MPD -2041 As an Enabling Strategic Plan (A DDA-NIUA Collaboration)

MPD -2041 as an Enabling Strategic Plan (A DDA-NIUA Collaboration)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Disclaimer

The baseline exercise was conducted in 2018-19 with the purpose of developing an understanding of the status quo of the city and assessing the gaps and strengths in each sector. The baseline report has been prepared using secondary data and information received from various agencies and departments as well as reports and studies. The analysis and maps in the report represent the present situation and are for general information. DDA does not accept any legal liability for the accuracy of information presented in the report or for any consequences arising from the use of this material.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

CONTENTS

List of Figures List of Maps List of Tables List of Annexures 1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ...... 1 1.1. Objective of the baseline preparation: ...... 1 1.2. Methodology adopted for the baseline preparation ...... 2 2. REVIEW OF THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPATER OF MPD-2021 ...... 3 2.1. Thematic Review ...... 3 2.2. Status of targets of MPD 2021 ...... 8 3. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ON PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 9 3.1 Water ...... 9 3.1.1 Overview ...... 9 3.1.2 Water availability and demand ...... 10 3.2.2 Non-revenue water (NRW) ...... 16 3.2.3 Spatial distribution of per capita supply ...... 17 3.2 Sewerage and Drainage ...... 19 3.2.1 Overview ...... 19 3.2.2 Wastewater management ...... 19 3.2.3 Reuse of treated effluent ...... 22 3.2.4 Drainage ...... 22 3.3 Solid Waste...... 27 3.3.1 Overview ...... 27 3.3.2 Solid waste management system in Delhi ...... 28 3.3.3 Solid Waste Management infrastructure ...... 28 3.3.4 Solid waste management efficiency ...... 32 3.4 Power ...... 35 3.4.1 Overview ...... 35 3.4.2 Peak demand ...... 37 3.4.3 Institutional Arrangement for Power Supply in Delhi ...... 38 3.4.4 Power infrastructure ...... 38 3.4.5 Spatial analysis of power supply in Delhi ...... 39

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.4.6 Status of renewal energy in Delhi ...... 43 3.5 Telecommunication ...... 44 3.5.1 Existing National Level Policy Frameworks ...... 44 3.5.2 Existing status of Telecommunication Infrastructure in Delhi ...... 45 3.6 Gas ...... 46 3.6.1 Institutional Arrangement ...... 46 3.6.2 Compressed Natural Gas ...... 46 3.6.3 Piped Network Gas ...... 47 3.7 Disaster Risk Management ...... 49 3.7.1 Earthquakes...... 49 3.7.2 Fire...... 53 3.7.3 Flooding ...... 57 4. CURRENT AND EXPECTED PROJECTS (OR INITIATIVES) BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ...... 58 4.1. Water-related ...... 58 4.1.1 Supply side management ...... 58 4.1.2 Demand side management ...... 58 4.1.3 Pilot Project for Improving the Efficiency of Water Distribution Network ...... 59 4.2. Sewage and Drainage-related ...... 59 4.3. Solid waste management related ...... 61 4.4. Power-related ...... 61 5. LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPLICABLE IN DELHI ...... 61 6. SUMMARY AND REFLECTIONS ...... 63 6.1. Data and information gaps...... 63 6.2. Key insights and areas of concerns ...... 63 7. ANNEXURES ...... 69

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Water Supply System in Delhi ...... 11 Figure 2: Trend of capacity development of WTPs ...... 14 Figure 3: Age of pipe lines ...... 14 Figure 4: Water supply through tankers ...... 16 Figure 5: Status of sewerage in unplanned colonies ...... 20 Figure 6: Average annual discharge (MLD)% ...... 25 Figure 7: Total municipal waste generation of various cities (MT/Year) ...... 27 Figure 8: Trend of solid waste generation ...... 28 Figure 9: Composition of MSW in Delhi ...... 28 Figure 10: Power generated from internal and external sources ...... 35 Figure 11: Sources of Power Supplied in Delhi ...... 36 Figure 12: Power demand in Delhi as per use category (2018-2019) ...... 36 Figure 13: Annual trend of power consumption in Delhi (2015-16) ...... 37 Figure 14: Daily trend of power consumption in Delhi ...... 38 Figure 15: Organizations involved in power supply ...... 38 Figure 16: Distribution of CNG stations by company type in Delhi ...... 47 Figure 17: Treated waste water re-use (in MLD) ...... 60

LIST OF MAPS

Map 1: Spatial overview of water demand ...... 13 Map 2: Water Treatment plants in Delhi ...... 15 Map 3: Spatial distribution of per capita water supply ...... 18 Map 4: Location of the major sewerage-related infrastructure ...... 21 Map 5: Major drains in Delhi ...... 23 Map 6: Drainage catchment basin ...... 24 Map 7: Outfall points of major drains in the river ...... 25 Map 8: Water logging locations in Delhi ...... 26 Map 9: Location of infrastructure facilities ...... 30 Map 10: ULB-wise production of solid waste and treatment efficiencies ...... 33 Map 11: Location of dhalao and parks in Delhi ...... 34 Map 12: Schematic map of location of existing and proposed power infrastructure in Delhi ...... 40 Map 13: Overview of the Power Supply Situation at DISCOM level ...... 41 Map 14: Power use by category in Delhi ...... 42 Map 15: PNG coverage in Delhi ...... 48 Map 16: Fault Line Map of Delhi (left) and Seismic Micro-Zonation Map (right) ...... 50 Map 17: Fire incidents in Delhi ...... 54 Map 18: Water logging locations overlapped on DEM ...... 57 Map 19: Ground water stressed areas ...... 64 Map 20: Flooding hot spots as reported by traffic police ...... 66 Map 21: Flooding hot spots as reported by PWD ...... 66 Map 22: Location of UACs in municipal boundaries ...... 67

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Review of MPD 2021-Physical Infrastructure ...... 3 Table 2: Status of targets of MPD 2021 ...... 8 Table 3: Source of Water ...... 10 Table 4: Breakdown of the total water requirement ...... 12 Table 5: Components of non-revenue water ...... 16 Table 6: Overview of solid waste management infrastructure in Delhi ...... 29 Table 7: Waste collection and transportation systems in Delhi ...... 31 Table 8: ULB waste segregation and targets ...... 32 Table 9: Coverage and the number of customers served ...... 39 Table 10: Details of solar systems installed by various government departments ...... 43 Table 11: List of STPs where power from bio gas is being generated ...... 43 Table 12: Comparative assessment: Available-Required Number of Telecom Infrastructure facilities in Delhi ... 45 Table 13: List of City Gate Stations with capacities ...... 46 Table 14: List of earthquake prone areas in Delhi ...... 51 Table 15: Details of fire hazards in Delhi...... 55 Table 16 : Laws and regulations applicable in Delhi ...... 61

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annexure 1: Methodology adopted for the baseline preparation ...... 69 Annexure 2: Depth of water level ...... 74 Annexure 3: List of WTPs and Ground water sources ...... 75 Annexure 4: List of STPs ...... 76 Annexure 5: List of CETPs ...... 77 Annexure 6: List of 14 decentralised STPs in Najafgarh area ...... 78 Annexure 7: Solid waste management facilities and status ...... 79

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT

This chapter elaborates on the baseline preparation of the baseline preparation for the Physical infrastructure sector. The physical infrastructure addresses seven sub-sectors:  Water  Sewerage and Drainage  Solid Waste  Power  Gas  Telecommunication/IT  Disaster Management

1.1. Objective of the baseline preparation:

The baseline for the physical infrastructure sector sought to answer a number of crucial questions that will inform the overall strategy for the physical infrastructure in Delhi for the planning horizon (2021-2041). Following are the key questions under each sub-sector that were targeted during the baseline preparation:

1. Water a. What is the per capita water supplied to the citizens? How does this vary spatially? b. What is the spatial disaggregated status of piped water supply? c. How is water supplied in areas that are not covered by piped water supply? d. What are the sources of water? Can these sources be relied on for sustainable supply until 2041? 2. Sewerage and Drainage a. Is the existing wastewater infrastructure adequate to manage the current and expected loading? b. What is the status of wastewater reuse in the city? Where is it used? How much is used? c. Is the current drainage network addressing the flooding risk satisfactorily? If not, what are the shortcomings? d. Which are the areas that are prone to flooding consistently? e. Is climate change likely to aggravate the flooding risk in Delhi? If so, how robust is the drainage network to handle risk? 3. Solid Waste a. Are there adequate facilities to manage the current and expected solid waste in the city? b. Do present policies/DCRs support efforts towards sustainable waste management? 4. Power a. Do the citizens have access to reliable and uninterrupted power supply? b. How robust is the current power infrastructure in meeting the current and future power demand? c. What is the share of renewable energy in power supply? Where is it generated? Where is it used? 5. Telecommunication a. What is the existing status with respect to telecommunication infrastructure? b. What are the major technological changes happening and how will it impact the provisioning of physical infrastructure? 6. Gas a. What is the extent of coverage with respect to gas infrastructure in Delhi? b. What are the existing challenges with respect to gas infrastructure in Delhi? 7. Disaster and Risk Management a. What are the type of disasters that Delhi is vulnerable to? b. What is the level of vulnerability Delhi faces? c. What are the existing institutions and mechanisms in place to mitigate risks and disasters in Delhi? 1

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

1.2. Methodology adopted for the baseline preparation

Two avenues were employed in order to carry out the baselining exercise.

