DOCSLIB.ORG

The Historical Development of Labour Standards

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Historical Development of Labour Standards The Historical Development of Labour Standards by Mohammad Ferdosi B.A., Simon Fraser University, 2011 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Mohammad Ferdosi 2016 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2016 Approval Name: Mohammad Ferdosi Degree: Master of Arts (Sociology) Title: The Historical Development of Labour Standards Examining Committee: Chair: Susan Erikson Associate Professor Gary Teeple Senior Supervisor Professor Kendra Strauss Supervisor Assistant Professor Allen Seager Associate Professor (retired) External Examiner Department of History Date Defended/Approved: August 10, 2016 ii Abstract This study was developed to examine the underlying nature of labour standards and to trace their development at the national, international and transnational levels over the course of almost two centuries. We try to provide an alternative account of the meaning of labour standards and to show how different social structures, historical events and social actions combined to frame their evolution across three geographical scales in ways far more complex, dynamic and contradictory than conventionally portrayed in the academic literature. The thesis attempts to trace the decades-long struggle for labour standards to their highest level of development in the 1970s, but it concludes, to emphasise their contradiction with the accumulation of capital, with a brief discussion of the neoliberal period when capital gained the upper hand in the class struggle and began to reverse what labour had won in the previous decades. Keywords: labour standards; means and markers of class struggle; welfare state; capitalist crisis; retrenchment iii Dedication To my old man and truck drivers everywhere If you bought it, a trucker brought it iv Acknowledgements I would like to extend my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my family for their encouragement, sustaining humour and untiring love throughout this long journey. I thank my siblings for being such strong role models in terms of educational and professional achievements. And I especially thank my father who has been a great source of inspiration and strength to me. To my dear friends, who have been at my side during this entire process, you know who you are and how very grateful I am. Thank you for your generous support and friendship. I also appreciate the constructive comments and positive feedback that I received from Dr. Kevin B. Anderson and Dr. Simon Clarke on our interpretation of Marx’s closing statement in the famous chapter on the Working Day. Particular thanks must also go to Dr. Allen Seager for providing thoughtful suggestions and much valuable advice on the subtle intricacies of labour politics. My special acknowledgements are due to Dr. Kendra Strauss who took precious time from her maternity leave to read my thesis and offer perceptive and extremely helpful comments for revision, many of which have been incorporated in some form in the final draft. Her careful eye and critical feedback have helped make this thesis as strong as it could be. My greatest indebtedness is to my teacher, Dr. Gary Teeple, who offered countless valuable suggestions, ideas and criticisms, both stylistic and substantive, throughout the evolution and development of this project. His continued support, guidance and teachings have been a key source of inspiration and motivation for my work in all respects. It has been a great honour and an enjoyable experience to work with such a dedicated champion of the working class. v Table of Contents Approval .......................................................................................................................... ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ...................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 Object of Study ....................................................................................................... 1 Literature Review .................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 2. The Rise and Development of Labour Standards ............................... 11 Historical Preconditions ........................................................................................ 11 Labour Standards and Human Rights ................................................................... 16 Labour Standards and Corporate Rights .............................................................. 23 Conflict of Interest .................................................................................... 23 Unequal Bargaining Power ...................................................................... 24 Rise of Trade Unions and Countervailing Demands ................................ 25 Enter Labour Standards ........................................................................... 28 Challenge Prevailing Corporate Private Rights ........................................ 31 English Factory Acts: ‘the modest Magna Carta’ ...................................... 38 Chapter 3. Sources of Pressure for International Labour Standards ................... 52 Working Classes Demand International Protection ............................................... 52 Movement to Abolish Slave Trade and Slavery..................................................... 57 Curb Potential or Actual Labour Unrest ................................................................ 66 Level Playing Field ............................................................................................... 73 Individual Efforts ................................................................................................... 75 International Conferences and Governmental Agreements ................................... 77 Private and Semi-Official International Associations ............................................. 80 International Federation for the Observance of Sunday (1876-1915) ....... 81 Permanent International Committee on Social Insurance (1889- 1912) ....................................................................................................... 83 International Association for Labour Legislation (1900-1912)................... 85 International Congress on Occupational Diseases (1906-1910) .............. 95 International Association on Unemployment (1906-1913) ........................ 