DOCSLIB.ORG

Indian Architecture Previous Year Questions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Indian Architecture Previous Year Questions Indian Architecture Previous Year Questions www.laex.in Page No. 1 https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions INDIAN ART & CULTURE UPSC PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS www.laex.in https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions INDIAN ART & CULTURE UPSC PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS INDEX No. of Page No. S.No. Topic Qns From To 01. Indian Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery 27 1 14 02. Indian Paintings 2 14 16 03. Indian Music 2 16 16 04. Indian Dance Forms 5 18 21 05. Languages in India 2 21 22 06. Religions in India 7 22 28 07. Indian Literature 5 29 30 08. Schools of Philosophy 2 30 32 09. Calendars in India 1 33 33 10. Martial Arts in India 1 33 33 www.laexias.com https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions 1. Indian Architecture, Select the correct answer using the code given below. Sculpture and Pottery a) 1 and 2 only 1. Consider the following pairs : b) 3 only Famous place Region c) 1 and 3 only 1. Bodhgaya Baghelkhand d) 1, 2 and 3 2. Khajuraho Bundelkhand 4. With reference to the art and 3. Shirdi Vidarbha archaeological history of India, which one 4. Nasik (Nashik) Malwa among the following was made earliest? 5. Tirupati Rayalaseema a) Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar b) Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli Which of the pairs given above are correctly c) Rock-cut Monuments at Mahabalipuram matched? Codes d) Varaha Image at Udayagiri a) 1, 2 and 4 5. Consider the following pairs: b) 2, 3, 4 and 5 Place of Pilgrimage Location c) 2 and 5 only 1. Srisailam Nallamala Hills d) 1, 3, 4 and 5 2. Omkareshwar Satmala Hills 2. What is/are common to the two historical 3. Pushkar Mahadeo Hills places known as Ajanta and Mahabalipuram? Which of the above pairs is/are correctly 1. Both were built in the same period. matched? 2. Both belong to the same religious Codes denomination. a) 1 only 3. Both have rock-cut monuments. b) 2 and 3 only Select the correct answer using the code c) 1 and 3 only given below. d) 1, 2 and 3 a) 1 and 2 only b) 3 only 6. With reference to Buddhist history, c) 1 and 3 only tradition and culture in India, which of d) None of the statements given above is correct the following pairs is/are correctly 3. The arrival of Babur into India led to the matched? 1. introduction of gunpowder in the Famous Shrine Location subcontinent 1. Tabo monastery and temple Spiti 2. introduction of the arch and dome in the complex valley region’s architecture Zanskar 2. LhotsavaLakhang temple, Nako 3. establishment of Timurid dynasty in the valley region 3. Alchi temple complex Ladakh www.laexias.co 1 https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions Codes d) The room in which the nobles belonging to a) Only (i) differentreligions gathered to discuss b) (ii) & (iii) religious affairs. c) (i) & (iii) d) All of these 10. With reference to history of Indian rock- 7. With reference to the cultural history of cut architecture, consider the following India, the term Panchayatan refers to? statements: a) An assembly of village elders 1) The caves at Badami are the oldest surviving b) A religious sect rock-cut caves in India. c) A style of temple construction 2) The Barabar rock-cut caves were originally d) An administrative functionary made for Ajivikas by the emperor 8. With reference to the Indian history of art Chandragupta Maurya. and culture, which ofthe following pairs 3) At Ellora, caves were made for different is/are correctly matched? faiths. Famous Work of Site Sculpture Which of the statement(s) given above is/are I. A grand image of Buddha’s Ajanta correct? Mahapariniravana with a) Only (i) numerous celestialmusicians b) (ii) & (iii) above and the sorrowful c) Only (iii) figuresof his followers below d) All of these II. A huge of Varaha avatar Mt. Abu (Boar incarnation) of Vishnu 11. Which of the following characterise(s) the as he rescuesgoddess earth people of Indus civilization? from the deep and 1. They possessed great palaces and temples. chaoticwaters, sculpted on 2. They worshipped both male and female rock deities. III. Arjuna’s penance/Descent Mamalla 3. They employed horse-drawn chariot for of Gangasculpted on the puram surface of huge boulders warfares. Codes Codes a) (i) & (ii) a) (i) & (ii) b) Only (iii) b) Only (ii) c) (i) & (iii) c) All of these d) All of these d) None of these 9. Ibadat Khana of Fatehpur Sikri was 12. Some Buddhist rock-cut caves are called a) The mosque for the use of royal family Chaityas while the others are called b) Akbar’s private chamber for prayer Viharas. What is the difference between c) The hall in which Akbar held discussions thetwo? with scholars of various religions a) Vihar is a place of worship while Chaitya is the dwelling place of the monks. www.laexias.co 2 https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions b) Chaitya is a place of worship while Vihara is 16.Where is the famous Virupaksha temple the dwelling place of monks. located? c) Chaitya is a stupa at the far end of the cave a) Bhadrachalam while Vihar is the hall axial to it. b) Chidambaram d) There is no material difference between the c) Hampi two. d) Shrikalahasti 13.The Nagara, the Dravida and the Vesara 17.Where is the famous Vijaya-Vittala temple are the: a) Three main racial groups of the Indian sub- having its 56 carvedpillars emitting continent musical notes located? b) Three main linguistic divisions into which a) Belur the languages of India can be classified b) Bhadrachalam c) Three main styles of Indian temple architecture c) Hampi d) Three main musical gharanas prevalent in d) Srirangam India 18.The Allahabad pillar inscription is 14. Regarding the Indus Valley civilisation, associated with which one ofthe following? consider the following statements: a) Mahapadmananda 1. It was predominantly a secular civilisation b) Chandragupta Maurya and the religious element, though present, c) Ashoka did not dominate the scene. d) Samudragupta 2. During this period cotton was used for manufacturingtextiles in India. 19.The initial design and construction of which massive temple took place during Which of the statements given above is/are the reign of Suryavarman II? correct? a) Sri Mariamman temple a) Only (i) b) Angkor Vat temple b) Only (ii) c) Batu Caves temple c) Both (i) & (ii) d) Kamakhya temple d) Neither (i) & (ii) 20.Which of the following pairs is correctly 15. There are only 2 known examples of cave matched? painting of the Guptaperiod in ancient a) Vikramshila University – Uttar Pradesh India. One of these is paintings of Ajanta b) HemkundGurudwara – Himachal Pradesh caves. c) Udayagiri Caves – Maharashtra Where is the other surviving example? d) Amaravati Buddhist Stupa – Andhra Pradesh a) Bagh caves b) Ellora caves 21.Which one the following pairs is not c) Lomash rishi caves correctly matched? d) Nasik caves www.laexias.co 3 https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions c) Mysore and Bangalore Monastery State d) Sringeri and Dharwar (a) Dhankar monastery Himachal Pradesh (b) Rumtek monastery Sikkim 25. In which of the following cities is the Lingaraja temple located? (c) Tabo monastery Himachal Pradesh a) Bhubaneswar (d) Kye monastery Arunachal Pradesh b) Bijapur 22. Match List I with List II and select the c) Kolkata correct answer using the codes given d) Shravana-Belgola below: 26. Which of the following animals was not List I List II (archaeological finding) represented in seals and terracotta art of (ancientsite) Harappan sculpture? A. Lothal 1. Plough field a) Cow B. Kalibangan 2. Dockyard b) Elephant C. Dholavira 3. Terracotta replica of a plough c) Rhinoceros 4. An inscription comprising 10 d) Tiger D. Banawali large sized signs of the 27. Which of the following pairs is correctly arappan script matched? Codes a) Harappancivilisation – Painted grey ware a) A – 1; B – 2; C – 3; D – 4 b) The Kushanas – Gandhara school of art b) A – 2; B – 1; C – 4; D – 3 c) The Mughals – Ajanta paintings c) A – 1; B – 2; C – 4; D – 3 d) The Marathas – Pahari school of painting d) A – 2; B – 1; C – 3; D – 4 23.Which of the following statements is not 1. Key and Explanation correct? 1. KEY: C a) The statute of Gomateswara at Shravana- Explanation : Belagola represents the last tirthankar of the Bodhgaya- Indo Gangetic Plain Jains. Shirdi- Marathwada b) India’s largest Buddhist monastery is in Nasik- Marathwada Arunachal Pradesh. Educational Objective : Famous Cultural c) Khajuraho temples were built under places and their location Chandela kings. 