will suggest themselves Witnesses: to any one familiar with the subject.
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