35-2018 ABPA Conf

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Backflow Prevention Institute

Who We Are The

Group

What is Potable Water How Much Potable Water is Available?

• Water that is safe to • Less than three percent drink of the water on our • Water that can be used planet is considered for culinary purposes potable water that is and is pleasing in safe to drink. appearance and odor • Of that three percent, • Water that has a almost half in frozen pleasant taste into the worlds existing • It is not pure water glaciers. • It is not distilled water

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 1 As the World Population Grow United States Water Use More Potable Water is Needed • As Expected the United States at 152 gallons per person per day is the largest water using on the planet • We are also the largest energy user on the planet

We Celebrate Water Water is Being Wasted

• The United States suffers about 240,000 water main breaks annually and the country loses approximately 6 billion gallons a day, enough water to supply the entire state of California.

Clean Safe Drinking Water is a Basic Conditions for substances to enter Human Right the potable water supply • According to the World 1. A conduit must exist for fluid flow – a cross-connection. Health Organization the 2. A difference in pressure reverses the direction of flow – lack of access to clean backflow. water and sanitation kills children at a rate equivalent of a jumbo jet crashing every ten hours. • Water should never be wasted.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 2 CROSS-CONNECTION What is Backflow?

• A connection between the potable water • Backflow is the reversal of the flow of water in supply and any material that renders or could a piping system from the normally intended potentially render the potable water supply direction of flow non-potable is called a CROSS-CONNECTION • There are two types of Backflow • CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL is the use so • Backpressure assemblies, devices, methods, and procedures • Backsiphonage to prevent the contamination or pollution of a potable water supply

Terminology - Backpressure Backpressure Creation

The downstream pressure becomes greater than the upstream or supply pressure as a result of either a reduction in the supply pressure or an increase in the system or downstream pressure. – The pressure must be greater than atmospheric pressure because no vacuum is produced.

Backpressure Creation Terminology - Backsiphonage

• Backsiphonage results from the creation of a siphon being formed in the piping system. • It occurs when the system pressure is below atmospheric pressure or a negative gauge pressure exists.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 3 300 feet of a 42” water pipeline from Folsom Lake collapsed on itself as a vacuum was created inside it when it was being Cross Connection Types dewatered. • Direct Connection – A permanent or piped physical connection capable of allowing both backpressure and backsiphonage. • Indirect Connection – A plumbing arrangement allowing backsiphonage only.

Cross Connection Control Cross Connection Control Isolation Containment • Suppliers frequently require a backflow • Controlling a cross-connection at its point of prevention assembly at the service use is a practice known as isolation. connection. • The plumbing code instructs that each cross- • This type of protection is known as connection must be identified and controlled containment. through the use of a mechanical backflow preventer or a physical air-gap separation.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 4 The Code Wars Model Plumbing Codes

Model Plumbing Codes Code Words

• Shall: A mandatory requirement • Should: A recommendation • Performance: The means to an end. Many routes to the same destination • Prescriptive: We explain the one and only way to get there • AHJ: the Authority Having Jurisdiction

UPC Table 603.2 Uniform Plumbing Code

• Table 603.2 is an application table which • 602.2 No person shall make a connection or allow one (1) to exist between pipes or conduits carrying domestic water includes specific installation requirements, supplied by any public or private building supply system, and product standard numbers, the degree of any pipes, conduits, or fixtures containing or carrying water hazard protection, proper names, and the from any other source or containing or carrying water that has been used for any purpose whatsoever, or any piping carrying type of backflow ( backpressure, chemicals, liquids, gases, or any substances whatsoever, backsiphonage, or both types) protection unless there is provided a backflow prevention device provided for backflow prevention methods approved for the potential hazard and maintained in accordance with this code. Each point of use shall be ,devices, and assemblies. separately protected when potential cross contamination of individual units exists.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 5 Uniform Plumbing Code Uniform Plumbing Code