2. KEY: B d) Hoysaleswara temple is dedicated to Shiva. Explanation : Ajanta- 24. Hoysala monuments are found in The Ajanta Caves are 30 (appro a) Hampi and Hospet ximately) rock-cut Buddhist cave monu b) Halebid and Belur www.laexias.co 4 https://elearn.laex.in Indian Art & Culture UPSC Previous Year Questions ments which date from the 2nd detail. By the late 14th century, the century BCE to about 480 CE Bahmani Sultanate and the Vijayanagara in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state Empire were maintaining rockets and hand- of India. cannon squadrons in their respective The caves include paintings and rock-cut militaries. sculptures described as among the finest Indo-Islamic architecture begins with the surviving examples of ancient Indian art, Ghurid occupation of India at the close of particularly expressive paintings that the 12 century A.D.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Ethnographic Study of Sectarian Negotiations Among Diaspora Jains in the USA Venu Vrundavan Mehta Florida International University, [email protected]
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-29-2017 An Ethnographic Study of Sectarian Negotiations among Diaspora Jains in the USA Venu Vrundavan Mehta Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001765 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Mehta, Venu Vrundavan, "An Ethnographic Study of Sectarian Negotiations among Diaspora Jains in the USA" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3204. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3204 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY OF SECTARIAN NEGOTIATIONS AMONG DIASPORA JAINS IN THE USA A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in RELIGIOUS STUDIES by Venu Vrundavan Mehta 2017 To: Dean John F. Stack Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs This thesis, written by Venu Vrundavan Mehta, and entitled An Ethnographic Study of Sectarian Negotiations among Diaspora Jains in the USA, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this thesis and recommend that it be approved. ______________________________________________ Albert Kafui Wuaku ______________________________________________ Iqbal Akhtar ______________________________________________ Steven M. Vose, Major Professor Date of Defense: March 29, 2017 This thesis of Venu Vrundavan Mehta is approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Hampi, Badami & Around
    SCRIPT YOUR ADVENTURE in KARNATAKA WILDLIFE • WATERSPORTS • TREKS • ACTIVITIES This guide is researched and written by Supriya Sehgal 2 PLAN YOUR TRIP CONTENTS 3 Contents PLAN YOUR TRIP .................................................................. 4 Adventures in Karnataka ...........................................................6 Need to Know ........................................................................... 10 10 Top Experiences ...................................................................14 7 Days of Action .......................................................................20 BEST TRIPS ......................................................................... 22 Bengaluru, Ramanagara & Nandi Hills ...................................24 Detour: Bheemeshwari & Galibore Nature Camps ...............44 Chikkamagaluru .......................................................................46 Detour: River Tern Lodge .........................................................53 Kodagu (Coorg) .......................................................................54 Hampi, Badami & Around........................................................68 Coastal Karnataka .................................................................. 78 Detour: Agumbe .......................................................................86 Dandeli & Jog Falls ...................................................................90 Detour: Castle Rock .................................................................94 Bandipur & Nagarhole ...........................................................100
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections 2016
    Volume VII, 2016 REFLECTIONS ach time I get to say something for this column, I have done so with a feeling of more pride Ethan before. This time, I owe that pride to the position Ramaiah University has found itself- in the top 100 universities of India in 2016. Our lives today move faster than ever, thanks to the pace that society is moving. Every event that happens, scientic or social, is reaching out farther, stronger and longer than ever before. As an Bowling Robot for World Robot Olympiad, 2016 academician, I can’t help often brooding over the research challenges that are created in the wake of Acknowledgments such change. The editorial team sincerely thanks Dr. S. R. Showcased in this