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BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE HAER No. LA-29 (Bridge Recall No

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BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE HAER No. LA-29 (Bridge Recall No BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE HAER No. LA-29 (Bridge Recall No. 005800) Carries Louisiana Highway 86 (LA 86) over Bayou Teche New Iberia Iberia Parish Louisiana PHOTOGRAPHS WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA REDUCED COPIES OF MEASURED & INTERPRETIVE DRAWINGS FIELD RECORDS HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20240 HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE (Bridge Recall No. 005800) HAER No. LA-29 Location: Carries Louisiana Highway 86 (LA 86) over Bayou Teche in the city of New Iberia, Iberia Parish, Louisiana. The Bayou Teche Bridge (Bridge Recall No. 005800) is located at latitude 30.00595 north, longitude -91.81699 west.1 The coordinate represents the southeast corner of the bridge. It was obtained in 2016 by plotting its location in Google Earth. The location has no restriction on its release to the public. Present Owner: State of Louisiana. Present Use: Vehicular and pedestrian traffic. When in its open position, the bridge allows for marine traffic on Bayou Teche. Significance: This Scherzer-type, rolling-lift, bascule bridge with steel plate-girder leaves has significance as a distinctive example of the bascule type. Its significance is demonstrated by the presence of distinctive engineering and design features of the rolling-lift bascule bridge type, which is characterized by two opposing bascule leaves that roll to open. Each leaf is balanced by a rear counterweight that descends as each leaf rolls and lifts. The bridge exhibits alterations to the operator’s house that result in a minor loss of integrity, but continues to convey significant design features within the bascule bridge type. This bridge was determined eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) in 2013 under Criterion C: Design/Engineering at the state level of significance.2 Historian: Katie Ohland, Cultural Resources Specialist; Mead & Hunt, Inc. (Mead & Hunt); 2017. Project Information: This documentation was prepared as mitigation to fulfill Stipulation IX.5 of the Programmatic Agreement Among the Federal Highway Administration, the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, and the Louisiana State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding Management of Historic Bridges in Louisiana, dated August 18, 2015, and executed September 21, 2015. The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LADOTD) retained Mead & Hunt to prepare this document. It was prepared by cultural resource specialist Katie Ohland of Mead & Hunt. Dietrich Floeter completed the photography. 1 The bridge is also known as Structure No. 03232370100141. 2 Mead & Hunt, Inc., National Register Eligibility Determination Report: Pre-1971 Louisiana Highway Bridges (prepared for the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, September 2013). BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE HAER No. LA-29 Page 2 Part I. Historical Information A. Physical History: 1. Date(s) of construction: 1940. 2. Engineer: Norman E. Lant and Harry B. Henderlite, Louisiana Highway Commission. 3. Builder/Contractor/Supplier: Vincennes Steel Corporation of Vincennes, Indiana served as the builder/contractor for the project and also supplied much of the steel fabrication. The steel fabrication of the main bascule girders was subcontracted by Vincennes to the Virginia Bridge Company (indicated as Va. Bridge Co.).3 The James Saunders Company of Dayton, Ohio, provided the bridge’s mechanical and electrical equipment.4 4. Original plans and construction: Plans available for the Bayou Teche Bridge include final tracings, as-built, shop drawings, and miscellaneous sheets. The sets of Final Tracings and As- built plan sets were prepared by the Louisiana Highway Commission (LHC). The Plan and Profile sheet is dated 1936. The as-built plan sheets with legible dates that are not standard plans are dated 1939, with several sheets showing changes dated 1941. Shop drawings include plan sets by the James Saunders Company and the Vincennes Steel Corp., with notes on at least three sheets pertaining to the Virginia Bridge Co., all generally dated 1940 and 1941. Copies of the original plan sheets are available in the General Files room at the LADOTD’s Baton Rouge headquarters. Construction of the bridge began in 1939; it was completed in 1940 and opened to traffic in 1941. 5. Alterations and additions: Alterations to the bridge include the replacement of the bridge deck flooring over the main span in 1955. Additionally, modifications have been made to the operator’s house, although the date of these changes is not known. 3 See shop drawing sheets 2, 3, and 4 of 19, Contract 6265, Vincennes Steel Corp. for Bascule over Bayou Teche on Bridge St. in New Iberia, for Louisiana Highway Commission, available in the General Files room, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, La. Though barely legible, each sheet is dated “4-22- 40”; the note on sheet 2 (bascule girder) states “All Material on This Sheet Furnished by Va. Bridge Co.,” with similar note on sheets 3 and 4. 