IISL Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space 2020

Held at the 71st International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2020)

Online 12 -14 October 2020

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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

IISL YOUNG SCHOLARS SESSION AND DR. JASENTULIYANA KEYNOTE LECTURE BY A LEADING SPACE LAW EXPERT

KEYNOTE: A NEW FORMAT FOR SPACE LAW? ...... 1 Stephan Hobe

ARBITRATION OF SPACE-RELATED DISPUTES: CASE TRENDS AND ANALYSES ...... 2 Viva Dadwal, Madeleine Macdonald

PROTECTING THE DARK SKIES OF THE EARTH FROM SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ...... 3 Tejas Bharadwaj

BARRIERS TO LAUNCH: UNDERSTANDING HOW REGULATION IMPACTS THE GROWTH OF SUBORBITAL FLIGHT ...... 4 Jodi Goldberg

IN-ORBIT SERVERS: DOES THE OUTER SPACE TREATY HAVE SPACE? ...... 5 Deepika Jeyakodi

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING: THE NEW ERA OF THE USE OF FORCE ...... 6 Giuliana Rotola, Giacomo Fedele

UTILIZATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES IN OUTER SPACE: COMPLIANCE OF A NATIONAL LAW ON EXPLORATION AND USE OF SPACE RESOURCES WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ...... 7 Martin Svec

ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL ELEMENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM...... 8 Mehran Tarhi

FORESEEING THE REGULATION OF SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE CHARGES: FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES AS A LESSON FROM THE AIRPORT SECTOR ...... 9 Di (Vito) Mei

EUROPEAN SATCOM LICENSING: CURRENT STATUS AND REFORM EFFORTS ...... 10 Edward Burger

COMMERCIAL SPACE MINING: NATIONAL LEGISLATION VS. INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ...... 11 Maquelin Pereira

SPACE HERITAGE: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECTS OF ITS PROTECTION ...... 12 Vladimir Savelev, Albert Khayrutdinov

SPACE TOURISM AND SPACE LAW: APPROACH BASED ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO ASTRONAUTS ...... 13 Jonathan Andrade MOON AND MARS SETTLEMENT: OPEN LEGAL ISSUES

‘FOR ALL MOONKIND’ - LEGAL ISSUES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ON THE MOON: JURISDICTION, FREEDOM AND INCLUSIVENESS ...... 14 Frans Von Der Dunk

LEGAL ISSUES SURROUNDING HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ON THE MOON AND OTHER CELESTIAL BODIES ...... 15 Sandeepa Bhat

NEW MISSIONS ON THE MOON NEW PROBLEMS NEW LEGAL SOLUTIONS ...... 16 Gabriella Catalano

THE LUNAR REGISTRY: AN ENHANCED REGISTRY OF SPACE OBJECTS AND ACTIVITIES ...... 17 Ruvimbo Samanga, Juno Woods, Jessy Kate Schingler, Michelle Hanlon

DEVELOPING AND MANAGING MOON AND MARS SETTLEMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ...... 18 Antonino Salmeri

CIVILIZATIONAL INHERITANCE AND TRANSCENDENCE: WHY SHOULD ANCIENT LAWS HAVE ANY INFLUENCE ON SPACE SETTLEMENT? ...... 19 Christopher Johnson

PROPERTY RIGHTS AND SOVEREIGNTY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND PRINCIPLE ...... 20 Arpit Gupta

BACK TO THE FUTURE: ROMAN LAW AND OWNERSHIP OF OBJECTS CREATED ON CELESTIAL BODIES ...... 21 Gabrielle Leterre

‘JURISDICTION AND CONTROL’ OVER SPACE PRODUCTS IN THE AGE OF MOON AND MARS SETTLEMENT: AN ANALYSIS FROM A PRIVATE LAW PERSPECTIVE ...... 22 Fumiko Masuda

THE EXTRATERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN OUTER SPACE ...... 23 Jonathan Lim

THE FORTHCOMING COLLISION OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW AND INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW IN THE SETTLEMENT OF OUTER SPACE ...... 24 Andrew Butler