issue are articles from faculty and Shankapal, Vice- Chancellor, Ramaiah students that reect their pursuits from research thru adventure. I and my team hope these interest you, the University of Applied Sciences for giving the reader, to forge or strengthen your relationship with opportunity to bring out this seventh issue of the university. ‘Reections’. The team also thanks all faculty, Dr. B. V. Vijay students and staff who have contributed Editor to the content of this issue. Dr. B. V. Vijay Dileepa C. Dr. Arun R. Rao Editorial Team Vignesh R. Dr. Ashmitha K. S. Goutham N. Chiranjith Barui Dr. Neena Prasad Ms. Sathiya R. Mrs. R. G. Shilpa Contents 4 What is required to make a “Global University”? - Dr. S. R. Shankapal 6 Future solutions could lie in the past… - Dr. S. Shrinivasan 7 Seriously, India Needs a Mission for Optimization - Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism & Jainism in Early Historic Asia Iconography of Parshvanatha
    Buddhism & Jainism in Early Historic Asia Iconography of Parshvanatha at Annigere in North Karnataka – An Analysis Dr. Soumya Manjunath Chavan* India being the country which is known to have produced three major religions of the world: Hinduism, Budhism and Jainism. Jainism is still a practicing religion in many states of India like Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. The name Jaina is derived from the word jina, meaning conqueror, or liberator. Believing in immortal and indestructible soul (jiva) within every living being, it’s final goal is the state of liberation known as kaivalya, moksha or nirvana. The sramana movements rose in India in circa 550 B.C. Jainism in Karnataka began with the stable connection of the Digambara monk called Simhanandi who is credited with the establishment of the Ganga dynasty around 265 A.D. and thereafter for almost seven centuries Jain communities in Karnataka enjoyed the continuous patronage of this dynasty. Chamundaraya, a Ganga general commissioned the colossal rock- hewn statue of Bahubali at Sravana Belagola in 948 which is the holiest Jain shrines today. Gangas in the South Mysore and Kadambas and Badami Chalukyans in North Karnataka contributed to Jaina Art and Architecture. The Jinas or Thirthankaras list to twenty-four given before the beginning of the Christian era and the earliest reference occurs in the Samavayanga Sutra, Bhagavati Sutra, Kalpasutra and Pumacariyam. The Kalpasutra describes at length only the lives of Rishabhanatha, Neminatha, Parshvanatha and Mahavira. The iconographic feature of Parsvanatha was finalised first with seven-headed snake canopy in the first century B.C.
    [Show full text]
  • President, Vice President and Prime Minister Greet the Nation
    May, 2013 Vol. No. 153 Ahimsa Foundation in World Over + 1 Lakh The Only Jain E-Magazine Community Service for 13th Continuous Years Readership PRESIDENT, VICE PRESIDENT AND PRIME MINISTER GREET THE NATION Delivering the message to the nation on the eve of Mahavir Jayanti, President Pranab Mukherjee, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Vice President Hamid Ansari greeted the nation. In his address to the nation, President Pranab Mukherjee expressed his heartiest greetings and good wishes to the people of India and to the Jain community in particular. Recalling the noble teachings of Lord Mahavira, Pranab Mukherjee appealed to people to give up violence in thought, word and deed and to always stick to the path of non-violence. Vice president Hamid Ansari in his message to the country said that Mahavir’s teachings of following the right belief and right conduct for the sake of human salvation is considered the most significant teaching forever. Requesting the people to follow the footsteps of Lord Mahavir, Ansari said that people should take the determination to follow his message in order to create a peaceful, non-violent and compassionate society. In his message to the people on the occasion, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said, that, the noble philosophy of Mahavir is as relevant today with increasing incidents of crime and violence against vulnerable sections. The Prime Minister appealed to bring peace, prosperity and happiness to all countrymen. MAHAVIR JAYANTI GREETING FROM POPE BENEDICT'S OFFICE, VATICAN CITY Dear Jain Friends, 1. The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue extends warm greetings and felicitations as you devoutly commemorate, on 23rd April this year, the Birth Anniversary of „Tirthankar’ Vardhaman Mahavir.