• 602.3 No plumbing fixture, device, or construction shall be • 603.4.8 Drain lines serving backflow devices or assemblies installed or maintained or shall be connected to any domestic shall be sized in accordance with the discharge rates of the water supply when such installation or connection provides a manufacturer’s flow charts of such devices or assemblies. possibility of polluting such water supply or cross connection • 603.5.10 Potable water connections to steam or hot water between a distributing system of water for drinking and boilers shall be protected from backflow by a double check domestic purposes and water that becomes contaminated by valve backflow prevention assembly or reduced pressure such plumbing fixture, device, or construction unless there is principle backflow prevention assembly in accordance with provided a backflow prevention device approved for the Table 603.2. Where chemicals are introduced into the system potential hazard. 602.4 No water piping supplied by any a reduced pressure principle assembly backflow prevention private water supply system shall be connected to any other assembly shall be provide in accordance with Table 603.2. source of supply without the approval of the Authority Having Jurisdiction, Health Department, or other department having jurisdiction.

Uniform Plumbing Code Uniform Plumbing Code

• 603.5.15 Health Care or Laboratory Areas. Vacuum breakers • 603.5.18.1 Dialysis Water Systems. The individual for washer-hose bedpans shall be located not less than five connections of the dialysis related equipment to the dialysis (5) feet (1,524 mm) above the floor. Hose connections in pure water system shall not require additional backflow health care or laboratory areas shall be not less than six (6) protection. feet (1,829 mm) above the floor. • 603.5.19 Plumbing Fixture Fittings. Plumbing fixture fittings • 603.5.16 Portable cleaning equipment, dental vacuum pumps, with integral backflow protection shall comply with ASME and chemical dispensers shall be protected from backflow by A112.18.1/CSA B 125.1. an airgap, an atmospheric vacuum breaker, a spill-resistant • 603.5.20 Potable water supply to swimming pools, spas and vacuum breaker, or a reduced pressure principle backflow hot tubs shall be protected by an airgap or a reduced pressure preventer. principle backflow preventer in accordance with the following: (1) The unit is equipped with a submerged fill line; or (2) The potable water supply is directly connected to the unit circulation system.

Identification of Potable and 604.2 Lead Content Non-Potable Water Systems • The maximum allowable lead content in pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fixtures intended to convey or dispense water for human consumption shall be not more than a weighted average of 0.25 percent with respect to the wetted surfaces of pipes, pipe fittings, plumbing fittings, and fixtures.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 6 604.2 Lead Content What are the considerations?

• For solder and flux, the • The Degree of Hazard lead content shall be • The Type of Backflow Which May Occur not more than 0.2 percent where used in • System Type piping systems that • Pressure Requirements convey or dispense • water for human Location consumption. • Containment or Isolation Protection • Installation Requirements

Degree of Hazard Accessible? • Non Health Hazard (Pollutant) – Non-Health, Aesthetic Hazard • Food Products • Non-Toxic Fluids • Static Water Lines

• Health Hazard (Contaminant) – Health, Toxic Hazard • Chemicals • Sewage • Industrial fluids

Air-gap Separation Air-Gap Issues

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 7 Uniform Plumbing Code Chapter 2015 UPC Chapter Six Six Addresses Thermal Expansion • 608.3 A water system provided with a check valve, backflow • 603.4.4 Direct connections between potable water piping preventer, or other normally closed device that prevents and sewer-connected wastes shall not be permitted to exist dissipation of building pressure back into the water main, under any condition with or without backflow protection. independent of the type of water heater used, shall be Where potable water is discharged to the drainage system, it provided with an approved, listed, and adequately sized shall be by means of an approved airgap of two pipe expansion tank or other approved device having a similar diameters of the supply inlet, but in no case shall the gap be function to control thermal expansion. Such expansion tank or less than 1 inch (25.4 mm). Connection shall be permitted to other approved device shall be installed on the building side be made to the inlet side of a trap provided that an approved of the check valve, backflow preventer, or other device and vacuum breaker is installed not less than 6 inches (152 mm), shall be sized and installed in accordance with the or the distance according to the device’s listing, above the manufacturer’s installation instructions. flood-level rim of such trapped fixture, so that at no time will such device be subjected to backpressure.