OUTLAWS OF THE MOON? CRIME AND PUNISHMENT FOR A SPACEFARING CIVILISATION ...... 25 Christopher Newman

COLONIES ON THE MOON (AND/OR MARS)? NEW CHALLENGES FOR INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL LAW ...... 26 George (Georgios) D. Kyriakopoulos

LAWS OF CELESTIAL SETTLEMENT: OPENING A TWO-FORKED LEGAL PANDORA- BOX - EXTENSION OF NATIONAL LAW OR AN INTERNATIONAL ALL INCLUSIVE TREATY ...... 27 Sethu Nandakumar Menon FUTURES SCENARIOS FOR LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW APPLICABLE TO THE SETTLEMENT OF THE MOON AS THE BASIS OF A SETTLEMENT STRATEGY ...... 28 Anton Alberts, Peter Martinez

COMPROMISE, COMMONHOLD AND THE COMMON HERITAGE OF MANKIND ...... 29 Chelsey Denney

LEGAL SUPPORT FOR THE PRIVATE SECTOR: AN IMPLEMENTATION AGREEMENT FOR THE MOON TREATY ...... 30 Dennis O'Brien

SPACE SETTLEMENTS, SPACE OBJECTS AND THE CONCEPT OF TERRITORY IN OUTER SPACE ...... 31 Thomas Cheney

THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF LONG-TERM HUMAN SETTLEMENT IN OUTER SPACE SPACE COLONIZATION ...... 32 Zeina Ahmad

LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF EVOLVING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESTRAINT OF PERSONAL JURISDICTION: WILL IT PROMOTE PRIVATE SATELLITE DATA DISTRIBUTION? ...... 33 Setsuko Aoki

INFLUENCES AND RELAPSES OF THE GLOBAL COMMONS' DOCTRINE ON REMOTE SENSING REGULATION: PIPE DREAM OR REALITY? ...... 34 Maria Elena De Maestri

REMOTE SENSING DATA ACCESS POLICY, DATA PRODUCTS REGULATORY FRAMEWORK AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT CONCERNS IN AN ERA OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION URGENCY...... 35 Sara Dalledonne

DATA WITHOUT BORDERS: REGULATORY ASPECTS OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING AND HOW IT INTERTWINES WITH THE BUSINESS OF DATA DISTRIBUTION ...... 36 Kang Duan

NEW ZEALAND'S RISK MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK IN OUTER SPACE ...... 37 Maria A Pozza

DATA LAW ASPECTS OF COMMERCIAL SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING: NEW CHALLENGES FOR THE NEW OPPORTUNITIES ...... 38 Souichirou Kozuka, Mayu Terada

THE 1986 UNITED NATIONS PRINCIPLES ON REMOTE SENSING DEALING WITH THE DUAL-USE NATURE OF SPACE IMAGERY ...... 39 Anne-Sophie Martin

“PURE DATA” OR HOW REMOTE SENSING RESULTS CAN BE USED IN THE LITIGATION? ...... 40 Irina Chernykh

SOVEREIGN PRIVACY AND THE EVOLUTION OF EARTH OBSERVATION TECHNOLOGY ...... 41 Dimitra Stefoudi APPLICATION OF SPACE LAW TO CYBER ACTIVITIES

CYBER ACTIVITIES AND CHALLENGES ON STATES RESPONSIBILITY IN SPACE LAW ...... 43 Hamid Kazemi

WHEN CYBER ACTIVITIES ARE SPACE ACTIVITIES: DEFINITIONS ARE KEY ...... 44 Stefan A. Kaiser

CYBERATTACKS AND THE NEED FOR A NEW LEGAL REGIME ...... 45 Sarah De Heer

THE OUTER SPACE AND CYBER-ATTACKS: ATTRIBUTING RESPONSIBILITY UNDER INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ...... 46 Ishita Das

CYBERSECURITY IN OUTER SPACE: COMBATING PERILS OF THE FINAL FRONTIER ...... 47 Chinmoy Roy

SPACE LAW CHALLENGES FOR RECOVERY OF DAMAGE, INFLICTED TO SPACE OBJECTS BY CYBER MEANS ...... 48 Darya Bohdan

CYBER ATTACK ON SPACE ASSETS AND THE APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 51 OF THE UNITED NATIONS CHARTER ...... 49 Olusoji Nester John, Adewole Adedeji