1. Data collection: An exhaustive data collection exercise was undertaken to quantify the baseline. In addition to referring to website and published report, a Baselining Expert Group (BG) comprising of senior officers from physical infrastructure government agencies in Delhi was also formed. The BG members helped facilitate data access from their respective agencies and provided strategic advice for the baselining activity. Dr. Shyamala Mani (former professor-NIUA), Mr. Radheshyam Tyagi (former member-WS, DJB), and Mr. Pankaj Batra (former-Chairperson (I/c) & member -Planning, Central Electricity Authority) were engaged as the Sector Advisors to provide expert and technical guidance for the preparation of the baseline.

2. Interaction with Subject Experts: There are number of national and international experts who have worked extensively on different aspects of the physical infrastructure. Efforts were made to engage with some of these experts to enhance the quality of the baseline preparation.

‘Annexure 1’ has the details of the methodology adopted for the baseline preparation.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

2. REVIEW OF THE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE CHAPATER OF MPD-2021

2.1. Thematic Review

The review was conducted by the sector advisors and experts from NIUA. Table 1 presents the highlights of the review.

Table 1: Review of MPD 2021-Physical Infrastructure Review elements Observations on MPD 2021 Suggestions for MPD 2041 Objective Strategy 1. The Chapter describes an integrated approach for a 1. The overall strategy of MPD-2021 is fine. This may be continued for MPD-2041. strategy that packages mutually supportive However, there is a need to carefully construct the chapter so that all infrastructure components i.e. water-sewerage- recommendations, interventions, and proposals are in line with this strategy. drainage for recycling, harvesting and optimal use 2. It may be good for MPD-2041 to leverage on voluminous strategic work already of water; solid waste-sewerage-power for power prepared for Delhi. For example, there is a draft water policy for Delhi that can form generation, etc. the basis for a water strategy. However, the Delhi Govt. has not yet approved the draft policy. Similarly, the Water Master Plan 2021 prepared by JICA is pending approval. Both these documents have been prepared after exhaustive technical studies coupled with a prolonged period of stakeholder discussions and consultations. 3. Similarly, there are a number of recent national policies and missions (e.g. Swachh Bharat Mission; Jal Shakti Abhiyaan; Swachh Surekshan, etc.) can help develop robust strategies for the infrastructure sub-sectors. 4. Delhi Water Policy in line with National Water Policy may be considered in MPD 2041. Also The Water Master Plan 2041 by JICA (though it has not yet been approved by DJB) but all future projects are being implemented as per this Master Plan. So relevant recommendations it can be captured. 5. The Action Plan on Recycle & Reuse submitted by DJB for NGT Monitoring Committee can be considered in MPD 2041. Scope of the chapter 2. In terms of geographical scope, the chapter • The sectoral scope needs to also include the ‘telecommunications’ sub-sector. With acknowledges that sewerage and solid waste rapid advances being made in the technological sector, it is very likely that Delhi in 2041

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

management are GNCTD affairs but water supply, will graduate to 6G or 7G broadband cellular network technology. The infrastructure power and drainage are Inter-State issues. requirement for these categories is very different from that for 3G or 4G. 3. In terms of sectoral scope, the elements of • The scope can also flesh out renewable energy separately given that there is a national physical infrastructure included are: thrust towards non-fossil fuel based sources. Infrastructural solutions will also have to • Water account for the expected in spurt of electric vehicles. • Power • From a waste management point of view, the scope may include value chains of both • Sewerage sanitation and solid waste management (SWM) since the faecal sludge management • Drainage part of the sanitation is part of the SWM activities too. • Solid Waste Management Structure of the 1. The chapter addresses the overall strategy for 1. The coverage of each infrastructural sub-sector (water, sewerage, drainage, power, solid chapter infrastructural development in Delhi, and then waste, telecommunication, and others) must increase. In its current shape, the level of addresses each sub-sector (water, sewerage, detail for each is inadequate. Perhaps a separate chapter for each of these could also be power, drainage, and solid waste) separately under considered. different sub-sections. 2. In light of growing water-related concerns, a separate section on rejuvenation of water 2. Projections of infrastructural requirements have bodies may be added. This section would include guidelines for solid & waste been relegated to Annexures, without any mention management, water front development, ground water recharge, landscaping, social in the core body of the Plan. cohesion, etc. 3. Each sub-section generally addresses four aspects: 3. Given that natural resources are finite, demand side management must be incorporated (a) state of affairs, (b) existing provisions, (c) in MPD 2041. It should describe the modality of implementation of the demand augmentation plans (wherever available), management instruments, and the incentives & disincentives associated with it. (d) recommendations. 4. Yamuna cleaning is also a very important parameter for MPD 2041, from Hygiene, Water Resources, Water Transport and Public Recreational point of view. Technological The MPD 2021 alludes to some technologies for 1. It may not be appropriate for the MPD-2041 to recommend specific technologies coverage waste management (wastewater and solid waste). because there is a risk that emphasis would be only on these technologies in the planning However, this is more like a prescriptive listing based horizon. Given the rapid nature of technological growth, there has to be space to on what is prevalent in other points of the world. accommodate new and emerging technologies. Hence, it would be good if the MPD-2041 Delhi-specific analysis or feasibility of these can create an avenue for proliferation of technological interventions without prescribing technologies is not covered. specifics. 2. In the water sector, the technologies are mostly in the field of waste disposal, water and sewage treatment, and recycling. MPD-2041 could recommend the application of state- of-the-art technology in these domains (without specifying products) and recommend testing the applications of identified technologies in Delhi’s context.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3. For the solid waste management sector, technological interventions are required for treatment, dry waste recycling, material recovery, composting, and biomethanation. 4. For the Power sector, technological interventions are required for fault location, remote transformer monitoring, distribution, energy audit systems, metering demand response, charging stations with grid interaction. Adequacy of norms Norms and standards have been provided for: • In MPD 2041, all the latest norms and standard published by the Central and State Govt. and standards 1. Per capita supply (172 lpcd) or any other regulatory authority should be highlighted. For example, for the water sub- 2. Non-revenue water (15%) sector, CPHEEO has recently introduced new norms; BIS&WHO have standards for water 3. De-centralized wastewater management (All non- quality; DJB also has some norms, like Delhi septage management regulations. An residential buildings having a discharge of over amalgamation of all these may be incorporated in the Chapter on infrastructure. 10,000 litres a day should incorporate a wastewater • The norm of reduced per capita water supply (say 50 GPCD) should be analysed and if recycling) found adequate, can be imposed, as 60 GPCD (the current norm of per capita water 4. Solar energy harnessing (Solar energy should be supply) is neither practically required nor possible to continue with, in a water scarce city encouraged for all establishments with floor area of like Delhi. This will certainly reduce the portable water demand to a large extent. more than 300 m2) • Standards for solid waste management are missing in MPD-2021. There are a number of recently launched Rules that can be mentioned. For example, the SWM Rules 2016, in schedule 4, describe the compost standards. Similarly, standards for plastics recycling are in the Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016. Other Rules include C&D Waste Management Rules 2016, E-Waste Rules 2016, Bio-medical Waste Management Rules 2016, and Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016. There are also CPCB guidelines, CPHEEO manuals and several advisories and guidelines that describe how the various streams of waste are to be segregated at source, stored, collected and transported as separated waste, treated appropriately, reused and recycled to the maximum as such to ensure only a small amount (5-10%) goes to landfills. • For the Power sub-sector, norms of space for sub-stations, underground and surface distribution transformers, islanding schemes, right-of-way norms/requirements for overhead line and underground cables need to be covered. In addition, norms and standards for safety also need to be mentioned. • For renewable energy, in addition to the norms mentioned in MPD-2021, there are also guidelines issued by CEA for rooftop Photo Voltaic plants and electric vehicle charging stations and energy storage that could complement. • In all future Housing development projects, DDA must adopt dual pipeline system for using treated effluent in non-drinking needs.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