Fill Valve/Ballcock ASSE 1002 Flushometer ASSE 1037 Standard Standard • Low or high hazard • High and low hazard protection protection • Backsiphonage • Backsiphonage protection protection • Non-testable • Non-testable device • Must have a minimum • Must be installed with air-gap of one inch the critical level of the above the toilet tank tailpiece six inches overflow tube above the fixture flood rim

ASSE 1011 Hose Connection ASSE 1037 Standard Flush Tanks Vacuum Breaker • High and low hazard • High and low hazard protection protection • Backsiphonage • Non-testable protection • Contains one check • Non-testable device valve • Must be installed in accordance with manufacturers specifications

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 8 ASSE 1052 Hose Connection ASSE 1057 Standard Freeze Resistant Sanitary Backflow Preventer Yard Hydrant with Backflow Protection • High and low hazard protection • Testable using an ASSE procedure • Contains two check valves • Will work under low head backpressure (maximum 10 ft. head)

Uniform Plumbing Code Uniform Plumbing Code

• 603.5.17 Potable Water Outlets and Valves. • 1007.1 General. Floor drain or similar traps Potable water outlets, freeze-proof yard directly connected to the drainage system and hydrants, combination stop-and-waste valves, subject to infrequent use shall be protected or other fixtures that incorporate a stop and with a trap seal primer, except where not waste feature that drains into the ground shall deemed necessary for safety or sanitation by not be installed underground. the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Trap seal primers shall be accessible for maintenance

ASSE Standard 1035 Laboratory 603.5.21 Chemical Dispensers Faucet Backflow Preventer • Two independent check • The water supply to chemical dispensers shall be protected valves and an against backflow. atmospheric vent • The chemical dispenser shall comply with ASSE 1055 or the water supply shall be protected by one of the following • High and low hazard methods: protection (1) Air gap • Backsiphonage and low (2) Atmospheric vacuum breaker (AVB) (3) Pressure vacuum breaker backflow prevention assembly (PVB) hazard backpressure (4) Spill-resistant pressure vacuum breaker (SVB) conditions (5) Reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention assembly (RP) • Non continuous pressure situations only

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 9 ASSE Standard 1055 Chemical Installation issues Dispensing Systems • Type B devices do not pressure the chemicals above atmospheric pressure, the only backpressure potential comes from an elevated hose

Side Kick in Action Beverage Equipment Devices

2015 UPC 2015 UPC

• 603.5.12 Beverage Dispensers. Potable water • 603.4.7 Freeze Protection. In cold climate supply to beverage dispensers, carbonated areas, backflow assemblies and devices shall beverage dispensers, or coffee machines shall be protected from freezing with an outdoor be protected by an airgap or a vented enclosure in accordance with ASSE 1060, or by backflow preventer in accordance with ASSE a method acceptable to the Authority Having 1022. For carbonated beverage dispensers, Jurisdiction. piping material installed downstream of the backflow preventer shall not be affected by carbon dioxide gas.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 10 Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker ASSE AVB Code Requirements 1001 Standard • The purpose of a vacuum breaker is to prevent backsiphonage. • The atmospheric vacuum breaker consists of a valve that allows air into the piping system for the purpose of stopping a siphon.

Uniform Plumbing Code Uniform Plumbing Code

• 603.5.13 Deck-mounted or equipment- • 603.5.1 Water closet and urinal flushometer mounted vacuum breakers shall be installed in valves shall be equipped with an atmospheric accordance with their listing and the vacuum breaker. The vacuum breaker shall be manufacturer’s instructions, with the critical installed on the discharge side of the level not less than one (1) inch (25.4 mm) flushometer valve with the critical level not above the flood-level rim. less than six (6) inches (152 mm), or the distance according to its listing, above the overflow rim of a water closet bowl or the highest part of a urinal.

