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2015 Gastropods Chafarinas.Pdf © Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus , 33 (1): 97-150, 2015 Gasterópodos marinos de las islas Chafarinas (Mediterrá - neo suroccidental) Marine gastropods of the Chafarinas Islands (Southwestern Mediter - ranean) Joan Daniel OLIVER *, Marta CALVO**, Javier GUALLART**, Luis SÁNCHEZ-TOCINO*** y José TEMPLADO** Recibido el 1-VIII-2014. Aceptado el 13-I-2015 RESUMEN Se han estudiado varias muestras de sedimentos bioclásticos recogidas con escafandra autónoma a distintas profundidades en los fondos próximos a las islas Chafarinas. Como resultado de ello se obtuvieron un total de 382 especies de gasterópodos. Las familias con mayor número de especies resultaron ser Pyramidellidae (55), Rissoidae (32), Ceri - thiopsidae (21), Trochidae (20), Mangeliidae (17) y Eulimidae (15). Se comentan los pro - blemas taxonómicos que presentan algunas especies de las familias Cerithiopsidae, Euli - midae y Pyramidellidae y de los géneros Alvania , Ocinebrina y Cima . ABSTRACT Several samples of bioclastic sediment collected by scuba diving at various depths in the sourrounding bottoms of the Chafarinas Islands (SW Mediterranean) have been studied. As a result, a total of 382 species of gastropods were recorded. Families which include a higher number of species were Pyramidellidae (55), Rissoidae (32), Cerithiopsidae (21), Trochidae (20), Mangeliidae (17) and Eulimidae (15). Some taxonomic comments are given on species of the families Cerithiopsidae, Eulimidae and Pyramidellidae and on the genera Alvania, Ocinebrina and Cima. INTRODUCCIÓN en un trabajo anterior dedicado a los clásticos que se acumulan en determina - moluscos de las islas columbretes dos lugares del fondo o explayados (oliVeR , t emPlado Y keRstiNG , 2012) se constituye un método muy eficaz para indicó que se prentendía abordar el obtener una idea aproximada de las estudio de los gasterópodos marinos de especies de moluscos presentes en una diversos enclaves insulares españoles a determinada zona. con este procedi - partir del análisis de sedimentos bio - miento, el simple análisis de una serie clásticos. el presente trabajo constituye de muestras pequeñas (de aproximada - una segunda aportación en este sentido. mente un kilogramo de sedimentos bio - como ya se señaló en el artículo ante - clásticos), recogidas en diversos ambien - rior, el estudio de los sedimentos bio - tes y a distintas profundidades, permite * C/ Alcorisa, 83 - 12 C, 28043 Madrid ** Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid *** Departamento de Zoología. Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada. 18071 Granada, Spain 97 Iberus , 33 (1), 2015 obtener un buen número de especies (la cia de fangos en estos fondos es debida mayor parte de ellas de pequeño al aporte de sedimentos del litoral tamaño y difíciles de localizar por otros próximo, tanto de la costa acantilada métodos de muestreo), que constituyen con numerosos barrancos al oeste de una representación bastante completa cabo de agua, como, sobre todo, del río de la malacofauna del entorno (t em - moulouya, que desemboca a unas 8 Plado , P aulaY , G itteNBeRGeR Y meYeR , millas náuticas al este del archipiélago. 2010) . un ejemplo de ello lo constituyen a pesar de que el caudal de este curso los trabajos de luque Y temPlado de agua está regulado desde hace unas (1981) o de aaRtseN , m eNkhoRst Y Git - décadas por el embalse de mohamed V, teNBeRGeR (1984) sobre los moluscos de que sin duda ha reducido la carga de sa torreta , un islote de Formentera, o de sedimento que llega al mar, tanto el la bahía de algeciras, respectivamente. aporte histórico como el que regular - siguiendo este proceder, y aprove - mente tiene lugar con la apertura de sus chando los muestreos realizados en las compuertas determina la importante islas chafarinas con otros objetivos, se presencia de sedimentos finos en toda la aborda aquí el estudio de los gasterópo - zona y su influencia en las comunidades dos de este singular e interesante bentónicas (véase teNa , c aPaccioNi , enclave insular español en las costas del toRRes Y GaRcía -c aRRascosa , 2000). norte de áfrica. en general se observa que en las el archipiélago de las chafarinas islas chafarinas el límite entre las comu - está compuesto por tres islas de origen nidades infralitorales y circalitorales se volcánico (congreso, isabel ii y del Rey sitúa en torno a los 15 m de profundi - Francisco) situadas en la zona meridio - dad (aaVV, 1991; 1994; obs. pers. JG, nal del mar de alborán (35º 11’ N 2º 26’ Jt), una cota batimétrica relativamente W), a unas 27 millas náuticas al este de superficial. ello se interpreta que es melilla y a 1,9 millas al norte del cabo debido tanto a la relativa turbidez de las del agua (Ras-el-ma, o Ras-kebdana, aguas derivada de la pluma sedimenta - marruecos) (Figura 1). ria del río moulouya, como a la existen - entre la vertiente sur de las islas y la cia de una marcada termoclina estival costa africana se extiende una