• Land requirement for setting up power sub-stations could dictate the norms for allocation. For example, Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) need only 40% of the land area of a normal sub-station. Adequacy of 1. The Plan highlights the need for institutional 1. While institutional capacity building in silos may have taken place, there is hardly any recommendations capacity building as a means to ensure sustainable evidence of cross-sectoral institutional capacity building. This is very much required to made infrastructural development that is responsive to roll out the identified strategy of ‘integrated approach that packages mutually supportive infrastructure components’. the changing needs of the study. It recommends 2. To some extent, decentralized systems, especially for wastewater management and “User Pays” approach and public private solid waste management have been taken up. Given that decentralization is the way partnership as tools for institutional forward, MPD-2041 could step up efforts to incentivize this approach. Community strengthening. participation so far have been limited to ‘consultations’ or ‘appraisals’. Going forward, 2. The Plan emphasizes on community participation there is a need for citizens to take up more active role in the management of and decentralised management in order to decentralized infrastructural solutions. improve the efficiency and to boost the 3. For the Solid Waste Management section, recommendations have been made based on estimated and projected quantity, resulting from a NEERI study. With the introduction performance. of the Management Information System (MIS) by the CPHEEO, comprehensive data on 3. Only indicative solutions/ recommendations have actual quantities can now be available. MPD-2041 should use this as the basis for been given that cannot be implemented in planning interventions. In addition, the status of processing of waste should conform to absence of details. SWM Rules 2016. The status of the various landfills which are listed is outdates dated and need updating. 4. For the water sector, best management practices may be included in MPD 2041 incorporating following components: I. To make uniform water supply universally as recommended by the Water Master Plan 2021 II. Converting intermittent supply into 24x7 III. Reduction of NRW IV. Water auditing V. 100% metering VI. Demand side management VII. Reduction power consumption VIII. Ensuring quality of drinking water IX. Recycle and reuse of water 5. For solid waste management, Swachh Bharat guidelines could form the basis for the recommendations. 6. For the Power sub-sector, recommendations on energy efficiency and energy conservation are direly needed. For example, in order to reduce energy consumption in

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

buildings, the building code should prescribe hollow walls, use of LED lighting, light sensors, smart meters with time-of-use and demand response regulations. 7. A possible recommendation in context of the Power sub-sector is mixed land use to even the demand curve that will result in better utilization of transmission and distribution infrastructure. However, the scenarios of mixed land use will have to be investigated in context of other elements of the Master Plan as well. 8. A robust plan for implementation needs to be set up and mentioned in the MPD itself.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

2.2. Status of targets of MPD 2021

Table 2: Status of targets of MPD 2021 Status Phase Phase Phase Overall II up III up Target Period of I up Increase Components Unit to to up to Phase Phase Phase Monitoring to from 2011- 2016- 2021 I II III 2011 2011- 2016 2021 2021 Augmentation of MGD 5 years 351 139 240 730 water distribution Construction of new MGD 5 years 129 51 89 269 - nil 90* treatment plants Augmentation of MGD 15 years 282 112 194 588 - - 174** sewerage T Plants. Construction of new sewerage treatment MGD 5 years 140 56 97 293 - - 174** plants Augmentation of power distribution MW 2 years 3744 1447 2639 7830 system Development of Ha 5 years 98 39 68 205 sanitary landfill sites Construction / development of Data Constraints Ha 5 years 15 6 11 32 compost / incineration plants Municipal Solid Waste Tons 1 Year 4900 1939 3368 10207 *Dwarka: 50 MGD, Bawana: 20 MGD, Okhla: 20 MGD. ** Okhla-VI: 30 MGD, Kondli-IV: 45 MGD, Yamuna Vihar: 25 MGD, Chilla: 09 MGD, Kapashera: 05 MGD, Pappankalan-II: 05 MGD, Nilothi-II: 20 MGD, Delhi Cantt-II: 15 MGD, Gitorni: 05 MGD.

(Source: Baseline agencies)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3. STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ON PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE 3.1 Water 3.1.1 Overview The water supply and distribution in Delhi is largely managed by the Delhi Jal Board (DJB), which covers almost all areas of Delhi. The only exceptions are the areas under the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and Delhi Cantonment. In these areas, DJB supplies the water in bulk while NDMC and Delhi Cantonment manage the distribution themselves. In areas not covered by the distribution system, DJB provides water through tanker service. However, as per Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) by MoHUA, water supplied through tankers, stand posts or tube wells is not considered as coverage of water. SDG 6 also does not consider un-piped supply as Safe1 drinking water. Water in Delhi comes from five different sources to eleven WTPs, from where it is supplied to each WTP command area as shown in Figure 1.

1 SDG 6: Indicator 6.1.1. (A safely managed drinking water service is defined as one located on premises, available when needed and free from contamination.) 9

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.1.2 Water availability and demand Based on the available sources, Delhi’s water production capacity is 910 MGD2. The demand in 2018, at 60 GPCD, was estimated as 1,140 MGD. There is, therefore, a deficit of 240 MGD. As per the DJB projections, the water demand is likely to increase to 1,380 MGD by 2021 (with a projected population of 23 Million). Unless adequate measures are taken to boost the production capacity (either through supply-side or demand-side management), the deficit between demand and supply in only going to increase. The major source of raw surface water for Delhi are Yamuna, BBMB, Ganga Rivers, and water from Haryana as presented in Table 3. Apart from this DJB also takes water from 2,760 Ranney wells/tube well in the Yamuna flood plain.

Table 3: Source of Water

S. No. Sources of Raw Water Allocated Water (in MGD) 1 Yamuna River and BBMB 540 2 Ganga River 240 3 Ranney wells/Tube wells 81 4 Recycled Water 49 Total 910

(Source: DJB Action plan 2018-19)

DJB is mandated to serve water to both planned and unplanned areas, and therefore, currently provides piped water to 1337 unauthorized/regularized colonies. However, 129 additional colonies will be notified for piped supply by the end of this year. Ground water, which was a major source of water in the past, is no longer seen as a viable source. This is because of the indiscriminate trend and nature of abstraction. Annexure 2 presents the status of the depth to the groundwater across Delhi for both pre- and post-monsoons. It can be gleaned that for most part of Delhi (especially the South) the depth of groundwater is in excess of 10 m, indicating the severity of the problem. For other areas in the North, the depth varies from 2 to 10 meters.

2 Delhi Jal Board Annual diary 2019 10

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Figure 1: Water Supply System in Delhi

Source: JICA (2011)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

The Map 1 below presents a spatial overview of the water demand in Delhi with respect to two broad categories – domestic, and non-domestic. Understandably, most of the water demand is from the domestic sector with patches of non-domestic demand. The following Table 4 presents the breakdown of the total water requirement.

Table 4: Breakdown of the total water requirement3 Source: MPD 2021

S. Norms Quantum (GPCD) Sources of Non-potable Water No. Potable Non- potable 1. Domestic @50 GPCD 30 20 -- Residential 30 20 Recycling & Permissible Ground Water Extraction at Community Level 2. Non-domestic @30 GPCD 5 25 a. Irrigation, Horticulture, - 10 Recycling from Sewerage Recreational, Construction, Treatment Plants (STPs) and Fire @ 6.65 LPCD Permissible Ground Water Extraction b. Public, Semi-Public, 5 15 Recycling from Common Industrial and Commercial Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) Total @ 80 GPCD 35 45

3 MPD-2021

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 1: Spatial overview of water demand

Source: DDA (2018)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Water is received from the Yamuna River & Bhakra Nangal Dam through Delhi branch of Western Yamuna Canal and directed to seven WTPs (Wazirabad, Chandrawal, Haiderpur, Nangloi, Bawana, Dwarka & Okhla). The water from River Ganga is supplied through Ganga Canal to the Bhagirathi & Sonia Vihar water treatment plants. Ranney wells are installed in Yamuna Flood Plains and tubewells in the colonies. Figure 2 presents details about the trend of capacity development4 of the WTPs.

Figure 2: Trend of capacity development of WTPs

920 906 906 906 906 906 900

880 860 847 848 848 836 840 820 810

Installed Capacity 800 780 760 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year Source: JICA (2011)

Water from the 11 WTPs/ground water sources (Annexure 3) is stored in Under Ground Reservoirs (UGRs) before it is put into the distribution system. Delhi has 112 UGRs, each having a corresponding command area. Water from the UGRs is then supplied toSource: the households JICA (2011) through 572 km of main pipelines and 8,363 km 5 of distribution pipelines. 75% of the pipelines have been installed after the year 2000 (Figure 3) suggesting a medium aged network. In areas where there no piped network, water is supplied through tankers to almost 6,500 fixed locations daily. (Figure 4)

Figure 3: Age of pipe lines

20%

75%

After year 2000 Year 1990-2000 before 1990

Source: DJB (2019)

4 Economic Survey of Delhi 2018-19 5 JICA Report

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 2: Water Treatment plants in Delhi

Source: JICA (2011) 15

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

The following Map 2 shows the location of the major water infrastructure WTPs, and UGRs for the water supply system of the city.