What’s Wrong?? AVB Code Requirements

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 11 What’s Wrong?? What’s Wrong??

Pressure Vacuum Breaker Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB) Assemblies • A testable assembly. UPC Section 603.3.5 • Air-inlet valve is force- • A pressure vacuum backflow prevention loaded to an open position with a minimum breaker assembly consists of a loaded air inlet of 1.0 psi loading. valve, an internally loaded check valve, two • Provides high-hazard or properly located test cocks, and two isolation health hazard protection. valves. The assembly shall be permitted to be installed indoors where provisions for spillage are provided.

Code Requirements Code Requirements

• UPC Section 603.4 • UPC Section 603.4.2 • General requirements. Assemblies shall • Testing. The premise owner or responsible comply with listed standards and be person shall have the backflow prevention acceptable to the Authority Having assembly tested by a certified backflow Jurisdiction over the selection and installation assembly tester at the time of installation, of backflow prevention assemblies. repair, or relocation and not less than on an annual schedule thereafter or more often where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 12 Code Requirements Installation Requirements

• UPC Section 603.4.2 • Testing. The periodic testing shall be preformed in accordance with procedures referenced in the ASSE Series 5000 by a tester qualified in accordance with those standards

Spill-Resistant Vacuum Breaker Spill-Resistant Pressure Vacuum (SVB) Breaker Assembly • Next-generation pressure • 2015 UPC Section 603.3.6 type vacuum breaker that will not spill water. • A pressure- type vacuum breaker backflow • Components not required prevention assembly consists of one check to be independent of valve force loaded closed and an air inlet valve each other. force loaded open to atmosphere, positioned • Field testable. downstream of the check valve, and located between and including two tightly closing shutoff valves and test cocks.

Code Requirements Code Requirements

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 13 Code Requirements Is This Installation Correct?

• UPC Section 603.4.2 • Testing. The periodic testing shall be preformed in accordance with procedures referenced in the ASSE Series 5000 by a tester qualified in accordance with those standards

Double Check Valve Assembly Proper Installation? (DCVA)

• Consists of 2 tightly closing shut-off valves. • 2 independently acting check valves force loaded to a closed position and. • 4 properly located test cocks.

Code Requirements Code Requirements

• UPC Section 603.3.4 • UPC Section 603.4.2 • Double Check Valve Backflow Prevention • Testing. The premise owner or responsible Assembly (DC). A double check valve backflow person shall have the backflow prevention prevention assembly consists of two assembly tested by a certified backflow independently acting internally loaded check assembly tester at the time of installation, valves, four properly located test cocks and repair, or relocation and not less than on an two isolation valves. annual schedule thereafter or more often where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 14 Double Check Detector Assembly Code Requirements (DCDA)

• UPC Section 603.4.2 • The Double Check • Testing. The periodic testing shall be Detector Assembly is a preformed in accordance with procedures hybrid backflow referenced in the ASSE Series 5000 by a tester preventer. • It was developed from qualified in accordance with those standards combining the fire- sprinkler industry’s single check detector (a check with a bypass meter) and a DCVA.

Double Check Detector Assembly Code Requirements (DCDA) Type Two • UPC Section 603.3.8 • Double Check Detector Fire Protection Backflow Prevention Assembly. A double check valve backflow prevention assembly with a parallel detector consisting of a water meter and a double check valve backflow prevention assembly

Reduced Pressure Principle Dual Check vs Double Check Assembly (RP) • Senses pressure at the inlet and outlet of check valve 1 • Remains closed if supply pressure is greater than zone pressure • Opens if the difference in pressure between the supply and zone is reduced

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 15 RP Operation Code Requirements

• UPC Section 603.3.7 • Reduced-Pressure Principle Backflow Prevention Assembly (RP). A reduced-pressure principle backflow prevention assembly consists of two independently acting internally loaded check valves, a differential pressure relief valve, four properly located test cocks, and two isolation valves.

Code Requirements Proper Installation?