GNSS JAMMING AND SPOOFING UNDER NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ...... 50 Ingo Baumann, Erik Pellander

SATELLITE JAMMING FOR GOVERNMENTAL PURPOSES: WHAT DO TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND SPACE LAW SAY ABOUT ITS LEGITIMACY? ...... 51 Elina Morozova

TERRESTRIAL CYBER ACTIVITY OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ACTORS AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY UNDER OUTER SPACE TREATY ARTICLE VI ...... 52 George Anthony Long

NATIONAL SPACE LAW DEVELOPMENTS WITH PARTICULAR FOCUS ON THE MIDDLE EAST REGION

NATIONAL LEGISLATION FOR SPACE SECTOR IN THE SPACE EMERGING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES ...... 53 Mohamed Amara, Sagee Geetha Sethu

THE 2019 MEASURES ON THE PROMOTION OF A SYSTEMATIC AND ORDERLY DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL CARRIER ROCKETS: THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS A COMPREHENSIVE REGULATION OF CHINESE PRIVATE SPACE ACTIVITIES ...... 54 Fabio Tronchetti

CASE STUDY: THE UAE APPROACH TOWARDS REGULATING SPACE RESOURCES UTILIZATION ...... 55 Sumaya Al Hajeri, Naser Alrashedi DOMESTIC LEGISLATION AND CHALLENGES RELATED TO OUTER SPACE LAWS IN PAKISTAN ...... 56 Shakeel Ahmad

FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF SPACE COMPANIES’ ACTIVITIES IN MIDDLE EAST ...... 57 Daria Balta

THE REGIONAL PREFERENCE FROM A SPACE LAW AND POLICY PERSPECTIVE AND THE EUROPEAN INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATION AS A POTENTIAL MODEL FOR THE MIDDLE EAST ...... 58 Annette Froehlich, Claudiu Mihai Taiatu

NATIONAL COMPLIANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNITED STATES, SOUTH KOREA, BRAZIL, SOUTH AFRICA, AND NIGERIA ...... 59 David Lindgren, Peter Martinez

LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM UAE NATIONAL SPACE LAW - FOR A STABLE AND PROTECTED PRIVATE INVESTMENT IN SPACE SECTOR ...... 60 Sethu Nandakumar Menon

LIABILITY IN OUTER SPACE AND CHALLENGES OF NATIONAL SPACE ACT IN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES SUCH AS IRAN ...... 61 Hamid Kazemi

A REGIONAL INITIATIVE FOR STUDYING THE STATUS OF NATIONAL SPACE LAWS ...... 62 Ikuko Kuriyama, Koichi Kikuchi, Takashi Iwai, Yoko Kagiwada

THE NATIONAL STRATEGY OF CIVIL AND MILITARY INTEGRATION AND ITS IMPACT ON CHINA’S SPACE SECTOR ...... 63 Xiaodan Wu

THE PECULIARITIES OF CANADA’S SPACE LAWS AND LESSONS TO BE LEARNED ...... 64 Aram Daniel Kerkonian

ESTABLISHING THE PHILIPPINE SPACE AGENCY: FROM TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT TO POLICY LEGISLATION ...... 65 Rogel Mari Sese

SPACE LAW IN A NETWORKED WORLD

DOES THE END JUSTIFY THE MEANS? A LEGAL STUDY ON THE ROLE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NORMATIVE PLURALITY IN INTERNATIONAL SPACE GOVERNANCE ...... 66 Alexander Soucek, Jenni Tapio

IMPLICATIONS OF STATE AUTHORIZATION AND CONTINUING SUPERVISION TO CONTEMPORARY SPACE ACTIVITIES ...... 67 Yu Takeuchi

WHOSE FAULT IS IT? - ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND LIABILITY IN INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW ...... 68 Michail Chatzipanagiotis

TWO INHIBITORS TO A THRIVING ECONOMY IN OUTER SPACE: REGULATORY UNCERTAINTY AND TAXATION ENTANGLEMENT ...... 69 Steve Simon NUDGING FOR SPACE ...... 70 Cristiana Santos, Lucien Rapp