Figure 4: Water supply through tankers

250, 24%

377, 37%

407, 39% DJB Contracted Stainless Steel tankers Hired Miled Steel tankers

Source: DJB Summer Action Plan (2019)

3.2.2 Non-revenue water (NRW) Source: DJB Summer Action Plan (2019) Non-revenue Water (NRW) in Delhi has two components6—Physical water losses; and unbilled authorized consumption. Table 5 provides more details of these components. As per the DJB (JICA 2011), the NRW in Delhi is 47%. Given that the pipe network is medium aged (75% of the network has been installed after the year 2000), unbilled authorized consumption forms a significant portion of the NRW in addition to illegal connections. This view is corroborated by the fact that here are 22.45 Lakh connections at present including bulk consumers. However, out of these, only 14.62 lakh (63%) connections have working meters.

Table 5: Components of non-revenue water Non- Unbilled Such as Pipeline Flushing, Fire Fighting, Utility Use Revenue Authorized Water Consumption Water Losses Real (Physical) Leakage on Transmission and/or Losses Distribution Mains Leakage on Service Connections up to Customers’ Meters Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage Tanks Apparent Unauthorized Consumption (Administrative) Losses Metering Inaccuracies

Source: DJB 6 Economic Survey of Delhi 2018-19

16 Source: DJB

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.2.3 Spatial distribution of per capita supply Map 3 shows the per capita water distribution in the different water supply zones of Delhi. The SLB recommends a minimum supply of 135 lpcd for sewered areas. This criteria is matched only in areas under the South Delhi and New Delhi supply zones. In some areas the per capita supply is grossly insufficient (e.g. Mehrauli and Narela), while in many areas it is grossly exorbitant (NDMC, Cantonment, Karol Bagh, Civil lines and Rohini).

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 3: Spatial distribution of per capita water supply

Source: Delhi Urban Environment and Infrastructure Improvement Project and CSE (2001)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.2 Sewerage and Drainage 3.2.1 Overview The sewerage sector in Delhi is also managed by DJB. It is responsible for the entire value chain of the sanitation network that includes collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater. The total wastewater generated in Delhi is 720 MGD. DJB has 20 STPs (Annexure 4) with overall treatment capacity of 617 MGD. However, even the treatment capacity of 617 MGD capacity is not fully utilised as only 458.75 MGD of waste water actually gets treated. Hence, waste water treatment capacity utilisation is about 75%.

3.2.2 Wastewater management In Delhi, there are two types of wastewater management systems. The first is managed by DJB and involves the collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of wastewater via a sewage distribution network system. The second is onsite sanitation system in the form of septic tanks. While this system is largely prevalent in the peripheral areas of Delhi, it is also found in area where the sewage network already exists. The length of network of branch, peripheral sewers is about 8,1007 km. while there is a network of 200 km of trunk sewers with 58 pumping stations. Approximately 45% of Delhi is not covered by sewerage system and the sewage generated from the remaining population is going through a number of surface drains into the river. Apart from the planned areas DJB is extending the services of sanitation through sewer lines in 15958 unauthorised colonies of Delhi. The sewer line facility

7 Delhi Jal Board 8 Summer Action Plan DJB 2019

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

has been provided to 345 unauthorized colonies while sewer line works are in progress in 355. The sewer work is in tender stage in 153 colonies, whereas in 742 colonies proposals are at estimate stage. Resettlement colonies are also covered through sewerage network as seen in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Status of sewerage in unplanned colonies

1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Un-authorised Urban Village Rural Villages Un-authorised Resettlement Regularised Colonies Colonies Colonies 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Total no of colonies Colonies with Sewerage System

Source: Economic survey of Delhi 2019

In addition to domestic wastewater, Delhi produces around 40 MGD of industrial wastewater9. This is typically characterized by presence of acids, alkalis, toxic metals, oil, grease, dyes, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds, lubricants, etc. The pollutants unloaded into the drains usually dissolve or remain suspended in water. Sometimes, they also accumulate on the bottom of the drains. 13 functional Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) have been set up for 17 industrial areas in Delhi. Details of these can be found in Annexure 5. Map 4 shows the location of the major sewerage-related infrastructure for the city.

9 Economic Survey of Delhi 2018-19

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 4: Location of the major sewerage-related infrastructure

Data Source: Delhi Jal Board, DSIIDC and Economic Survey of Delhi 2018-19

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.2.3 Reuse of treated effluent As per MoHUA guidelines benchmark for reuse and recycling of Waste Water is 20% (SLB for Urban water and Sanitation) however in case of Delhi only 12% of total waste water generated is reused (i.e. out of 720 MGD, only 89 MLD10 is reused). 3.2.4 Drainage There are around 130011 drains in Delhi, covering 1700 kms. A thousand small storm drains flow into 22 main drains- a large part of these drains carrying a mix of affluent and untreated sewage. Delhi has been demarcated into six drainage zones namely. Delhi is demarcated into three basins and six drainage zones12 as shown in Map 6. These zones are (i) North Zone, (ii) West Zone, (iii) Central North West and South East Zone, (iv) Central South and South East Zone, (v) East Zone, and (vi) South Zone. Map 5 and Map 6 respectively shows the major drains and Catchment basins of GNCTD respectively while Map 7 shows the out-fall points13 of major drains in the river Yamuna.

10 Delhi Jal Board 11 Drainage Master Plan 2031 for Delhi by IIT Delhi, https://dda.org.in/tendernotices_docs/dev/Main_report%20DMP_Version506092018.pdf 12 Same as 10 13 Interim report of the monitoring committee for the rejuvenation of the river Yamuna & abatement of pollution

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 5: Major drains in Delhi

Source: Drainage Master Plan -2031 (2017)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 6: Drainage catchment basin

Source: Drainage Master Plan 2031 (2017) 24

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 7: Outfall points of major drains in the river

Source: NGT Monitoring Committee Report (2018)

The existing storm runoff system of Delhi is prone to frequent episodes of drainage congestion and therefore is widely perceived to be sluggish. Water logging is a frequent occurrence in the NCT of Delhi. Map 8 show the 162 water logging locations reported by traffic police and PWD. The final disposal of majority of the storm water generated from Delhi is into river Yamuna through outfall points distributed across various sites along its course through Delhi. Figure 6 shows the annual discharge from the various drains in to the river Yamuna.

Figure 6: Average annual discharge (MLD)%

NAJAFGARH DRAIN 3% 2%2% OLD AGRA CANAL AT OKHLA

12% 52% POWER HOUSE DRAIN

ISBT & MORI GATE DRAIN 1% SHAHADRA DRAIN 2% BARAPULLA DRAIN 4% SEN NURSING HOME DRAIN SARITA VIHAR DRAIN OLD AGRA CANAL NEAR KALINDI VIHAR 13% TUGHLAKABAD DRAIN

1% ABU FAZAL DRAIN 2% 6% Misc other DAINS

Source: NGT Monitoring Committee Report (2018)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 8: Water logging locations in Delhi

Source: PWD and Delhi traffic police (2018) and Drainage Master Plan 2031 (2017) 26

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.3 Solid Waste 3.3.1 Overview Delhi is among the largest producers of the waste14 in the country, as seen in Figure 7. It produces 10,500 tonnes per day of municipal solid waste, which is projected to rise to 17,000– 25,000 tonnes per day by the year 2021. Figure 8 shows the projected trend15 of solid waste for Delhi.

The solid waste management in Delhi is the responsibility of the urban local bodies—EDMC, NDMC, SDMC, New Delhi MC, and Cantonment Board. The ULBs have outsourced the collection and transportation of waste to private vendors, and manage the treatment and disposal themselves.

Figure 7: Total municipal waste generation of various cities (MT/Year)

Kolkata

Hyderabad

Chennai

Mumbai

Delhi

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

14 Economic Survey of Delhi 2018-19 15 DUAC report

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.3.2 Solid waste management system in Delhi The trend of solid waste generation in Delhi has been on the rise for the last several years, and is expected to continue in the future under the business as usual scenario. The management of solid in Delhi is under the jurisdiction of the municipal bodies. The municipal bodies have categorized Delhi into 12 zones for solid waste management: City Zone namely: City Zone, Central Zone, South Zone, Karol Bagh Zone, Sadar Pahar Ganj, West Zone, Civil Lines Zone, Shahdra South Zone, Shahdra North Zone, Narela Zone, Najafgarh Zone, Rohini Zone.