• UPC Section 603.4 • General requirements. Assemblies shall comply with listed standards and be acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction over the selection and installation of backflow prevention assemblies.

Approved Vertical Install? Approved Vertical Install?

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 16 Approved Vertical Install? What’s Missing?

What Wrong with This Assembly? Code Requirements

• UPC Section 603.4.2 • Testing. The premise owner or responsible person shall have the backflow prevention assembly tested by a certified backflow assembly tester at the time of installation, repair, or relocation and not less than on an annual schedule thereafter or more often where required by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.

Code Requirements Even When You Try To Do It Right

• UPC Section 603.4.2 • Testing. The periodic testing shall be preformed in accordance with procedures referenced in the ASSE Series 5000 by a tester qualified in accordance with those standards

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 17 Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly Type Two

Code Requirements Trying To Do The Right Thing

• UPC Section 603.3.9 • Reduced Pressure Detector Fire Protection Backflow Prevention Assembly. A reduced pressure backflow prevention assembly with a parallel detector assembly consisting of a water meter and a reduced pressure principle assembly (RP)

603.5.6 Lawn Sprinklers & Irrigation Systems 603.5.18 Pure Water Process Systems • Where no pumps or chemical injection exists: • The water supply to a pure water process system, – Shall be protected by AVB, PVB, such as dialysis water systems, semiconductor SVB, RP washing systems, and similar process piping systems, shall be protected from back-pressure and back- • Where pumps or backpressure may exist: siphonage by a reduced-pressure principle backflow – Shall be protected by RP preventer.

• Where backflow protection already exists: – Shall be protected by AVB, PVB, SVB, RP

• Where systems include chemical injector:

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 18 603.5.18.1 Dialysis Water Systems Water Filters

• The individual connections of the dialysis related equipment to the dialysis pure water system shall not require additional backflow protection.

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Water Softener Drain Wet Standpipe Problems

2015 Uniform Plumbing Code Uniform Plumbing Code

603.5.14 Protection from Fire Systems. (1) Double check valve backflow prevention • Except as provided under Section 603.5.14.1 and assembly (DCVA) Section 603.5.13.2, potable water supplies to fire (2) Double check detector fire protection protection systems that are normally under pressure, backflow prevention assembly (DCDA) including but not limited to standpipes and automatic sprinkler systems, except in one- or two- (3) Reduced pressure principle backflow family or townhouse residential sprinkler systems, prevention assembly (RP) piped in materials approved for potable water (4) Reduced pressure detector fire protection distribution systems shall be protected from backflow prevention assembly (RPDA) backpressure and backsiphonage by one of the following testable devices:

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 19 Uniform Plumbing Code Uniform Plumbing Code

603.5.14.2 Chemicals. Where antifreeze, 603.5.14.3 Hydraulic Design. Where a backflow device corrosion inhibitors, or other chemicals are is installed in the potable water supply to a fire added to a fire protection system supplied from protection system, the hydraulic design of the system shall account for the pressure drop through the a potable water supply, the potable water backflow device. Where such devices are retrofitted for system shall be protected by one of the an existing fire protection system, the hydraulics of the following: sprinkler system design shall be checked to verify that • (1) Reduced pressure principle backflow there will be sufficient water pressure available for prevention assembly (RP) satisfactory operation of the fire sprinklers. • (2) Reduced pressure detector fire protection backflow prevention assembly

Fire Hydrants

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 20 Installation: NFPA 13 Installation NFPA 13

NFPA 13 2015 Uniform Plumbing Code

603.5.14.1 Fire Department Connection. Where fire protection systems supplied from a potable water system include a fire department (Siamese) connection that is located less than 1700 feet (518.2 m) from a nonpotable water source that is capable of being used by the fire department as a secondary water supply, the potable water supply shall be protected by one of the following:(1) Reduced pressure principle backflow prevention assembly (RP) • (2) Reduced pressure detector fire protection backflow prevention assembly

Questions?

2018 ABPA Annual Conference Orlando, Florida 21