BACK TO THE FUTURE: SPACE LAW IN A NETWORKED WORLD ...... 71 Ram Jakhu, Steven Freeland

CYA: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE ON HOW TO DO CYBERSECURITY IN SPACE ...... 72 Pj Blount

NEW SPACE LAW CREATED TO ENABLE SPACE INNOVATION WHILE PRESERVING THE RF ENVIRONMENT IN SPACE; NOTABLE OUTCOMES OF THE ITU’S 2019 WORLD RADIO CONFERENCE ...... 73 Audrey Allison

EU INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SPACE AND TELECOMMUNICATION AREAS ...... 74 Mahulena Hofmann

INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY AND LICENSING SCHEMES FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SATELLITES IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT TO MITIGATE ANTI- COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOUR AND MANAGE NATURAL MONOPOLIES ...... 75 Thomas Green, Patrick Neumann, Kent Grey, Trevor Sandlin, Thomas Cullum, Ilana Pender- Rose, Robert Mahoney

COMMERCIAL OPERATORS AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SPACE: FOR AN ALTERNATIVE JURISDICTION ATTRIBUTION MODEL AND REVISED LIABILITY REGIME IN SPACE ...... 77 Lucas Mallowan, Lucien Rapp

THE INTERNATIONAL ORDERS IN THE FOURTH TERRITORY: THE INFLUENCE OF NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN OUTER SPACE ON GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS AND SPACE LAW- IMPACTS ON SDG2030 ...... 78 Ricardo Guido Lavalle

VIRTUAL PRESENTATIONS - IISL COLLOQUIUM ON THE LAW OF OUTER SPACE

FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW APPLICATION TO STATE ACTIVITIES IN SPACE ...... 79 Darya Bohdan

INDIA'S RECENT APPROACH TO INTERNATIONAL LAW IN OUTER SPACE REGIME AND DRAFT SPACE ACTIVITIES BILL, 2017 ...... 80 Akhand Pratap Rai

SPACE FORCE: THE HARBINGER OF COLD WAR 2? ...... 81 Sri Aditya Kumar, Omkar Hemanth, Jeevan Justin

AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL TRUST SYSTEM TO DEAL WITH THE NEW SPACE ERA ...... 82 Ivan Fino

A COMPLIANCE GUIDE FOR SATELLITE NETWORK OPERATORS WHO PLAN TO CONDUCT BUSINESS IN CHINA...... 83 Huxiao Yang

THE EXPLOITATION OF OUTER SPACE: PERSPECTIVES AND LEGAL CHALLENGES ...... 84 Faysal Benhalilou THE CONTINUITY OF OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE THE SERVICES OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM ; LOOKING SPACE LAW THROUGH THE LENS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ...... 85 Atefeh Abedinpour, S. Hadi Mahmoudi

NEAR SPACE ACTIVITIES - THE SEARCH FOR A NEW LEGAL REGIME ...... 86 Mini Gupta, Tommaso Sgobba

CHALLENGES AND SUGGESTIONS: ENABLING SPACE LAW TO PREPARE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENT IN OUTER SPACE ...... 87 Merve Erdem Burger

LEIDEN LLM STUDENTS AND THE LEGAL AND POLICY ASPECTS OF SPACE RESOURCE UTILIZATION ...... 88 Scott Schneider, Aniela Barug, Wataru Inagaki, Dimitra Stefoudi, Tanja Masson-Zwaan

THE MILITARIZATION OF OUTER SPACE AS A FACTOR OF INNOVATION OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: A COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ...... 89 Alexsandro Souza De Lima

SPACE ACTIVITIES BILL,2017: DOES INDIA'S SPACE LEGISLATION DELIVER? ...... 90 Harshith Iyer

LEGAL CHALLENGES OF THE USE OF THE REMOTE SENSING AS A MEAN FOR FUTURE OF SPACE MINING ...... 91 Anna Hurova

LEGALITY OF MINING IN OUTER SPACE: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS ...... 92 Chinmoy Roy

Author Index