Case Studies of Women in New Hampshire Politics
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Case studies of women in New Hampshire politics: An exploration of the barriers and supports for political candidates and incumbents By Kathy L. DesRoches Submitted to Plymouth State University College of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Education September 30, 2014 AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Kathy L. DesRoches for the degree of Doctor of Education in Learning, Leadership and Community presented on September 30, 2014. Title: Case Studies of Women in New Hampshire politics: An exploration of the barriers and supports for political candidates and incumbents Abstract approved: __________________________________________________________ Pamela L. Clark, Ph.D. Dissertation Committee Chair The intent of this study was to discover what could be learned from the experiences of the five women in elected political leadership roles in New Hampshire that would be instructive to other women interested in seeking public office and could be used to encourage and support more women candidates. Using a multiple case study approach, each woman was interviewed and books, newspapers accounts, and other electronic documents were used as supporting documentation. The results of the women’s stories revealed that relationships and prior experience provide foundational support for women running for office. Relationships offer opportunities for recruitment, mentoring, and networking. Experience helps women to gain the skills, wisdom, and confidence to run for and succeed in office. While the women described fundraising and balancing their families and careers as challenging, they did not identify either of these or any other factor as a barrier in their journeys to public office in New Hampshire. ©Copyright by Kathy L. DesRoches September 30, 2014 All Rights Reserved Running Head: CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN i Case studies of women in New Hampshire politics: An exploration of the barriers and supports for political candidates and incumbents By Kathy L. DesRoches A DISSERTATION Submitted to Plymouth State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Defended September 30, 2014 Degree Conferred December 1, 2014 CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE POLITICS ii Dissertation of Kathy L. DesRoches Presented on September 30, 2014 APPROVED: Pamela L. Clark, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Chair Kathleen C. McCabe, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Christie Sweeney, Ed.D., Dissertation Committee Gail Mears, PsyD., Interim Associate Vice President for the College of Graduate Studies I understand that my dissertation will become part of the permanent collection of Plymouth State University, Lamson Learning Commons. My signature below authorizes release of my dissertation to any reader upon request. Kathy L. DesRoches, Author CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE POLITICS iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to express my gratitude to the women who allowed me to interview them for this work: House Minority Leader Liz Hager, Senate Minority Leader Sylvia Larsen, Speaker Terie Norelli, Councilor Debora Pignatelli, and Senator Jeanne Shaheen. This project could not have been completed without their assistance. I want to thank my chair, Dr. Pamela Clark, who has provided support and guidance throughout my process and my committee Dr. Kathleen McCabe, who has left oranges for me along this journey, and Dr. Christie Sweeney, and the faculty at PSU. I will always remember the day when I realized that this was the perfect program for me. I want to recognize my doctoral cohort. The cohort has scaffolded me through the past four years and I’m grateful. We have shared a lot; they’ve become friends and colleagues. I want to acknowledge the librarians at Manchester Community College. They have been cheerful despite my endless requests for interlibrary loans. I would like to dedicate this work to my husband: Stuart Thompson and three of the most important women in my life: my grandmother, Evelyn Foss; my sister, Lisa Nugent; and my niece, Monique DesRoches. CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE POLITICS iv Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Literature Review .............................................................................................. 5 Barriers to Running for Office ............................................................................................ 6 Supports for Running for Office ....................................................................................... 21 Women in New Hampshire ............................................................................................... 34 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 36 Chapter 3: Methodology .................................................................................................. 38 Approach ........................................................................................................................... 38 Approaches to Qualitative Research ................................................................................. 39 Research Questions ........................................................................................................... 42 Setting ............................................................................................................................... 42 Participants ........................................................................................................................ 45 Ethical Considerations ...................................................................................................... 48 Chapter 4: Presentation of the Data ................................................................................. 50 The Study and the Researcher ........................................................................................... 50 Data Collection and Analysis............................................................................................ 55 Results of the Study .......................................................................................................... 59 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 104 CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE POLITICS v Chapter 5: Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations ........................................... 108 National and State Political Context ............................................................................... 108 Summary of the Literature Reviewed ............................................................................. 110 Themes from this Study .................................................................................................. 111 Implications for Women Who May Wish to Seek Office ............................................... 112 Implications for Encouraging More Women to Run ...................................................... 119 Recommendation for Further Study................................................................................ 123 Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 124 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 124 Appendix A ..................................................................................................................... 143 Appendix B ..................................................................................................................... 147 Appendix C ..................................................................................................................... 148 CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN IN NEW HAMPSHIRE POLITICS vi Abstract The intent of this study was to discover what could be learned from the experiences of the five women in elected political leadership roles in New Hampshire that would be instructive to other women interested in seeking public office and could be used to encourage and support more women candidates. Using a multiple case study approach, each woman was interviewed and books, newspapers accounts, and other electronic sources were used as supporting documentation. The results of the women’s stories revealed that relationships and prior experience provide foundational support for women running for office. Relationships offer opportunities for recruitment, mentoring, and networking. Experience helps women to gain the skills, wisdom, and confidence to run for and succeed in office. While the women described fundraising and balancing their families and careers as challenging, they did not identify either of these or any other factor as a barrier in their journeys to public office in New Hampshire. Key words: New Hampshire, politics, women, recruitment, campaigns, mentor. CASE STUDIES OF WOMEN IN N.H. POLITICS 1 Chapter 1: Introduction In the