97 International Home Work Organization (1910-1912) .............................. 101 International Trade Unionism .............................................................................. 103 Spectre of Socialism or Communism .................................................................. 108 Chapter 4. A World Organisation for Labour Standards ..................................... 114 ‘Creating a Permanent Organisation for the Promotion of International Regulation of Labour Conditions’ ........................................................................ 117 vi Commission on International Labour Legislation .................................... 118 Framing the International Labour Convention ........................................ 119 International Labour Charter .................................................................. 128 International Labour Code ..................................................................... 131 Chapter 5. The ‘Golden Age’ of Labour Standards .............................................. 137 Rationale for Expanding the Scope of Protection ................................................ 137 Labour Standards of Welfare States ................................................................... 138 Expansion of ILO Standards ............................................................................... 143 International Class Rights Documents: ICCPR and ICESCR (1976) ................... 151 Chapter 6. The Decline and Fall of Labour Standards ........................................ 154 References .................................................................................................................163 vii Chapter 1. Introduction Object of Study As a system based on class relations, capitalism has always required the protection of corporate private interests from working class antagonisms that threaten to undermine capital accumulation and the sanctity of corporate private property. The nation-state played a key role in compensating via political and legal mechanisms for capitalism’s constant tendency towards, and periodic outbreak of, crises and class conflicts. The state became the primary site of political compromises and class tensions between workers and employers, which in turn, shaped its own internal forms and regulating functions. This included the setting out of provisions for labour standards to cope with working class pressure to which the state was subject (albeit unevenly and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Gender Perspective in Economic and Labour Policies. State of the Art in Latin America and the Caribbean
    29 6(5,( mujer y desarrollo The Gender Perspective in Economic and Labour Policies State of the Art in Latin America and the Caribbean Lieve Daeren Women and Development Unit ECLAC-GTZ project “Institutionalization of gender policies within ECLAC and sectoral ministries” Santiago de Chile, July 2001 This document was prepared as part of the ECLAC-GTZ project “Institutionalization of gender policies within ECLAC and sectoral ministries” (PN.98.2048.1-001.00). The aim of the project is to formulate and strengthen policies, strategies, instruments and technical capacities within ECLAC and in selected countries in the region, with a view to fostering equity between women and men in the process and benefits of development, especially as regards economic and labour policies. The document was prepared by project expert Lieve Daeren. Julia Schneider, a practitioner from the Women and Development Unit, provided substantial support in processing the data analysed here. The opinions expressed in this document, which has not been subjected to editorial review, are the author’s exclusive responsibility and do not necessarily concur with those of ECLAC. United Nations Publication LC/L.1500-P Original: SPANISH ISBN: 92-1-321804-4 Copyright © United Nations, July, 2001. All rights reserved Sales N°.: E.01.II.G44 Printed in United Nations, Santiago de Chile Applications for the right to reproduce this work are welcomed and should be sent to the Secretary of the Publications Board, United Nations Headquarters, New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A. Member States and their governmental institutions may reproduce this work without prior authorization, but are requested to mention the source and inform the United Nations of such reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Tackling Text.Pdf
    TACKLING MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN GREECE No part of this book may be reproduced or transmmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage retrieval system without permission, in writing, from the editors. Title: TACKLING MULTIPLE DISCRIMINATION IN GREECE Editors: Dionysis Balourdos, Nikos Sarris ISBN: 978-960-508-291-8 © 2018 – by ION PUBLISHING GROUP Maria Parikou & Co LTD - www.iwn.gr © 2018 EKKE (NATIONAL CENTRE FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH) 9 Kratinou & Athenas str., 105 52 Athens Tel.: 210-7491.600 – Fax: 210-7489.130 site: www.ekke.gr – email: [email protected] All rights reserved by the editors for designs, photographs and texts included in this book. NATIONAL ECONOMIC HELLENIC REGION OF UNIVERSITY CENTRE FOR AND SOCIAL OPEN CRETE OF SEVILLE SOCIAL COUNCIL OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH GREECE Tackling Multiple Discrimination in Greece Dionysis Balourdos – Nikos Sarris (Eds.) This volume was issued in the framework of the research programme “Tackling multiple discrimination in Greece: Delivering equality by active exploration and enabling policy interventions”, which was funded by the European Union’s Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme (2014-2020). ATHENS 2018 Contents Preface, Nicolas Demertzis ............................................. 13 Introduction, D. Balourdos – N. Sarris ......................... 15 Chapter 1. Multiple discrimination from a social science approach: theory, research, and policies, Eduardo Bericat, Mercedes Camarero-Rioja, María Luisa Jiménez-Rodrigo ......................................... 25 1.1 Introduction ................................................................ 25 1.2 A social science approach .......................................... 26 1.3 A social science framework of discriminatory facts .. 31 1.4 Methodologies and techniques to measure the incidence and understand the meaning of the multiple discriminatory processes .......................