Figure 8: Trend of solid waste generation

Source: DUAC, City Level Project Report (2017)

The composition of municipal solid waste16 in Delhi is largely biodegradable (38.6%) suggesting good potential for composting, as gleaned from Figure 9. A good proportion of the waste is in the form of inert material, which cannot be processed and, hence, has to be sent to landfills.

Figure 9: Composition of MSW in Delhi

Biodegradable

Paper

35% 38% Plastic Metal

Glass and Crockery 14% Source:Non-biodegradable CPCB annual report (2017) 6% 1% 0% 6% Inert (stones, bricks, ashes, etc.)

3.3.3 Solid Waste Management infrastructure The municipal corporations manage the waste in three ways namely composting, waste to energy

16 Report of committee constituted for SWM-2018, Delhi by Hon’ble SC

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

and by sending it to landfill sites. Approximately 55% of the total generated waste is processed through Waste to Energy and Waste to Compost plants and rest is dumped in 3 Sanitary Landfill Sites (SLFs). About 70–80% of the generated MSW is collected, while the rest remains unattended to on streets or in small open dumps. Table 6 gives the details of the various solid waste infrastructure facilities17 available in Delhi.

Detailed information about each of these waste management facilities can be found in Annexure 7. The municipal corporations adopt different methods to manage the waste generated in the concerned areas Table 7 provides details of how the solid waste is collected and transported by these various municipal bodies also the Map 9 shows the locations of Solid Waste Management infrastructure facilities in Delhi.

Table 6: Overview of solid waste management infrastructure in Delhi

S. No Facility Location Capacity Managed by 1. Composting Plants 1. Okhla 200 TPD IL & FS 2. Bawana 1500 TPD Delhi MSW Solutions Ltd 2. Waste to Energy 1. Bawana 2000 TPD North DMC Plants 2. Okhla 1800 TPD SDMC 3. Ghazipur 1300 TPD EDMC 3. C&D Processing 1. Burari 2000 TPD North DMC Plants 2. Shastri Park 500 TPD EDMC 3. Ranikhera 150 TPD DMRC 4. Landfills 1. Bhalaswa 60 Acres North DMC 2. Ghazipur 70 Acres EDMC 3. Okhla Source:32 ActionAcres committeeSDMC report for SWM Delhi (2019) 4. Bawana 40 Acres North DMC

Source: PWD and Drainage Master Plan 2031Action committee report

Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi (2019)

Source: PWD and Drainage Master Plan 2031Action committee report

17 Report of committee constituted for SWM, Delhi by Hon’ble SC-2018

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 9: Location of infrastructure facilities

Source: DUAC, City Level Project Report (2017)

30 Source: NIUA

Source: DUAC, City Level Project Report (2017) BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table 7: Waste collection and transportation systems in Delhi

Body Zones of Primary collection Secondary collection Infrastructure/equipment responsibility available North 1. City Zone Auto tippers are engaged for door-to-door  Waste from dustbins and  700 Dhalao/ Dustbin DMC 2. Sadar collection of waste  4054 Wheelbarrows Pahar Ganj  s are sent to SLF Narela-Bawana  1800 Tricycle/ Rickshaw 3. Karol Bagh engineered landfill site through a private  176 Hand carts 4. Civil Lines organization and segregation is done by  376 Auto tippers 5. Narela them 6. Rohini  City Zone, S.P. Zone, Karol Bagh Zone of North DMC have also been outsourced to private players. Segregation done by concessionaires at secondary collection points, i.e. Dhalaos. Agencies involved include Delhi Waste Management, A.G Enviro Infra Projects South 1. Central  In Najafgarh Zone street-to-street collection is  After the primary collection of solid waste,  756 Dhalao/ Dustbin DMC Zone done by auto tippers. it is transferred to i) Fixed Compactor  2900 Wheelbarrows 2. West Zone  For other zones, the informal sector i.e. waste Transfer Stations (FCTS) ii) Mobile  982 Tricycle/ Rickshaw 3. South Zone pickers carry out door-to-door collection of Compactors to reduce the waste volume.  274 Auto tippers 4. Najafgarh MSW. SDMC provides necessary resources (e.g. auto tippers, cycle-rickshaws, wheelbarrows etc.) The primary and secondary collection of MSW has been awarded to concessionaires for three zones in SDMC. These are M/s ILFS, AtoZ, SSIL for central zone, west zone and south zone respectively. Tender for Najafgarh zone on PPP Model has been invited. East DMC 1. Shahdara In both zones, street-to-street collection is carried The garbage collected at dhalao/ open sites is  300 Dhalao/Dustbin South Zone out by auto tippers. transported from dhalao to the SLF, Gazipur  1634 Wheelbarrows 2. Shahdara by 100 trucks and 30 loaders in three shifts  960 Tricycle/ Rickshaw North Zone beat wise daily  302 Auto tippers NDMC NDMC area Door to door collection in all areas Private players takes care of the waste post 28 Auto tippers collection Delhi Catonment 100% door to door collection by a private contractor Private players takes care of the waste post  509 Dhalao/ Dustbin Cantt. Area is being done collection  16 Auto tippers Board

Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi (2019)

31 Source: PWD and Drainage Master Plan 2031Action committee report

Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi (2019) BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.3.4 Solid waste management efficiency Waste segregation is at the heart of an effective solid waste management system. Table 8 shows the current status of waste segregation for each of the municipal bodies. It can be observed that there is hardly any segregation done in most part of Delhi. The practice is only followed in areas under the New Delhi Municipal Council and Cantonment Board. Even here, the efficiency is less than 70%. The efficiencies are calculated considering the extent of waste managed through various techniques and the proportion of the waste generated sent to the landfill sites, Map10 presents a comprehensive status of the waste management efficiency for each ULB. It can be observed that only New Delhi Municipal Council has 100% efficiency, where all the waste is either composted or converted to energy. Conversely, in EDMC, 70% of the waste ends up in the landfills. This figure is 60%, 45%, and 40% and for North DMC, South DMC respectively, and Cantonment board.

Table 8: ULB waste segregation and targets ULB Segregation Status and Targets Name of %age segregation %age of segregation Date by which to be ULB as of 2018 aimed at achieved

New Delhi Municipal 70% 100% 31/03/2019 Council Delhi Cantonment 50% 90% 31/05/2019 Board East DMC Negligible 80% 31/03/2020 South DMC Negligible 80% 30/09/2021 North DMC Negligible 80% 30/09/2021

Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi (2019)

The solid waste management efficiency can be further improved with a better plan to handle the bio-degradable waste at ULB level. The MCDs as shown in Map 10 have very poor waste to compost conversion rate. Better segregation at source followed by facility of composting at neighbourhood level can enhance the conversion of waste to compost. The neighbourhood parks and other green areas and the respective dhalaos can be integrated so to create a good hybrid space for composting. Map 11 overlays the locations of dhalaos and green areas, which could be used as potential composting spaces.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 10: ULB-wise production of solid waste and treatment efficiencies

Data Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi 2019, Analysis NIUA 33

Data Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi 2019, Analysis NIUA

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 11: Location of dhalao and parks in Delhi

Source: DUAC, City Level Project Report (2017), DDA and GSDL, Analysis by NIUA

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.4 Power 3.4.1 Overview Delhi currently has a power demand of 33,082 MUs18 annually. The per-capita consumption of the consumers in Delhi is more than 1741 units per annum as against the national average of 1208 units as of 2019-20. As per the service plan of Depatr]ment of Power, Delhi, Out of the total installed capacity, 75 % is purchased from sources outside of Delhi such as Dadri, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation, Jhajjar at Haryana , Damodar Velly Corporation at West Bengal, Tehri Hydro Development Corporation Limited at Uttaranchal, Nathpa Jhakri Hydro Electic Plant, allocation through bi-lateral agreements etc. Approximately 25% of the installed capacity is within Delhi such as Combined Cycle Gas Turbines (CCGT) at Bawana, Pragati, Gas Turbine etc.; refer Figure 10 below.

Figure 10: Power generated from internal and external sources

7479

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Total

Internal Installed Capacity (CCGT Bawana, Pragati, Power Cooperation Ltd (PPCL) and Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd (IPGCL)) External Installed Capacity (Jhajjar, Haryana, DVC, West Bengal and THDC, Uttarakhand)

Source: State Load Despatch Centre (July 2020)

The total power tie-up of Delhi is around 7901MW. Out of the total installed capacity, 1971.2 MW (25%) is internally generated while remaining 5929.8 MW (75%) is generated outside Delhi. The composition of existing installed capacity is powered by sources of generation such as Coal (52.76%), Gas (25.89%), Hydro (9.43%), Solar (6.15%), Renewable-Non Solar (4.64%) and Nuclear (1.14%); refer Figure 11 below.

