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DYING to ENTERTAIN Violence on Prime Time Broadcast TV 1998 to 2006

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DYING to ENTERTAIN Violence on Prime Time Broadcast TV 1998 to 2006 special-report-dte-jan07-final.i1 1 1/16/2007 10:16:36 PM PARENTS TELEVISION COUNCIL™ L. Brent Bozell III Founder Tim Winter President Mark Barnes Senior Consultant Melissa Caldwell TABLE OF CONTENTS Senior Director of Programs Casey Williams Executive Summary ............................. 1 Content Manager Major Findings ..................................... 1 Aubree Bowling Senior Entertainment Analyst Effects of Television Violence Caroline Schulenburg, on Youth ....................................... 3 Christopher Gildemeister, Background .......................................... 5 Josh Shirlen, Nicole Tomkins, Joseph Bozell Study Parameters & Methodology ..... 6 Entertainment Analysts Statistical Overview ............................. 6 Glen Erickson Manager of Advertiser Prorgrams Examples ............................................... 8 Dan Isett 2003-2004 TV Season.................. 8 Director of Corporate & Government Affairs 2004-2005 TV Season.................. 9 Christiana Hills 2005-2006 TV Season................ 11 Director of Marketing & Grassroots Communications Conclusion & Recommendations..... 14 Tod Steward Director of Marketing for Statistical Appendix ........................... 16 Membership Expansion About the PTC .................................... 20 Gavin McKiernan National Grassroots Director Kevin Granich Assistant to the Grassroots Director Regina Tercero Director of Finance & Admin. Julie Feuerbacher Director of Development Robert Shear Resource Development Manager FOR MEDIA INQUIRIES Marty Waddell PLEASE CONTACT Eastern Regional Development Representative Kelly Oliver Dan Bodwell CRC Public Relations Western Regional (703) 683-5004 Development Representative Tracy Ferrell Development Assistant Larry Irvin Development Associate Jane Dean Office & Graphics Admin. Michelle Curtis, James Maxon, Joseph Mendez, Christopher Jones, Andrew Bowser Interns PTC’S HOLLYWOOD HEADQUARTERS 707 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 2075 Los Angeles, CA 90017 • (213) 629-9255 The PTC is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit research and education foundation. © Copyright 2007 – Parents Television Council special-report-dte-jan07-final.i2 2 1/16/2007 10:16:43 PM A PARENTS TELEVISION COUNCIL SPECIAL REPORT • JANUARY 10, 2007 DYING TO ENTERTAIN Violence on Prime Time Broadcast TV 1998 to 2006 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TV violence has become a paradox of sorts. l ABC experienced the biggest increase in violent Medical and social science have proven conclusively content overall. In 1998, ABC averaged .93 that children are adversely affected by exposure to instances of violence per hour during prime time. it – yet millions of parents think nothing of letting By 2006, ABC was averaging 3.8 instances of their children watch C.S.I. or other, equally violent violence per hour — an increase of 309%. programs. Prominent leaders in the entertainment l Fox, the second-most violent network in 1998, industry publicly decry violent entertainment – but experienced the smallest increase. Fox averaged then continue to produce and distribute it. Despite the 3.43 instances of violence per hour in 1998 and widespread consensus that TV violence is a significant 3.84 instances of violence per hour by 2006 — an problem, it has become not only more frequent, but increase of only 12%. more graphic in recent years. Indeed, the television l Violent scenes increasingly include a sexual season that began in the fall of 2005 was one of element. Rapists, sexual predators and fetishists the most violent in recent history — averaging 4.41 are cropping up with increasing frequency on instances of violence per hour during prime time — an prime time programs like Law and Order: S.V.U., increase of 75% since the 1998 television season. C.S.I., C.S.I. Miami, C.S.I. New York, Medium, Dying to Entertain is the PTC’s second examination Crossing Jordan, Prison Break, E.R. and House. of TV violence during prime time on the six major broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox, UPN and the WB). Using the previous report, TV Bloodbath On an Hour-by-Hour Basis: (released in December 2003 and analyzing content l Every network experienced an increase in violence from the 1998, 2000, and 2002 television seasons) as during the 9:00 and 10:00 hours between 1998 a baseline, the PTC discerned some longitudinal trends and the 2005-2006 television season. and qualitative differences over the past eight years. For l ABC experienced the biggest increase in violent this Special Report, PTC analysts reviewed programming content during the Family Hour. In 1998 ABC from the first two weeks of the November, February was the least-violent network, averaging only .13 and May sweeps during the 2003-2004, 2004-2005, instances of violence per hour. By 2006, ABC was and 2005-2006 television seasons for a total of 1,187.5 averaging 2.23 instances of violence per hour, an programming hours. increase of 1615.4%. l UPN and Fox were the only networks to feature less violence during the Family Hour in 2005- MAJOR FINDINGS: 2006 than in 1998. Violence on Fox decreased by 18%, and on UPN by 83%. Between 1998 and 2006: l ABC experienced the biggest increase in violent l Violence increased in every time slot: content during the 9:00 hour, jumping from .31 instances per hour in 1998 to 5.71 instances per 4 Violence during the 8:00 p.m. Family hour during the 2005-2006 season – an increase of Hour has increased by 45% 1,742%. 