    [Show full text]
  • The International Labour Organization and the Quest for Social Justice, 1919–2009
    The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2009 First published in paperback in 2009 by the International Labour Office, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland First published in hardback in 2009 by Cornell University Press, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States (available for sale in North America only) Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copy- right Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 Gerry Rodgers, Eddy Lee, Lee Swepston and Jasmien Van Daele International Labour Office. – Geneva: ILO, 2009 ISBN 978-92-2-121955-2 (paperback) ILO / role of ILO / ILO standard setting / tripartism / workers rights / quality of working life / social security / promotion of employment / poverty alleviation / decent work / history / trend 01.03.7 Also available in hardback: The International Labour Organization and the quest for social justice, 1919–2009 (ISBN 978-0-8014-4849-2), Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • The International Labour Organization: a Handbook for Minorities and Indigenous Peoples
    The International Labour Organization: A Handbook for Minorities and Indigenous Peoples BY CHANDRA ROY AND MIKE KAYE THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION: Acknowledgements A HANDBOOK FOR MINORITIES AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES Minority Rights Group International (MRG) and Anti-Slavery International gratefully acknowl- © Minority Rights Group International edges the support of the European Commission, and Anti-Slavery International 2002 the T.U.U.T Charitable Trust and the U.I.A. Char- All rights reserved. itable Foundation, and all of the organizations and individuals who Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or gave financial and other assistance for this publication. other non-commercial purposes. No part may be reproduced in any form for commercial purposes without the prior express permission of Minority Rights Group International and Anti-Slavery International the copyright holders. are grateful to all the staff and independent expert readers who For further information please contact MRG. contributed to this publication, in particular Chris Chapman (MRG A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the International Officer) and Katrina Payne (MRG Editor). British Library. This publication has been commissioned and is published by ISBN 1 8976 93 39 7 Minority Rights Group International and Anti-Slavery International Published May 2002 as a contribution to public understanding of the issue which forms Typeset by Kavita Graphics its subject. The text and views of the authors do not necessarily rep- Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper resent, in every detail and in all its aspects, the collective view of the two organizations. THE AUTHORS CHANDRA ROY is an international lawyer who helped establish the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO).
    [Show full text]
  • Violence and Harassment Against Women and Men in the World of Work Trade Union Perspectives and Action
    VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT AGAINST WOMEN AND MEN IN THE WORLD OF WORK TRADE UNION PERSPECTIVES AND ACTION WORKQUALITY ACTRAV VIOLENCE AND HARASSMENT AGAINST WOMEN AND MEN IN THE WORLD OF WORK TRADE UNION PERSPECTIVES AND ACTION Dr. Jane Pillinger International Labour Office Copyright © International Labour Organization 2017 First published 2017 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data Violence and harassment against women and men in the world of work : trade union perspectives and action / International Labour Office, Bureau for Workers’ Activities (ACTRAV). - Geneva: ILO, 2017. ISBN: 978-92-2-130778-5 (print); 978-92-2-130779-2 (web pdf) International Labour Office. Bureau for Workers’ Activities. violence / bullying at work / women workers / men workers / trade union role / legal aspect / collective bargaining / case studies Also available in French: Violence et harcèlement contre les femmes et les hommes dans le monde du travail: perspectives et action syndicales (ISBN 978-92-2-231285-6 (print)), Geneva, 2017; and in Spanish: Violencia y acoso contra las mujeres y los hombres en el mundo del trabajo: perspectivas y acción sindical (ISBN 978-92-2-330819-3 (print)), Geneva, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Racial Discrimination and Human Trafficking in India: Challenges Ahead