    [Show full text]
  • Shiva's Waterfront Temples
    Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Subhashini Kaligotla All rights reserved ABSTRACT Shiva’s Waterfront Temples: Reimagining the Sacred Architecture of India’s Deccan Region Subhashini Kaligotla This dissertation examines Deccan India’s earliest surviving stone constructions, which were founded during the 6th through the 8th centuries and are known for their unparalleled formal eclecticism. Whereas past scholarship explains their heterogeneous formal character as an organic outcome of the Deccan’s “borderland” location between north India and south India, my study challenges the very conceptualization of the Deccan temple within a binary taxonomy that recognizes only northern and southern temple types. Rejecting the passivity implied by the borderland metaphor, I emphasize the role of human agents—particularly architects and makers—in establishing a dialectic between the north Indian and the south Indian architectural systems in the Deccan’s built worlds and built spaces. Secondly, by adopting the Deccan temple cluster as an analytical category in its own right, the present work contributes to the still developing field of landscape studies of the premodern Deccan. I read traditional art-historical evidence—the built environment, sculpture, and stone and copperplate inscriptions—alongside discursive treatments of landscape cultures and phenomenological and experiential perspectives. As a result, I am able to present hitherto unexamined aspects of the cluster’s spatial arrangement: the interrelationships between structures and the ways those relationships influence ritual and processional movements, as well as the symbolic, locative, and organizing role played by water bodies.
    [Show full text]
  • Life of Mahavira As Described in the Jai N a Gran Thas Is Imbu Ed with Myths Which
    T o be h a d of 1 T HE MA A ( ) N GER , T HE mu Gu ms J , A llahaba d . Lives of greatmen all remin d u s We can m our v s su m ake li e bli e , A nd n v hi n u s , departi g , lea e be d n n m Footpri ts o the sands of ti e . NGF LL W LO E O . mm zm fitm m m ! W ‘ i fi ’ mz m n C NT E O NT S. P re face Introd uction ntrod uctor remar s and th i I y k , e h storicity of M ahavira Sources of information mt o o ica stories , y h l g l — — Family relations birth — — C hild hood e d ucation marriage and posterity — — Re nou ncing the world Distribution of wealth Sanyas — — ce re mony Ke sh alochana Re solution Seve re pen ance for twe lve years His trave ls an d pre achings for thirty ye ars Attai n me nt of Nirvan a His disciples and early followers — H is ch aracte r teachings Approximate d ate of His Nirvana Appendix A PREF CE . r HE primary con dition for th e formation of a ” Nation is Pride in a common Past . Dr . Arn old h as rightly asked How can th e presen t fru th e u u h v ms h yield it , or f t re a e pro i e , except t eir ” roots be fixed in th e past ? Smiles lays mu ch ’ s ss on h s n wh n h e s s in his h a tre t i poi t , e ay C racter, “ a ns l n v u ls v s n h an d N tio , ike i di id a , deri e tre gt su pport from the feelin g th at they belon g to an u s u s h h th e h s of h ill trio race , t at t ey are eir t eir n ss an d u h u s of h great e , o g t to be perpet ator t eir is of mm n u s im an h n glory .
    [Show full text]
  • Kayotsarga - a Marvellous Way to E Levate Oneself
    Int ernat i onal Journal of Eng li sh L ang uag e , Li t erat ur e i n Humanities ( IJELLH) 189 Kayotsarga - A Marvellous Way to E levate Oneself Smt. Chayya Sheth Research Scholar Jain University Bengaluru , Karnataka , India Dr . Rajani Jairam Professor in Sanskrit [email protected] Abstract: Human being exists in two forms. The Bhoota Kaya is that which makes him physically present and the Yash Kaya is that which gives him fame and recognition even after his physical form ceases to exist. Every human being enjoys material pleasure and when he progresses in age he realizes that a time has come when he has to abandon his material form and seek for spirituality and nurture his inner thoughts. Each school of philosophy has its own way of making a human being understand the way to reduce attachment and inculcate detachment. With the progress in age a human being needs to progress in his thoughts. This is the stage when he elevates himself to a different level and starts thinking with a deeper sense of meaning attached to it. Jainism has advocated Kayotsarga Marga or abandoning the physical body to attain liberation after the completion of duty as a human being. The paper makes an attempt to analyse briefing this practice as a means to attain liberation. Sources and references would be drawn from edited and unedited books, journals, research papers pertaining to the topic. Key Words :- Jainism, Kayotsarg, Liberation, Mental, Physical and Emotional. Introduction: Kayotsarga comprises of two words ‘Kaaya’ i.e body and ‘utsarga’ which is to abandon.