4 Violence during the 9:00 p.m. hour has l NBC experienced the biggest increase in violent increased by 92% content – 635% – during the 10:00 hour, from 2 4 Violence during the 10:00 p.m. hour has instances of violence per hour in 1998 to nearly increased by 167% 15 instances of violence per hour in 2005-2006. special-report-dte-jan07-final.i3 3 1/16/2007 10:16:44 PM 2 DYING TO ENTERTAIN: Violence on Prime Time Broadcast TV: 1998 to 2006 • PARENTS TELEVISION COUNCIL • JANUARY 10, 2007 During the 2005-2006 Season: Violence on television continues unabated despite the overwhelming evidence pointing to a direct and l Nearly half (49%) of all episodes airing during the causal relationship between violent entertainment study period contained at least one instance of products and aggressive behavior in children. Yet the violence. only solution offered by the entertainment industry thus l The WB network had the highest frequency of far has been the V-Chip. But the V-Chip is no solution. violence during the Family Hour during the 2005- The PTC’s research shows that every broadcast ’06 season with an average of 3.74 incidents of network has had problems with the accurate and violence per hour. consistent application of content descriptors (D, S, L, or V) which are l CBS was the most violent network during the 9:00 hour Violence on designed to work in conjunction with the V-Chip to help parents during the 2005-’06 season with television continues an average of 7.53 instances of block objectionable programming. violence per hour. unabated despite A study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found that content l ABC’s short-lived series Night the overwhelming descriptors are not being used on Stalker was the most violent evidence pointing to the vast majority of general audience program on television in the shows containing sex, violence, 2005-2006 television season. a direct and causal or adult language. Eight out of 10 In the sole, one-hour episode relationship between television shows with violent or that aired during the study sexual behavior did not receive the period there were 26 instances violent entertainment V or S content descriptors. Children’s of violence. products and programs also contain a significant l Every episode of every program amount of violence, most of which airing on NBC in the 10:00 hour aggressive behavior is not indicated by a FV content during the 2005-’06 season in children. Yet the descriptor. contained at least one instance Clearly, we need a better of violence. On a per-hour basis, only solution offered solution. NBC’s 10:00 programming by the entertainment Advertisers have a role to play averaged an alarming 14.69 in curbing TV violence. Using their instances of violence. industry thus far has unique position of influence, they can l 56% of all violence on prime been the V-Chip. encourage broadcasters to reduce time network television during But the V-Chip is no the frequency and explicitness of TV the 2005-2006 season was violence. person-on-person violence. solution. Broadcast affiliates, too, can play a role by preempting excessively l For each hour of prime time, violent programs and refusing to air CBS had the highest percentage violent programs in syndication during times of day of deaths depicted on screen during the 2005-’06 when children are watching TV. season. During the 8:00 hour, 66% of violent Many lawmakers have proposed legislation to scenes depicted a death. During the 9:00 and curb TV violence, but all attempts to legislatively address 10:00 hours 68% of violent scenes depicted a this problem have failed on First Amendment grounds. death. Perhaps it is time for Congress to revisit this issue l Across the board, 54% of violent scenes contained and consider including violence in the category of either a depiction of death (13%) or an implied “indecent” content that can be regulated by the Federal death (41%) during the 2005-’06 season. Communications Commission. special-report-dte-jan07-final.i4 4 1/16/2007 10:16:44 PM DYING TO ENTERTAIN: Violence on Prime Time Broadcast TV: 1998 to 2006 • PARENTS TELEVISION COUNCIL • JANUARY 10, 2007 3 DYING TO ENTERTAIN Violence on Prime Time Broadcast TV 1998 to 2006 JANUARY 10, 2007 I. The Effects of Television In addition to aggressive attitudes and behaviors, research suggests that televised violence influences Violence on Youth youth in other important ways. Viewing violent Since its inception, adults have been concerned content is associated with intense emotional about the potential negative influences of television responses of fear and anxiety among both children on children and adolescents, particularly through and teenagers.
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