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 6; June2011 Racial Discrimination and Human Trafficking in India: Challenges Ahead Dr. Hetal Pandya Assistant Professor Open University Ahmedabad, India. Dr. Hemal Pandya Assistant Professor S D School of Commerce Gujarat University Ahmedabad, India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Discrimination is any distinction, exclusion or preference based on race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation. Discrimination violates the fundamental human right to freedom from discrimination. Freedom from discrimination is indispensable for workers to choose their employment freely, to develop their potential to the full and to reap economic rewards on the basis of merit. The different forms of discrimination impact severely on vulnerable individuals of society. At its worst, the discrimination against certain groups, such as women, ethnic or racial minorities and migrants, face in the labour market makes them vulnerable to such abuses as forced or compulsory labour. Discrimination is also associated with child labour. The recent rise in labour trafficking, which disproportionately affects women and children, is related in part to gender-based discrimination in the labour market that causes unequal access for women to remunerative employment as well as to traditional beliefs that devalue girls. Racism, racial discrimination, Xenophobia and related intolerance are so often the causes of war in the minds of men. Racial Discrimination continues to manifest itself in many contemporary conflicts and injustices. Racial Discrimination has been one of the major causes leading to the increasing rate of illegal migration leading to the problem of Human Trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • ALTERNATIVE REPORT to the UN Human Rights Committee, 120Th Session, Review of Pakistan
    ALTERNATIVE REPORT to the UN Human Rights Committee, 120th session, review of Pakistan CASTE-BASED DISCRIMINATION IN PAKISTAN June 2017 Prepared and submitted by: Pakistan Dalit Solidarity Network International Dalit Solidarity Network PILER Centre ST-001 Vartov Sector X, Sub Sector V Farvergade 27D, First Floor Gulshan e Maymar Copenhagen K 1463 Karachi Sindh 74900 Denmark Tel: +92 213 635 114 5/7 Tel: +45 6043 3432 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. 2 I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 2 II. DISCRIMINATION AGAINST DALITS IN PAKISTAN ............................................................. 3 III. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON CASTE DISCRIMINATION IN PAKISTAN ............ 3 IV. NON-DISCRIMINATION AND EQUALITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN (ART. 2, 3 & 26) ... 4 V. BONDED LABOUR AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING (ART. 2(2), 8 & 26) ....................................... 5 VI. FREEDOM OF RELIGION, CONSCIENCE AND BELIEF (ARTS. 2 (2), 14, 18, 19 AND 26) ....... 6 VII. RECOMMENDATIONS ...................................................................................................... 8 I. Introduction This joint submission focuses on the list of issues prepared by the Human Rights Committee (CCPR) in relation to the initial report of Pakistan, more specifically on Scheduled Castes (increasingly
    [Show full text]
  • National Intervention Strategy for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) Sector GAY
    LESBIAN GAY BISEXUAL LESBIAN TRANSGENDER INTERSEX EQUALITY • DIGNITY • FREEDOM GAY BISEXUAL TRANSGENDER NATIONAL INTERVENTION STRATEGY FOR INTERSEX LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER AND INTERSEX (LGBTI) SECTOR EQUALITY • DIGNITY • FREEDOM 1 LESBIAN GAY BISEXUAL TRANSGENDER INTERSEX LESBIAN EQUALITY • DIGNITY • FREEDOM National Intervention Strategy for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI) Sector GAY Table Of Contents 1.1 THE NATIONAL TASK TEAM ON GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION-BASED VIOLENCE 1 1.1.1 Purpose of the NTT 1 1.1.2 Objectives 2 BISEXUAL 1.2 ADDRESSING GAPS IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 2 2. IMPLEMENTATION TERRAIN 3 2.1 Composition of the NTT 3 2.2 Implementation Proposals 8 3. THE NIS FRAMEWORK 9 TRANSGENDER 3.1 Vision of the NTT 9 3.2 Aims 9 3.3. Strategic Outputs 9 INTERSEX EQUALITY • DIGNITY • FREEDOM 1. Background South Africa’s post-apartheid Constitution 1 was the first in the world to outlaw discrimination based on sexual orientation, and South Africa was the fifth country in the world, and the first in Africa, to legalise same-sex marriage. The rights of LGBTI South Africans are clearly stated in Chapter 2 of the Bill of Rights, Section 9(3): “The state may not unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds including race, gender, sex, pregnancy, marital status, ethnic or social origin, colour, sexual orientation, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, language and birth.” Likewise, in Chapter 2 of the Bill of Rights 9(3): “No person may unfairly discriminate directly or indirectly against anyone on one or more grounds in terms of subsection (3).” This firmly places South Africa at the forefront of countries globally in terms of adopting a comprehensive human rights approach to same-sex, or LGBTI-related rights.