planicie en torno a esa profundidad. dicha turbi - somera de fondos sedimentarios que dez puede ser la causa de la presencia apenas sobrepasan los 15 m de profun - en aguas relativamente superficiales de didad. la vertiente norte de las islas especies que habitualmente se encuen - presenta mayor profundidad y el lecho tran en niveles batimétricos inferiores, sedimentario comienza entre las isoba - como es el caso de la gorgonia ellisella tas de 30 y 50 m, a menudo en la base de paraplexauroides (stiasny, 1936), del coral acantilados tipo “ plunging” de varias escleractinio Dendrophyllia ramea (linna - decenas de metros de altura. al noroeste eus, 1758) o del zoantario Savalia savaglia del archipiélago se llegan a alcanzar (Bertoloni, 1819) (aa.VV., 1991; 1994; fondos en torno a 70 m de profundidad maldoNado , l óPez -a costa , s áNchez - a unos 500 m del litoral. en general, los tociNo Y sitJà , 2013). fondos más profundos, al norte de las una descripción de las principales islas y al suroeste de la isla del con - comunidades bentónicas existentes en greso, presentan sedimentos con eleva - toda esta zona puede verse en el libro de dos contenidos de fango. en cambio, los BueNo del camPo Y GoNzález GaRcía fondos más someros al sur de las islas (1996), mientras que una síntesis de isabel ii y Rey Francisco, así como al reciente sobre las principales comunida - este de esta última presentan un mayor des bentónicas en el archipiélago se componente arenoso. Por su parte, en recoge en el artículo de GuallaRt Y los alrededores de la isla del congreso y aFáN (2013 ). entre los elementos más en las proximidades de los afloramien - distintivos de los poblamientos bentóni - tos rocosos que la rodean dominan los cos es reseñable la gran abundancia de fondos detríticos. la relativa abundan - organismos filtradores (esponjas, cnida - 98 OLIVER ET AL .: Gasterópodos marinos de las islas Chafarinas (Mediterráneo suroccidental) rios, ascidias y briozoos) en los escarpa - mente se han llevado a cabo diversos tra - dos fondos rocosos de la vertiente norte bajos para evaluar en el archipiélago la de las islas, con numerosas especies de distribución y abundancia de algunas es - gorgonias, entre las que destaca ellisella pecies de moluscos incluidas en el catá - paraplexauroides , especie propia de logo español de especies amenazadas, fondos más profundos y que en las cha - tales como la lapa herrumbrosa ( Patella farinas domina algunos de los paisajes ferruginea ) ( aPaRici -s eGueR , G uallaRt - submarinos a partir de unos 20 m de FuRió Y ViceNt -R uBeRt , 1995; GuallaRt , profundidad ( temPlado , c alVo , temPlado , c alVo , c aBezas , a ceVedo , moReNo , F loRes , c oNde , a Bad , R uBio , machoRdom Y luque , 2006 ), la nacra lóPez -F é Y oRtiz , 2006 ; maldoNado , (Pinna nobilis ) ( GuallaRt Y temPlado , lóPez -a costa Y sáNchez -t ociNo , 2010) o las bioconstrucciones del vermé - 2012; m aldoNado et al ., 2013 ). a si - tido Dendropoma petraeum (GuallaRt , mismo , destaca la presencia de densas calVo Y caBezas , 2006), del que tam - praderas de Posidonia oceanica en la ver - bién se ha publicado un estudio genético tiente sur de las islas entre unos 3 y 12 (calVo , t emPlado , o liVeRio Y ma- m de profundidad, las más occidentales choRdom , 2008). con la presente contri - de esta angiosperma marina en las bución pretendemos ampliar el conoci - costas africanas ( temPlado , 2008), y de miento sobre los gasterópodos marinos praderas muy dispersas de Cymodocea de las islas. nodosa en la planicie sedimentaria que se extiende entre las islas y la costa (obser - vación personal, JG y Jt). MATERIAL Y METODOS Por otro lado, hasta la fecha se han estudiado algunos grupos de invertebra - el presente trabajo se ha basado dos marinos en los fondos que circundan mayoritariamente en el estudio de 9 las islas, como tardígrados y fauna in - muestras de sedimentos bioclásticos (de tersticial ( VilloRa -m oReNo , 1993; Vi- entre medio litro y un litro), recogidas lloRa -m oReNo Y de zio GRimaldi , mediante buceo con escafandra autó - 1996), poliquetos ( lóPez , s aN maRtíN Y noma (en junio y diciembre de 2005, JiméNez , 1996, lóPez Y saN maRtíN , octubre de 2009 y noviembre de 2012) y 1997 ; lóPez Y teNa , 1999; l óPez Y Viéi - posteriormente secados, cribados, sepa - tez , 1999, entre otros), foronídeos ( emiG , rados y analizados mediante el uso de GaRcía -c aRRascosa ,RoldáN Y Vieítez , una lupa binocular. 1999), picnogónidos ( muNilla Y Nieto , las muestras se han recogido en 1999), hidroideos ( Peña -c aNteRo Y diversos puntos repartidos por el litoral GaRcía -c aRRascosa , 2002), isópodos y fondos marinos del archipiélago en un (castellaNos , h eRNáNdez -V eGa Y Ju- rango batimétrico desde sedimentos NoY , 2003), nemertinos ( FRutos , m oN - explayados hasta 35 m de profundidad talVo Y JuNoY , 1998), o endoproctos (Fig. 1). el objetivo de estas muestras era (saNchez -t ociNo Y tieRNo de FiGue - meramente cualitativo y no cuantitativo, Roa , 2009).
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