18 Dept of Power, GNCTD (2019-20)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Figure 11: Sources of Power Supplied in Delhi

Thermal Gas Hydro Nuclear Renewable-Solar Renewable-Non solar

5% 6% 1%

53%

26%

Source: Dept. of Power, Delhi (2021)

The weighted average technical & commercial Losses for Delhi is 8.09% against national average of 24.67%. With addition of transmission loss, it comes up to 9.01%. Presently, Delhi has a low load factor of 51%. This suggests underutilization of facilities as compared to Delhi, the load factor of Mumbai is around 67%,. Delhi’s electricity utilization pattern is such that 83% is for domestic use followed by 15% for non-domestic use, 2% accounts for other (Industrial/ agriculture/ public utilities etc.); refer Figure 12 below.

Figure 12: Power demand in Delhi as per use category (2018-2019) Power demand per use category (%)

1% 1% 15% Domestic

Non domestic

Industrial

83% Agriculture

Source: Dept. of Power, Delhi (2021)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.4.2 Peak demand Delhi’s peak demand has doubled in the last 14 years, growing faster than the population of the city. In July 2019 Delhi experienced its highest ever peak demand of 7409MW and it is expected to touch 8000MW in summers of 2021-22. Delhi experiences two peaks during the summer, day time in commercial areas and night time peaks in residential. The rising peak demand is mainly attributed to high usage of air-conditioners and managing the peak demand is one of the major challenges going ahead for Delhi.

Delhi’s demand and supply pattern for the FY 2015-16 shows a build-up of peak demand between May and June; refer Figure 13 & 14 below. In the month of July, the difference in maximum peak and minimum peak is around 3300 MW. The peak demand reduces considerably between October and December. A minor increase in demand is experienced in January with the difference between maximum peak and minimum peak at 2800 MW. Variation of around 2000 MW in a single day is observed during the summer months with maximum demand of 6188 MW & Min. demand of 4173 MW ~ 48%. During the day in the summer, the peak consumption builds up late in the afternoon around 3.18 pm and the second peak takes place around midnight. During the day the peak load is experienced due to high commercial usage while in the night due to high use age of AC’s in residential areas. There is barely any difference between night and day peaks during the month of May with the temperature soaring between 40 and 45o c. Delhi's peak demand has been consistently higher than that of Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai taken together during summer season19.

Figure 13: Annual trend of power consumption in Delhi (2015-16)

Source: DERC (2015-16)

19 www.downtoearth.org.in/news/environment/why-is-delhi-s-electricity-demand-rising-so-rapidly--60831

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Figure 14: Daily trend of power consumption in Delhi

Source: DERC (2015-16) 3.4.3 Institutional Arrangement for Power Supply in Delhi The power scenario in Delhi has improved considerably after the power sector reform in July 2002. The then Delhi Vidyut Board was unbundled into five entities, w.e.f. 01.07.2002 . The power supply in Delhi is managed under four broad categories—Generation is managed by Indraprastha Power Generation Company Limited, Holding is managed by Delhi Power Company Limited, Transmission is managed by Delhi Transco Limited, and Distribution is managed by DISCOMs. The three distribution companies namely BRPL, BYPL, TPDDL (and NDMC & Cantonment Board) are responsible for supply of power in Delhi. Delhi being the national capital and hub of commercial activities in the Northern Region has very high demand for power. Refer Figure 15 for institutional arrangement chart.

Figure 15: Organizations involved in power supply

Source: Dept. Of Power, Delhi 3.4.4 Power infrastructure The power transmission network in Delhi consists of four 400 KV and forty-one 220 KV substations. The existing network consists of 400 KV ring around the periphery of Delhi interlinked with the 220 KV network spread all over Delhi. Present Transmission Capacity of DTL is 5410MVA at 400kV level and 14060MVA at 220kV level. The total transmission line length in Ckt. Km. is 249.192 at 400 KV level and 824.22 at 220 KV level. Refer Map 12 for schematic diagram of existing and proposed power related infrastructure.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.4.5 Spatial analysis of power supply in Delhi The three distribution companies (and NDMC & Cantonment Board) are responsible for supply power in Delhi. Table 9 presents details of the number of customers served by these companies.

Table 9: Coverage and the number of customers served S.No DISCOM Total consumers Total Smart meters installed (in lacs) (in lacs)

1 BRPL 27.3 (4881 numbers)

2 BYPL 17.7 (147 numbers)

3 TPDDL 18.2 2.1

4 NDMC 0.7 0.6

Total 63.9 2.7

Source: Power Dept., Delhi

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 12: Schematic map of location of existing and proposed power infrastructure in Delhi

. Map Source: Delhi TRANSCO (2018) 40

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 13: Overview of the Power Supply Situation at DISCOM level

Source: Power Survey of India 2018, Dept. of Power, GNCTD, Analysis by NIUA

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 14: Power use by category in Delhi

Map Source: 19th Electric Power Survey of India, NIUA Analysis

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.4.6 Status of renewal energy in Delhi Various efforts are being made within Delhi towards harnessing renewable energy. The overarching National Renewable Energy Policy by MNRE through the assigned Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) as well as the state level solar policy 2016 sets out clear targets for enabling the transition towards renewable energy. As per the RPO targets, Delhi needs to meet about 19% of its consumption from renewables by 2022. The Solar Policy for Delhi (2016) estimates a solar energy potential of 2500 MW for Delhi, and sets a target of 1995 MW which needs to be installed by 2025 with 75% of RPO targets sourced from within Delhi. Various government departments are taking initiatives towards installing solar systems and meeting set targets; refer Table 10 below.

Table 10: Details of solar systems installed by various government departments S. No. Government Departments No. of Solar Systems 1. North MCD 164 2. East MCD 9 3. SDMC – Installed 135 4. SDMC- Installation in progress 177

5. Jail (Rohini, Tihar, Mandoli) 3

6. DTC Depot 12

7. ITI/Polytechnic/Institutes 16

8. Delhi Govt. Schools 266

9. DJB 48

10. Delhi Courts 3 Total 833 Table Source: Dept. of Power, Delhi (2021)

SDMC installed a total capacity of 9.255 MW of solar roof during the year 2018-19. The net meter was installed on 152 buildings and total energy generated is 26, 36,888 electrical units. Another major shift towards renewable energy is attributed to DMRC’s use of solar energy in their operations of rolling stock. 60% of DMRC’s day time demand is met by solar energy bought from Rewa in Madhya Pradesh. This will help DMRC not only reduce its dependence on coal, but also save Rs. 793 crore on its energy bill over the next 25 years. 24% of the solar energy generated at the 1,590 acre Rewa solar park is bought by DMRC. DJB also generates a total of 64,580 KWH from bio gas at 9 STPs with a total combined capacity of 216 MGD; refer Table 11 below.

Table 11: List of STPs where power from bio gas is being generated S. No. Name of STP Capacity Units generated (MGD) KWH 1. Kondli Phase-IV 45 8100 2. Yamuna Vihar Phase-III 25 7400 3. Chilla 9 30 4. Keshopur Phase-I 12 Gas produced but flared 5. Nilothi Phase-II 20 3450 6. Pappankalan Phase-II 20 9200 7. Rithala Phase-II 40 22800 8. Okhla Phas-VI 30 8500 9. Delhi Gate Phase-II 15 5100 Total 216 64580

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table Source: Delhi Jal Board (2019) 3.5 Telecommunication The telecom industry has truly played an instrumental role in shaping the way exchange of goods and provision of urban services take place in our cities. Ushering in what many call the 4th Industrial Revolution. The wide spread of ICTs and internet usage has notably driven majority of the disruptions such as Amazon/ Flipkart, UBER/ OLA, Air BNB/ OYO, Swiggy/ Zomato, Netflix/ Amazon Prime etc. 5G is expected to extend beyond the traditional voice and data services. 5G network offers increased reliability, lower latency, higher throughput, increased connection density which would enable massive commercial deployments of technologies such as IoT, AI, RPA, AR/ VR. 3.5.1 Existing National Level Policy Frameworks Telecommunication is a central subject, therefore governing policies for the sector are prepared at the central level. Two important enabling national policies that will speed up the digitalisation movement in India are: National Digital Communications Policy 2018:

 Provide universal broadband connectivity at 50 Mbps to every citizen.  Provide 1 GBPS connectivity to all Gram Panchayats by 2020 and 10 GBPS by 2022.  Ensure connectivity to all uncovered areas.  Attract investments of USD 100 billion in the digital communications sector.  Train one million manpower for building new age skill.  Expand IoT ecosystem to 5 billion connected devices.  Establish a comprehensive data protection regime for digital communications that safeguards the privacy, autonomy and choice of individuals.  Facilitate India’s effective participation in the global digital economy.  Enforce accountability through appropriate institutional mechanisms to assure citizens of safe and secure digital communications infrastructure and services. Telegram Right Of Way Rules 2016: Provides exclusive rights to telecom operators (telcos) to temporarily acquire land for laying down fibre cables and mobile towers. Projects of laying optic fibre cable at city level are sanctioned by the road owning agencies through bids which can be taken up by any private party.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.5.2 Existing status of Telecommunication Infrastructure in Delhi Delhi is considered a single region or a circle20 for the distribution of telecom services. Apart from public agencies, the private sector plays an extensive role in servicing the city. Some key statistics as available from secondary data sources (for year 2018) 21:  Delhi currently has over 57 million connections, of which 54 million are wireless connections (both private and public agencies) and over 3.2 million are wired subscribers.  Within the wired connections, public sector (MTNL) has about 46% share22; while amongst the wireless connections, MTNL has comprises of only about 4.3%.  Overall tele-density23 of Delhi is 254.49 [(Wired: 14.14; Wireless: 240.35); (Public: 16.91; Private: 237.58)]. Overall tele-density for all India level (at the end of March 2017) was recorded as 91.64.  In addition, Delhi has 31.14 million internet subscribers  With regards the associated infrastructure, there were 53 MTNL Sanchaar Haats (Telephone Exchanges, Remote Subscriber Units, etc.) in all up to December 2018.

