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Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Martin House Formation, Mackenzie Corridor, Northwest Territories, Canada

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Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Martin House Formation, Mackenzie Corridor, Northwest Territories, Canada University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Legacy Theses 2011 Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Martin House Formation, Mackenzie Corridor, Northwest Territories, Canada Davison, Julia Elizabeth Aidan Davison, J. E. (2011). Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Martin House Formation, Mackenzie Corridor, Northwest Territories, Canada (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/11347 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/48777 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Sedimentology and Stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Martin House Formation, Mackenzie Corridor, Northwest Territories, Canada by Julia Elizabeth Aidan Davison A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCE CALGARY, ALBERTA September, 2011 © Julia Elizabeth Aidan Davison 2011 The author of this thesis has granted the University of Calgary a non-exclusive license to reproduce and distribute copies of this thesis to users of the University of Calgary Archives. Copyright remains with the author. Theses and dissertations available in the University of Calgary Institutional Repository are solely for the purpose of private study and research. They may not be copied or reproduced, except as permitted by copyright laws, without written authority of the copyright owner. Any commercial use or re-publication is strictly prohibited. The original Partial Copyright License attesting to these terms and signed by the author of this thesis may be found in the original print version of the thesis, held by the University of Calgary Archives. Please contact the University of Calgary Archives for further information: E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: (403) 220-7271 Website: http://archives.ucalgary.ca ii ABSTRACT Outcrop sections, wire-line logs, drill core, palynology, seismic data, and petrographic analyses are utilized to better constrain the paleogeographic setting of Lower Cretaceous strata in the Mackenzie Corridor of northern Canada. Twelve lithofacies and four facies associations are interpreted across the study area. Earliest Albian floodplain (FA1) deposits were overlain by estuarine (FA2), shallow marine (FA3) and offshore (FA4) strata deposited during a major Albian transgression. During the Lower Cretaceous, the Mackenzie Corridor was on the eastern side of a foreland basin and the Keele Arch formed a north-south trending highland. Facies maps show that basin paleotopography imparted significant control on the distribution and lateral continuity of stratigraphic units. Facies associations one, two and three are the most prospective for hydrocarbons, with the best porosity and permeability observed in FA1. Lower Cretaceous basin-fill deposits of the Mackenzie Corridor share characteristics with those in Northern Alberta. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was primarily sponsored by the financial generosity and technical partnership of Devon Canada, with additional technical support and funding from the Northwest Territories Geoscience Office and the Geological Survey of Canada MADACOR GEM project. I am most grateful to the technical discussions, advice and time donated by supervisor Dr. Stephen Hubbard at the University of Calgary. This ongoing support was invaluable to the successful outcome of this thesis. Contributions in the field and ongoing discussions with Dr. Thomas Hadlari of the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) formed an important and very much appreciated understanding of the study area. I am very grateful to the geologists, Paddy Chesterman of Chesterco Inc., Shannon Acton of Devon, and Dr. Melissa Giovanni of the University of Calgary, who agreed to venture into the wilds of the study area and fly about searching for elusive Lower Cretaceous outcrops. Thanks to Dr. Dennis Johnston, Paddy Chesterman, Reigh MacPherson and Dr. Dennis Meloche at Devon Canada for their assistance in creating this project and maintaining industry support. The field tips and project suggestions by Dr. Cook, Dr. MacLean, and Dr. Dixon at the GSC were helpful when creating this project. I really appreciate the assistance by Rick Fontaine and team in the GSC core lab and palynology expertise from Dr. Art Sweet, Dr. James White and Linda Dancey. Thank you to Dr. Andrew Leier, Dr. Giovanni, and Lynne Maillet at the University of Calgary for assistance with microscope challenges. Thanks to Dustin Bauer for his time reviewing, discussing and helping me improve my thesis drafts. I appreciate the reviews by CABS students Kaylee Anderson, Kevin Jackson, Keegan Raines and Ross Kukulski. Finally, I would like to thank my defense committee, Dr. Hubbard, Dr. Leier, and Dr. Gates for taking the time to read and provide useful suggestions for enhancing the final thesis. iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my family, boyfriend, close friends and geo-colleagues who were supportive throughout my thesis journey and made life fantastic by sharing a chat, a mountain adventure, or dinner. Merci mille fois! v TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL PAGE ..................................................................................................................... i ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii DEDICATION ..........................................................................................................................IV TABLE OF CONTENTS...............................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. viii INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 3 STUDY AREA .......................................................................................................................3 PREVIOUS WORKS ................................................................................................................3 REGIONAL TECTONIC SETTING ...............................................................................................5 BASIN SETTING....................................................................................................................7 STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT .................................................................................... 12 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 17 FACIES ............................................................................................................................ 19 FACIES 1: CHERT PEBBLE TO COBBLE CONGLOMERATE ..........................................................19 FACIES 2: CROSS-STRATIFIED VERY COARSE GRAINED SANDSTONE..........................................23 FACIES 3: TROUGH-CROSS STRATIFIED FINE TO MEDIUM GRAINED SANDSTONE .........................24 FACIES 4: ORGANIC-RICH FINE GRAINED SANDSTONE TO MUDSTONE WITH ROOTS ....................26 FACIES 5: SOFT-SEDIMENT DEFORMED HETEROLITHIC SANDSTONE AND MUDSTONE ..................31 FACIES 6: FINE GRAINED SANDSTONE WITH MUDSTONE COUPLETS AND DRAPED RIPPLES...........33 FACIES 7: ABUNDANTLY BIOTURBATED HETEROLITHIC SANDY MUDSTONE ...............................35 FACIES 8: SANDSTONE INTERBEDDED WITH MODERATELY TO HIGHLY BIOTURBATED MUDSTONE .36 FACIES 9: HUMMOCKY CROSS-STRATIFIED MODERATELY BIOTURBATED SANDSTONE..................38 FACIES 10: CROSS-STRATIFIED SPARSELY BIOTURBATED SANDSTONE.......................................39 FACIES 11: PARALLEL-LAMINATED OR MASSIVE SANDSTONE..................................................40 FACIES 12: MUDSTONE .....................................................................................................41 FACIES ASSOCIATIONS AND DEPOSITIONAL CONTEXT................................ 45 FACIES ASSOCIATION 1: NON-MARINE DEPOSITS...................................................................45 FACIES ASSOCIATION 2: ESTUARINE DEPOSITS......................................................................52 FACIES ASSOCIATION 3: SHALLOW MARINE SANDSTONE ........................................................61 FACIES ASSOCIATION 4: OFFSHORE MUDSTONE ....................................................................63 PETROGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 68 BASIN PHYSIOGRAPHY AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY................................. 73 BASIN PHYSIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................73
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