4 See plan set of nine sheets of machinery shop drawings and additional sheets for electrical equipment and wiring for Bayou Teche Bridge prepared by The James Saunders Company, Dayton, Ohio, Manufacturers- Contractors, for The Vincennes Steel Corp, approved January 30, 1940, available in the General Files room, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, La. BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE HAER No. LA-29 Page 3 B. Historical Context: Historical background Depression-era federal relief programs kept the highway building boom of the 1920s alive through the 1930s. Federal projects dwindled after 1938, however, as New Deal programs wound down. The infrastructure construction boom of this era also came to an end as the U.S. became involved in World War II.5 During the period, bridge designs and construction projects in Louisiana were completed by the LHC’s Bridge Department. The Bayou Teche Bridge was constructed at the tail end of federal work relief efforts but did not receive funds through those programs. Instead, the bridge was funded by the State of Louisiana’s General Fund for bridge and highway construction.6 Design and construction of the Bayou Teche Bridge Necessitated by a population increase in New Iberia during the 1930s, the Bayou Teche Bridge was built in 1939-1940. Two earlier structures had existed on the site: a pontoon first used in 1851 and a steel and wood bridge built by the City of New Iberia in 1896. The crossing served not only the downtown, but also the heavily populated surrounding rural areas of the Loreauville and the West Atchafalaya basin. Upon completion, the new span was the only double-leaf, Scherzer-type, rolling-lift, bascule bridge in the state of Louisiana. The generous 15'-0" vertical clearance allowed more vessels to pass below, reducing the number of bascule openings. Combined with the fast opening and closing times of the electrically powered bridge, the overall effect was to substantially reduce the impact on traffic flow of both vehicles and vessels, making it “a superior type of bridge for use on this busy thoroughfare,” according to a news report of the opening.7 While construction of the bridge began in November 1939, planning for the structure commenced several years earlier.8 In 1936 the U.S. War Department approved the clearance of the bridge above the Bayou Teche.9 Norman E. Lant and Harry B. Henderlite, prominent and influential LHC engineers, designed the bridge.10 The shop drawings indicate that the James Saunders Company of Dayton, Ohio, supplied the bridge’s mechanical and electrical equipment and the Virginia (Va.) Bridge Company fabricated the key 5 Louisiana Highway Commission, Biennial Report of the Louisiana Highway Commission of the State of Louisiana (Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana Highway Commission, 1938-1939), 13-18; Mead & Hunt, Inc., Historic Context for Louisiana Bridges (prepared for the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, 2013), 27. 6 Louisiana Highway Commission, Biennial Report of the Louisiana Highway Commission of the State of Louisiana, 28-29. 7 “New Iberia Span, Costing $152,000, to Open Sunday,” The Times-Picayune, January 18, 1941. The bascule span was engineered for an opening time of 1.5 minutes; see note below “Partial List of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment” in plan sheet titled “74’ Rolling Lift Bascule Span, 30’-0” Roadway-2-5’-0” Sidewalks,” Louisiana Highway Commission, July 1939, in both the as-built and final tracings plan sets, available in the General Files room, Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development, Baton Rouge, La. 8 “New Iberia Span, Costing $152,000, to Open Sunday.” 9 “Clearances Approved,” The Times-Picayune, January 11, 1936. 10 “New Iberia Span, Costing $152,000, To Open Sunday,” 14. BAYOU TECHE BRIDGE HAER No. LA-29 Page 4 steel bascule girders. The Vincennes Steel Corporation provided the remainder of the steel fabrication. The operator’s house is the only major component of the bridge that, according to the plans, followed an LHC standard plan.11 Born in Evansville, Indiana, in 1889, Lant was educated at Purdue University, graduating ca. 1913 with a civil engineering degree.12 He worked as the head of bridge engineering within the LHC (later the Louisiana Department of Highways [LDH]) from 1922 to 1955. As Bridge Engineer, he oversaw the design and construction, whether in-house or through consultants, of every major bridge in the state for 33 years. He was perhaps the single most important engineer and bridge designer in the Bridge Department in the first half of the twentieth century.13 Henderlite was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1893. In the 1920s he worked as a civil engineer in North Carolina’s highway department and as State Highway Commissioner.14 In 1929 he was one of five 15 engineers in North Carolina recruited to Louisiana by Governor Huey Long.
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