    [Show full text]
  • PROFILE of ANANTAPUR DISTRICT the Effective Functioning of Any Institution Largely Depends on The
    PROFILE OF ANANTAPUR DISTRICT The effective functioning of any institution largely depends on the socio-economic environment in which it is functioning. It is especially true in case of institutions which are functioning for the development of rural areas. Hence, an attempt is made here to present a socio­ economic profile of Anantapur district, which happens to be one of the areas of operation of DRDA under study. Profile of Anantapur District Anantapur offers some vivid glimpses of the pre-historic past. It is generally held that the place got its name from 'Anantasagaram', a big tank, which means ‘Endless Ocean’. The villages of Anantasagaram and Bukkarayasamudram were constructed by Chilkkavodeya, the Minister of Bukka-I, a Vijayanagar ruler. Some authorities assert that Anantasagaram was named after Bukka's queen, while some contend that it must have been known after Anantarasa Chikkavodeya himself, as Bukka had no queen by that name. Anantapur is familiarly known as ‘Hande Anantapuram’. 'Hande' means chief of the Vijayanagar period. Anantapur and a few other places were gifted by the Vijayanagar rulers to Hanumappa Naidu of the Hande family. The place subsequently came under the Qutub Shahis, Mughals, and the Nawabs of Kadapa, although the Hande chiefs continued to rule as their subordinates. It was occupied by the Palegar of Bellary during the time of Ramappa but was eventually won back by 136 his son, Siddappa. Morari Rao Ghorpade attacked Anantapur in 1757. Though the army resisted for some time, Siddappa ultimately bought off the enemy for Rs.50, 000. Anantapur then came into the possession of Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan.
    [Show full text]
  • One One Nation Election
    The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS DECEMBER 2020 APTI PLUS Academy For Civil Services Pvt. Ltd. Eastern India’s Best IAS Academy since 2006 ST EDITION An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institute 31 Creating Civil Servants for the Nation ONE NATION ONE ELECTION TROPICAL CYCLONE INDIA-ASEAN SUMMIT: ENHANCING TIES DECEMBER 2020 The IAS Gazette A House Journal of APTI PLUS Sources The Hindu | The Indian Express CONTENTS Live mint | The Economic Times PIB | PRS | ET Government & World Reports GS-I 1-25 (NITI Aayog, Budget, WEF Economic Survey etc.) BIRSA MUNDA 1 Hindu Business Line | NCERTs SARDAR VALLABHBHAI PATEL 2 All standard reference books WARLI PANTING 3 HEAD OFFICE & KOLKATA CAMPUS GANGA UTSAV 2020& NMCG 4 Office no. 803, “AMP Mall Vaisaakkhi” MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD 8 8th floor, Salt Lake Sector – II, GURU TEG BAHADUR 8 Salt Lake City - AG 112, Kolkata-700091 HOYSALA EMPIRE 10 Ph: +91-8820341777 VISHNU TEMPLE AND GANDHARA CIVILIZATION 10 BHUBANESHWAR CAMPUS MONOLITH 11 Plot No. 2280, Biju Pattanaik TROPICAL CYCLONES 13 College Road,Jaydev Vihar, ENSO & MJO 20 Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751013 Phone: 099383 86166 NATIONAL MONSOON MISSION 24 LUHRI STAGE-I HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 24 ELGIN ROAD Elgin Chambers, 3rd Floor, Room No. 302, GS-II 26-64 1A, Ashutosh Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-20 ONE NATION ONE ELECTION 26 mail: [email protected], ELECTORAL BONDS 27 Ph: (033)-40645777, +91-8100765577 OFFICE OF PROFIT 28 MAHAJAN COMMISSION 30 E-mail [email protected] ARTICLE 32 31 [email protected] MEDIA REGULATION 32 Website: http://www.aptiplus.in CONTEMPT OF COURT 33 SECTION 294 OF THE IPC 35 FCRA RULES 36 LEGISLATION ON ‘FREEDOM OF RELIGION’ 37 SC & ST (PREVENTION OF ATROCITIES) ACT 38 SVANIDHI SCHEME FOR STREET VENDORS 39 SC ORDER ON CONFESSIONS IN NARCOTICS CASES 41 SARNA RELIGIOUS CODE 42 NEW WAGE CODE BONUS PROVISIONS 44 ‘GLARING GAPS’ IN TOBACCO CONTROL LAWS 46 ONLINE EDUCATION WOES 49 Arise, awake and stop not till the goal is reached.