Apart from this, Delhi is also serviced by an extensive network of telecom towers through various private stakeholders (like Vodafone, Bharti Airtel, Idea, Jio, etc.24) and according to the telecom sector Delhi has 23124 GSM, 22269 3G and 46231 4G-LTE (a total of 91624) towers MPD-2021 puts forward following provisions: - Telephone Exchange: 1 per 10 lakh population; Plot area: 2500 sq.m. - RSU (Remote Subscriber Unit): 1 for 3 km radius; Plot area: 300 sq.m. ‐ Media & News agency incl. media centre: 1 per 10 lakh population; Plot area as required

Table 12: Comparative assessment: Available-Required Number of Telecom Infrastructure facilities in Delhi

Facility Telephone exchange Remote Subscriber Unit (RSU) Number of facility required 1 for every 10 Lakh 1 for every 10 Lakh Districts Population (2011) Needed Available Needed Available NCT of Delhi 16787941 17 26 17 24

20 In the Telecom sector, each State is named as a Circle (source: Growth and Development of Telecom Sector in India – An Overview, Dr. Gopika.G.G) 21 Telecom Statistics India, 2018, Dept. of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications- GoI (data at end of March 2018) 22 Press Release No. 22/2019, TRAI: Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on Dec-18 and Jan-19 23 Tele-density: Number of connections per 100 population 24 Information available online on the website – https://www.nperf.com/en/map/IN/1273294.Delhi/1639.Airtel/signal/?ll=28.60260871855909&lg=77.20230102539064 &zoom=12

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.6 Gas Delhi currently has 7,677 km of Medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) pipeline network and 666 km of Steel Pipeline Network with a design capacity of 5.54 MMSCMD25. There are 5 city gate stations supplying gas to Delhi (Desu, Bawana, Maruti, IFC 3, Mayur Vihar).

Table 13: List of City Gate Stations with capacities City Gate Drawal Sr. No. Station (SCM) 1 Desu 1492195 2 Bawana 2176861 3 Maruti 1153375 4 IFC 3 677699

5 Mayur Vihar 48762

Total 5548892 Source: IGL (2020)

3.6.1 Institutional Arrangement At the central level, natural gas is regulated by Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board, which sets service level benchmarks and supply norms. Indraprastha Gas Ltd (IGL) was incorporated by in 1998 as a company responsible for laying network for the distribution of natural gas in the National Capital Territory of Delhi to consumers in the domestic, transport, and commercial sectors. IGL took over Delhi City Gas Distribution Project in 1999 from GAIL (India) Limited (Formerly Gas Authority of India Limited). The transport sector uses natural gas as Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), the domestic and commercial sectors use it as Piped Natural Gas (PNG) and Regasified Liquefied Natural Gas (R- LNG) is being supplied to industrial establishments.

3.6.2 Compressed Natural Gas As per the Indraprastha Gas Limited (IGL), presently (2021), there are a total of 409 CNG stations in Delhi with 4 control rooms at Rohini, Dwarka, Jail Road and Shakurpur. Out of the 409 CNG stations around 250 stations are integrated with petrol pumps. Out of the 409 CNG stations in Delhi 54% are owned by Oil Marketing Companies (HPCL, BPCL, IOCL), while 32% is Corporation Owned Corporation Operated (IGL), 13% is owned by Delhi Travel Corporation (DTC) and Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DIMTS) and 1% is Dealer Owned Dealer Operated; refer Figure 16.

25 Indraprastha Gas Pvt Ltd- 2020

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Figure 16: Distribution of CNG stations by company type in Delhi

Oil Marketing Companies Dealer-Owned-Dealer-Operated Model Corporation Owned Corporation Operated DTC DIMTS

Source: IGL (2020)

3.6.3 Piped Network Gas A total of 9,66,098 households (roughly 25 % of the total households in Delhi) are connected by piped gas, spread across 25% of the area within Delhi. 8.4% of the area within Delhi is planned to be connected with PNG. Around 50.4% of Delhi has been identified as technically not fit for augmentation of PNG networks by IGL. These areas include JJ colonies, UACs, Green Areas, Restricted Areas and Water Bodies. Areas which have sizeable population and are identified as technically not fit shall continue to be serviced by LPG. New land pooling areas can be considered for augmentation of PNG. Around 1.4% has been identified partially fit for augmentation. Refer Map-15.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 15: PNG coverage in Delhi

Source: IGL (2020)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.7 Disaster Risk Management High population densities in unplanned settlements, along with chronic under-provisioning of basic utilities and services as well as aging infrastructure (water, sanitation, transport, health, etc.), makes Delhi particularly vulnerable to disasters. Many of these settlements are also located on low lying lands and built with minimum regard to building byelaws. All these factors put together make Delhi vulnerable to natural disasters such as earthquakes, flooding, cloud-bursts, cold wave/ heat wave, thunder-storms/ squall, epidemics/ pandemics (biological) such as the recent CoViD 19 and man- made disasters such as building collapse due to fires and lack of structural safety, traffic/ road accidents, terrorism/ cyber-attacks, environmental pollution, water scarcity, social vulnerability and industrial hazards/ chemical disasters.

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 stipulates preparation of state and district disaster management plans aimed at reducing disaster risks as well as ensuring strong preparedness, response, and rehabilitation measures for coping with disasters. The State Disaster Management Plan of Delhi named as ‘Delhi Disaster Management Plan’ (DDMP) is prepared as per the guidelines issued by the National Disaster Management Authority and duly approved by Delhi Disaster Management Authority, chaired by Hon’ble Lt. Governor of Delhi. 3.7.1 Earthquakes According to the seismic zone map of India, Delhi is located in Zone-4 which has fairly high seismicity where the general occurrence of earthquakes is 5-6 magnitude, a few of magnitude 6-7 and occasionally of 7-8 magnitude is anticipated further. Delhi sits on 3 fault lines namely Sohna fault line, Mathura fault line and Delhi-Moradabad fault line.

The potential seismic hazard in Delhi is attributed to the Himalayan thrust system and activation of fault systems of the Delhi Fold Belt (DFB). Delhi is located in the Delhi Fold Belt characterised by folded sequences of quartzite with minor meta-pellites, with distinct folding episodes of the Proterozoic period. The DFB is bounded by two important strike-slip faults namely the Mehendragarh-Dehradun Subsurface Fault (MDSSF) and the Great Boundary Fault (GBF). Another important structural element of the belt is the NW-SE trending Delhi-Sargodha Range (DSR) which passes through Delhi and is flanked by basins on either side, viz, the Sahaspur in the north and the Bikaner basin in the southwest; refer Map 16.