    [Show full text]
  • The Untold Stories of Caribbean Migration to Vancouver
    Forgotten Voices: The Untold Stories of Caribbean Migration to Vancouver by Robyn Broomfield B.A. (Communication), Simon Fraser University, 2015 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication Faculty of Communication, Arts and Technology © Robyn Broomfield 2020 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2020 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Declaration of Committee Name: Robyn Broomfield Degree: Master of Arts Thesis title: Forgotten Voices: The Untold Stories of Caribbean Migration to Vancouver Committee: Chair: Jan Marontate Associate Professor, Communication Martin Laba Supervisor Associate Professor, Communication Gary McCarron Committee Member Associate Professor, Communication Robert Anderson Examiner Professor Emeritus, Communication ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract The role of oral history in Caribbean culture promotes the use of narrative in order to retrieve missing histories not found in literature. It examines the power of narrative in reconstructing memories through counterstorytelling in order to increase the visibility of a community that has been pushed to the margins of Vancouver’s history. Though this work primarily focuses on the story of Afro-Caribbean immigrants, their highlighted experiences force the need for others to acknowledge their colour first, and their culture second. This forceful recognition of their colour neglects cultural identity, their story and more importantly, their humanity. As such, the objective of this thesis is to spotlight stories of Caribbean narrative and provide space for knowledge sharing amongst eight participants conducted over the course of 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • She's Price(D)Less
    She’s Price(d)less The economics of the gender pay gap Update Report prepared for Diversity Council Australia (DCA) and the Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA) October 2016 kpmg.com/au/paygap Foreword KPMG Much attention has focused on increasing awareness of gender pay inequity. However, relatively little evidence has been developed on the factors driving the gap, how these have changed over time and how they can be addressed to close the pay gap. KPMG has developed this report, She’s Price(d)less: The economics of the gender pay gap, for Diversity Council Australia and the Workplace Gender Equality Agency. Gary Wingrove The report uses structured econometric modelling to determine the factors that underpin the gap, and to what extent they contribute to the issue. CEO KPMG Australia Member of the Male This work, an update to analysis we initially conducted in 2009, shows that despite Champions of Change and a the endeavours of government and business, the size of the gap, and in particular WGEA Equal Pay the role of gender discrimination, has remained stagnant in the past seven years. Ambassador The issues remain complex, but this evidence is critical in measuring progress and holding ourselves accountable for driving change. KPMG is committed to contributing to the national conversation – sharing our experiences, our successes and our failures. With this in mind, we have taken the approach of producing two reports. This report details the rigorous modelling methodology and findings. The second is the Executive Companion designed to help you take the most effective step to move towards pay equity by leveraging the insights and initiatives of leading Australian companies (kpmg.com/au/paygap).
    [Show full text]
  • Headscarf and Job Recruitment—Lifting the Veil of Labour Market Discrimination Attakrit Leckcivilize1 and Alexander Straub2*
    Leckcivilize and Straub IZA Journal of Labor Economics (2018) 7:11 IZA Journal of Labor Economics https://doi.org/10.1186/s40172-018-0071-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Headscarf and job recruitment—lifting the veil of labour market discrimination Attakrit Leckcivilize1 and Alexander Straub2* *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 2Institute of Labour Economics, This paper investigates effects of appearance and religious practice of job applicants Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany on the hiring decision. We asked participants in our laboratory experiment to select Full list of author information is fictitious candidates for an interview from a pool of CVs with comparable available at the end of the article characteristics but different photos. Some photos were of the same Turkish women with and without a headscarf. We demonstrate the effects of appearance, ethnicity, and veiling simultaneously and propose underlying mechanisms. We find robust effects of appearance but heterogeneous effects of headscarf on callback rates based on types of occupations and recruiters’ characteristics. However, positive characteristics mitigate discrimination against headscarf and even reverse it. JEL Classification: J15, J71, C91 Keywords: Labour discrimination, Beauty, Ethnicity, Economics of religion 1 Introduction The topic of discrimination based on, for example, ethnic origin and gender in the labour market came under scrutiny of the economics discipline after the influential doctoral dis- sertation entitled The Economics of Discrimination by the Nobel laureate Gary Becker in 1957. Becker proposed the concept of taste discrimination in which prejudiced persons receive disutility from their interaction with certain groups of people. Hence, they mon- etise their prejudice by applying a mark-up to the transaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Module 2 Promoting Gender Equality at Work
    Equality and non-discrimination at work in China: Training manual Module 2 Promoting gender equality at work ILO Country Office for China and Mongolia, Beijing ILO DWT for East and South-East Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok Copyright © International Labour Organization 2010 First published 2010 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Thomas, Constance; Haspels, Nelien; Meyer, Tim de; Paavilainen, Marja; Zhang, Hongman Equality and non-discrimination at work in China : training manual / Constance Thomas, Nelien Haspels, Tim de Meyer, Marja Paavilainen, Hongman Zhang ; ILO Country Office for China and Mongolia ; ILO DWT for East and South-East Asia and the Pacific. - Beijing: ILO, 2010 114 p. + 5 booklets ISBN: 9789221243861 – English; 9789221243878 – English (web pdf); 9789225243867 – Chinese; 9789225243874 – Chinese (web pdf)
    [Show full text]