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Karel a Naděžda Kramářovi Doma Karel and Nadezhda Kramář at Home

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Karel a Naděžda Kramářovi Doma Karel and Nadezhda Kramář at Home Karel a Naděžda Kramářovi doma Karel and Nadezhda Kramář at home JANA ČECHUROVÁ DANA STEHLÍKOVÁ MIRO S L A V A V AN D ROVCOVÁ V Y D Á N O U P ř Í L E ž I T O S T I 7 0 . VÝRO Č Í Ú M R T Í K ARLA K RA M Á ř E P UBLI S HE D ON THE OCCA S ION OF THE 70TH ANNIVER S A R Y OF K A R E L K RA M Á ř ’ S D EATH © Úřad vlády České republiky ISBN 978–80–87041–20–8 Praha 2007 PROLOG P ROLOGUE Kramář’s Villa is inseparably connected with the tradition of the Czech premiership, just as the Straka Academy is inseparably linked with the tradition of the Czech government. May 2007 marks the seventieth anniversary of the death of the villa’s builder and first inhabitant, the outstanding right-wing politi- cian Karel Kramář. Kramářova vila je, právě tak jako Strakova The first prime minister of the Czecho- akademie, pojem neodmyslitelně spojený slovak government was known as a fearless s českou premiérskou tradicí. V květnu 2007 fighter who even dared to challenge Presi- uplynulo sedmdesát let od úmrtí jejího prv- dent Masaryk. The villa was built in the ního obyvatele, významného pravicového second decade of the 20th century, and its politika JUDr. Karla Kramáře. interiors reflect the taste of Karel Kramář’s První předseda československé vlády byl Russian-born wife Nadezhda. znám jako tvrdý bojovník, který se nebál The exhibition offers visitors a glimpse of střetnout ani s prezidentem Masarykem. the couple’s private life. I am pleased that we Vilu si nechal postavit ve druhé dekádě have this opportunity to pay tribute to a states- 20. století, přičemž v interiéru se projevil man who stood at the head of our country in vkus jeho ženy, původem Rusky. the difficult initial period of its newly-acquired Výstava umožňuje návštěvníkům nahléd- independence and post-war reconstruction. nout do života Karla a Naděždy Kramářo- We can thus repay our debt to Karel Kramář. vých. Jsem rád, že jejím prostřednictvím During the totalitarian regime, the state was můžeme vzdát poctu státníkovi, který řídil not always a good caretaker of this property. naši zemi v nelehkých počátcích nově nabyté It was not until November 1989 that the vil- samostatnosti a poválečné obnovy. Splácíme la was completely renovated and restored as tím dluh, který vůči Karlu Kramářovi máme. a dignified residence, which the successors of Za totality se stát nechoval k vile vždy s ná- Prime Minister Kramář use mainly to hold ležitou péčí. Až po listopadu 1989 byla kom- working meetings. pletně rekonstruována a dnes je důstojným I am confident that, following the opening reprezentačním sídlem, které slouží zejména of the villa and its private rooms to the public k pracovním schůzkám premiéra. last year, visitors will make use of this and Věřím, že po loňském otevření vily veřej- other opportunities to learn more not only nosti, včetně soukromých prostor, občané about the building, but also about the time využijí i další příležitosti seznámit se nejen and life of Karel Kramář and his wife. We s budovou, ale i s dobou a se životem manže- welcome you on your visit to the first Czech lů Kramářových. Vítejte na návštěvě u první- prime minister. ho českého premiéra Mirek Topolánek Předseda vlády České republiky // The Prime Minister of the Czech Republic OB S AH TABLE OF CONTENT S K A R E L K RA M Á ř P O L I T I K 11 K A R E L K RA M Ář THE POLITICIAN MIRO S L A V A V AN D ROVCOVÁ ž I V O T A V Z T A H M A N ž E L ů K RA M Á ř O V Ý C H 3 3 T H E L I F E A N D R ELATION S HIP OF THE K RA M Á ř S MIRO S L A V A V AN D ROVCOVÁ P O Z ů S TALO S T 6 7 T H E Es T A T E DANA STEHLÍKOVÁ K RA M Á ř O V A V I L A 115 K RA M Á ř ’ S V I L L A JANA ČECHUROVÁ P RA M E N Y A LITERATURA SOURCE S A N D BIBLIOGRAPHY K A R E L K RA M Á ř P O L I T I K K A R E L K RA M Ář THE POLITICIAN „Vážil jsem si Vás vždy velice, a to proto, že Portrét Karla Kramáře, Vy jediný z našich vůdčích politiků pokládáte litografie, Max Švabinský, Praha 20. // Portrait of politiku za svou jedinou lásku, jako umělec své Karel Kramář, lithograph by umění. Vy jediný jste svému povolání obětoval Max Švabinský, Prague 20. vše…“ napsal v gratulaci k padesátým naroze- ninám Karlu Kramářovi slavný malíř, grafik a učitel umění Max Švabinský. Karel Kramář se narodil 27. srpna 1860 ve Vysokém nad Jizerou. Po celý život se do své- ho rodiště s láskou vracel a byl na své horác- ké kořeny pyšný. Jeho otec Petr Kramář se “I have always thought highly of you, because no narodil v těsném sousedství Vysokého – ve