    [Show full text]
  • Gommaṭa Rāya’ – Article on Shravanabelagola’S Gommateshwara Statue by Dr S
    ‘GOMMAṬA RĀYA’ – ARTICLE ON SHRAVANABELAGOLA’S GOMMATESHWARA STATUE BY DR S. SRIKANTA SASTRI “Gommaṭa Rāya” by Dr S. Srikanta Sastri The ancient sacred place of the Jainas in South India, sometimes called Jaina Badari, was the Kaṭavapra or Kalbappu giri, later called Sravana Belagola or Sramana Belagola and Sukla Tirtha in the Jaina scriptures. Even as early as the Mauryan age its fame had spread in Northern India and tradition asserts that the great emperor Chandragupta Maurya and his preceptor Bhadrabahu Srutakevali came and resided here for twelve years. Chandragupta is said to have passed away here and a cave at Sravanabelagola is named after him. Regarding the historicity of this episode, Fleet and others were skeptical. That the tradition is at least as old as the 7th century A. D. is proved by the Sravanabelagola inscriptions and literary works. Therefore there is nothing inherently improbable in the tradition and much stronger evidence must be produced before we can endorse Fleet’s opinion that it was Ekangadhara Bhadrabahu and Guptigupta of about the first century A. D. who were associated with Sravanabelagola. Through the succeeding early centuries of the Christian Era, Kaṭavapra was the sacred Tirtha attracting Jaina Sadhus of different Sakhas and different parts of India. The inscriptions of about 700 A. D. mention the names of several saints who ended their days here. The surnames Kirti, Sena, Deva, Nandi which distinguish the four sakhas of Mula Samgha, Konda Kundanvaya were of already prevalent from the beginning of the seventh century. Among the places mentioned in these early inscriptions are Ulikkal, DR S.
    [Show full text]
  • SUNGA and KANVA DYNASTY Sunga Empire (187 to 78 BCE)
    SUNGA AND KANVA DYNASTY Sunga Empire (187 to 78 BCE) Pushyamitra Sunga (187–151 BCE): The dynasty was established by Pushyamitra Sunga, after the fall of the Maurya Empire (when the emperor Brihadratha, the last of the Mauryan rulers, was assassinated by the then Senapati of the Mauryan armed forces, Pushyamitra Sunga). Its capital was Pataliputra, but later emperors such as Bhagabhadra also held court at Besnagar, modern Vidisha in Eastern Malwa. The empire of Pushyamitra was extended up to Narmada in the south, and controlled Jalandhar and Sialkot in the Punjab in the north-western regions, and the city of Ujjain in central India. The Kabul Valley and much of the Punjab passed into the hands of the Indo-Greeks and the Deccan to the Satavahanas. Origin Patanjali in his Mahabhashya and Panini in his Ashtadhyayi clearly states Pushyamitra Sunga was a Brahmin from Bhardwaj Gotra. The meaning of “Sunga” is the fig tree in Sanskrit. So Sungas took their dynastic name from the fig tree. (Other example of Indian dynasties like Kadamba (a tree name) of Banavasi, Pallava(Sanskrit word for “branch and twig”) of Kanchi who took their dynastic name from tree.) Prosecution of Buddhists? It believed by some historians to have persecuted Buddhists and contributed to a resurgence of Brahmanism that forced Buddhism outwards to Kashmir, Gandhara and Bactria. The earliest reference to persecution of Buddhists by Pushyamitra Sunga is from the Sarvastivadin Buddhist text of 2nd Century CE, Divyavadana and its constituent part, the Ashokavadana.Tibetan Buddhist Historian Taranatha also mentions proscution. Pushyamitra Sunga might have withdrawn royal patronage of Buddhist institutions.
    [Show full text]