other of our leading politicians regards politics Stanovém, v dětství osiřel, vyučil se zední- as his only love, the way an artist regards his art. kem a vlastními schopnostmi se vypracoval No other has sacrificed everything for his profes‑ na regionálně uznávaného stavitele a majite- sion…”, wrote the famous painter, graphic le cihelny. Matka Marie, rozená Vodseďálko- artist and art teacher Max Švabinský as he vá, byla dcerou rolníka Františka Vodseďálka. congratulated Karel Kramář on his fiftieth Rodina Vodseďálkových patřila ve Vysokém birthday. k váženým starousedlíkům, Kramářův dědeček František Vodseďálek zastával úřad Karel Kramář was born in Vysoké nad vysockého starosty. S oběma rodiči měl Karel Jizerou on 27 August 1860. Throughout velmi pěkný vztah, ovlivněný i skutečností, his life, he loved revisiting his birthplace že byl jediným dítětem z jejich pěti potomků, and was proud of his roots. His father, Petr které se dožilo školního věku. Kramář, a native of Stanové, near Vysoké, was Navzdory otcovým představám, že Karel orphaned as a child, trained as a bricklayer, vystuduje techniku a on mu postaví vlastní and thanks to his talents worked his way up továrnu, se Kramář, prý pod vlivem projevu to the position of developer and brick-works slavného krajana Františka Ladislava Riegra owner of regional renown. Karel’s mother Tereza, née Vodseďálková, came from an old respected family in the region. Her father, František Vodseďálek, a peasant, was the mayor of Vysoké. Karel had a very warm relationship with his parents, also due to the fact that he was the only of their five children who had not died before reaching school age. Though his father planned for him to study technology, and even intended to build a factory for him, Karel chose law – it is reputed that his decision was influenced by a speech of his famous fellow countryman, 2 Karel Kramář jako malý the lawyer and politician František Ladislav chlapec, kolorovaná Rieger, to mark the laying of the foundation fotografie, Ignaz Oesterreicher, kolem 8. // stone to the monument of the writer and Karel Kramář as a small boy, linguist Josef Jungmann. His father’s sound coloured photograph, Ignaz financial situation gave Karel Kramář access Oesterreicher, around 8. to a wide-ranging, high-quality education. He studied at universities in Berlin, Prague, Strasbourg, Paris and Vienna. He also spent a short time studying in London. Even after receiving a doctor’s degree, he was under no pressure to start earning his own living. He was still undecided whether he should při položení základního kamene pomníku pursue an academic or a political career. Josefa Jungmanna, rozhodl pro studium Fascinated by the history of paper money práv. Otcova finanční podpora mu umožnila and Czech state law, he researched Viennese velkorysý přístup ke vzdělání. Navštěvoval archives and now and then wrote newspaper univerzity v Berlíně, Praze, Štrasburku, Paří- articles to flesh out his budget. ži a Vídni. Krátce pobyl i v Londýně. Ani po At about the same time he encountered his získání doktorského diplomu v roce 1884 erstwhile teacher Josef Kaizl and they became nebyl nucen opatřovat si obživu prací. Tehdy good friends. Kaizl introduced Kramář to nebyl ještě rozhodnut, zda se bude věnovat Tomáš G. Masaryk, and together they formed akademické kariéře či politice. Zaujat ději- a triumvirate of leading Czech representa- nami papírových peněz a českého státního tives of realistic thinking. They sought to use práva, bádal ve vídeňských archivech a svůj a scientific and truthful approach to influ- rozpočet zpestřoval občasným přispíváním ence the political climate in a period when do tisku. the National Party of Free Thought (popularly Ve stejné době se setkal s Josefem Kai- referred to as “Young Czechs”) was replac- zlem, svým bývalým učitelem, a sblížil se ing the conservative National Party (“Old s ním. Ten ho seznamil s dalším realistou, Czechs”) at the head of Czech politics. Tomášem G. Masarykem. Tito tři muži pak In 1889 they took over the fortnightly Čas vytvořili základní trojici českého realismu. (Time) from its founder Jan Herben, and Chtěli vědeckým a pravdivým přístupem continued its publication, with Kramář pro- ovlivnit politické klima v době, kdy vedení viding most of the funding. Together with politiky přecházelo ze staročechů na mlado- the historian and politician Antonín Rezek, čechy. they were also its main contributors. After V lednu 1889 od Jana Herbena převzali protracted negotiations with both the politi- a především díky Kramářovým financím cal parties mentioned above, they decided to začali vydávat čtrnáctideník Čas.
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