Majority of the building stock in Delhi is characterised by buildings which are unsafe due to rampant unauthorised constructions and non-compliance with building byelaws; refer Table 13 for details regarding areas in Delhi and their level of vulnerability to earthquakes.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 16: Fault Line Map of Delhi (left) and Seismic Micro-Zonation Map (right)

Map Source: National Centre for Seismology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table 14: List of earthquake prone areas in Delhi Sl. No. District Area Name Level of Risk No. of incidences Major Reasons/ Causes Mostly Model Town Subdivision, Schools are also potential risk Reasons are unauthorised locations, Non-compliance of building constructions (including 1 North byelaws, unauthorised constructions High Risk 35 incidents in last two years additions, extensions) Unauthorised and resettlement colonies are at high risk, Residential Non-compliance of building colonies of Ashok Vihar, Rohini, byelaws, unauthorised 2 North West Pitampura, High Risk 53 incidents in last two years constructions

Unauthorized Colonies: Bindapur, Non-compliance of building Uttam Nagar, Chander Vihar, Raghubir byelaws, unauthorised 3 West Nagar, etc are at high risk High Risk 10 incidents in last two years constructions Non-compliance of building 3 roof collapse incidents in byelaws, unauthorised 4 South West High Risk 2013-14 constructions

Slums and unauthorised colonies are at Noncompliance of building high risk, Most of the incidents at byelaws, unauthorised 5 South Sangam Vihar and Lodo Sarai High Risk 10 incidents in 2013 constructions

Slums and unauthorised colonies are at Non-compliance of building high risk, Most of the incidents at Jamia byelaws, unauthorised 6 South East Nagar, Garhi, etc. High Risk constructions

Recent report of CPWD mentions: Many bungalows of Lutyens Delhi may not be able to withstand earthquake High-rise buildings in which seismic 7 New Delhi protection has not been incorporated High Risk 16 incidents from 2009-2014

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Unsafe, insensitive additions to the old building structures Non-compliance of building Unauthorised colonies and walled city byelaws, unauthorised 8 Central are at high risk High Risk constructions Old & unsafe buildings, Non- compliance of building Subdivisions Shahdara and Seemapuri byelaws, unauthorised 9 Shahdara are at high risk High Risk constructions Old & unsafe buildings, Non- compliance of building byelaws, unauthorised 10 East Subdivision Gandhinagar is at high risk High Risk constructions Old & unsafe buildings, Non- compliance of building 11 incidents of collapse in byelaws, unauthorised 11 North East High Risk last two years constructions Table Source: DDMA DMP 2016-17

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.7.2 Fire According to Delhi Fire Service statistics, Delhi had more than 75,000 fire incidents during the last five years resulting in more than 1825 deaths, injuries to more than 7,600 persons and loss of property valuing more than Rs. 176 crores. These incidents include five major, twenty-five serious and ninety-nine medium fires; refer Map 17 for mapping of areas prone to fire incidents, refer Table 14 for further details of areas which are prone to fire incidents . During the last 5 years, Delhi has also witnessed an 49% increase in the number of fire incidents in JJ colonies. The increased risk due to fire based disasters in Delhi can be attributed to;

 Electric Short-Circuiting: 70% of cases due to fire breakouts are estimated to arise from Electrical causes (mainly short- circuiting). In Special Areas old Havelis have been converted into production centres and godowns which has led to increased loads on electricity supply.  Gas leakages: Fires due to LPG cylinder leakages causing fire explosion, this is even more dangerous in dense and congested areas as there can be more causalities.  Non-compliance with building bye-laws: Lack of fire safety norms in industrial areas especially for units handling highly inflammable material like paper, plastic granules, chemicals, etc. These industrial areas also lack fire alarm systems. Many industrial units have also come up in residential areas with minimum compliance to building regulations (fire escapes etc).  Congested-settlements: UACs, JJ Colonies, Special Areas, Urban villages are characterised by congested and narrow lanes that makes it difficult for adequate fire response.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 17: Fire incidents in Delhi

Source: DDMA DMP 2016-17

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table 15: Details of fire hazards in Delhi

Sl. No. District Area name Level of risk Extent of damage/ causalities Major reasons/ causes Most Godowns in Alipur and Narela stock highly JJ clusters: Bawana, Shahbad inflammable material like paper, plastic granules, Dairy, Holambi Kalan, Metro chemicals, etc. Vihar, Jahangirpuri, 9 dead, 34 injured & approx. Most industrial units are used for residence purpose by 1 North High Risk Bhalaswa,Lal Bagh Azadpur, 300 jhuggies gutted since 2012 the labourers leading to high risk of casualty. Tikri No fire alarm system is present in industrial areas. Khurd are at high risk Narrow lanes especially in JJ clusters provide less accessibility in firefighting.

Mangol Puri & Wazir Pur Industrial Area, Aman Vihar, Kirari, Prem Nagar, Budh Vihar, Vijay Vihar & Sultanpur High Risk khurd and all JJ clusters of District North-West are at high 2 North West risk 95 incidents in last two years

High Risk 3 West 258 incidents in last two years

High Risk Implementation of fire prevention regulation is poor. 4 South West 66 incidents in last two years Crowded streets and inadequate water supply.

Sangam Vihar, Neb Sarai, Fatehpur Beri & Chirag areas ar High Risk Most of the incidents are due to gas leakage. 5 South at high risk 20 incidents in last year Small commercial units are at high risk.

Market complexes, industrial areas and unauthorised High Risk 6 South East colonies are at high risk

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Chanakyapuri subdivision is at high risk, Multi-storeyed buildings, commercial High Risk complexes, JJ clusters, IOCL fuel depot near IGI Airport, Mayapuri & Naraina 7 New Delhi industrial area are at high risk 180 incidents from 2009-2014 Most cases are due to electric short circuiting Faulty electrical wiring. Electric short circuit is a prominent reason. Converting old Havelis into production centres and godowns has led to High Risk increased loads on electricity supply. Lack of fire safety norms in industrial areas. Congested lanes 8 Central resulting into difficulty in response Highest number of incidents recorded in subdivision High Risk Seemapuri, Jhuggi Clusters LPG leakage, Short Circuit and lack of fire safety 9 Shahdara are at high risk installations are prominent reasons

Gandhinagar Subdivision is High Risk LPG leakage, Short Circuit and lack of fire safety 10 East at high risk installations are prominent reasons

High Risk 51 incidents of fire in last LPG leakage, Short Circuit and lack of fire safety 11 North East two years installations are prominent reasons Source: DDMA DMP 2016-17

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

3.7.3 Flooding The river Yamuna crossed its danger level (fixed at 204.83m above sea level) 26 times during the last 35 years. The level of most of the drains is 4.46 metres lower than the average flood level during the monsoons. Thus, most drains are vulnerable to reverse flows, causing floods in areas that are away from direct proximity of the Yamuna. Also during the monsoon season, drains are prone to clogging due to improper waste management and irregular desilting of drains; refer Map 18 below showing water logging locations in Delhi.

Map 18: Water logging locations overlapped on DEM

Source: Traffic Police and PWD (2018)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

4. CURRENT AND EXPECTED PROJECTS (OR INITIATIVES) BY GOVERNMENT AGENCIES 4.1. Water-related The initiatives and projects for the water sector generally fall under two categories:  Supply side management (that seeks to augment the existing water supply situation in Delhi), and  Demand side management (that seeks to reduce the pressure on existing sources through conservation and judicious use of water) 4.1.1 Supply side management There are three national projects that have been in the pipeline for a long time, which can help augment the supply for water. These projects are:  Renuka Dam: The 148-meter-high Renukaji dam is proposed in Himachal Pradesh’s Sirmour district on Giri River (tributary of Yamuna River). The live storage of the Renukaji Multi- Purpose Project is 535 MCM. Delhi is likely to get additional 275 MGD from this project. The project will also generate 40 MW of power and the Delhi government has agreed to fund 90% of the cost of the power plant. In January 2019, the chief ministers of Haryana, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan signed an agreement for the construction of this project.  Kishau Dam: Kishau Dam Project is a multipurpose project on River Tons (a tributary of river Yamuna) at the border of District. Dehradun (U.A.) & District Sirmour (H.P) located at 45 km. U/S of Dakpathar. The project envisages construction of 236 m high concrete dam, thus creating an installed capacity of 4 x 150 MW of hydroelectric power and a live storage of 1324 MCM. (1.077 MAF). The water of the proposed dam will be utilised for irrigation, generation of power and augmenting potable water in the NCT of Delhi. Delhi’s share is expected to be 40 MGD. The Kishau Dam MoU has been signed by all basin states except Rajasthan.  Lakhwar Dam: The Lakhwar project envisages construction of a 204 m high concrete dam across river Yamuna near Lohari village in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand with a live storage capacity of 330.66 MCM. This storage will provide irrigation for 33,780 hectares land and availability of 78.83 MCM water for domestic, drinking and industrial use in the six basin states. The project will also generate 300 MW of power. In August 2018, the Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi and Himachal Pradesh signed an agreement for the construction of the project.

4.1.2 Demand side management  DJB is investing significantly in NRW reduction in order to boost the water efficiency. A number of District meter areas (DMAs) are being set up in order to monitor and manage NRW.  DJB has taken up a drive of cleaning of tube-wells and Ranney wells on a large scale, which will increase the yield of tube wells & Ranney wells by 50%.  DJB has proposed a scheme to reuse the wastewater for domestic consumption. Accordingly, the treated wastewater would be discharged in the Yamuna River 12 km upstream of the intake point at Palla. This would allow additional natural rejuvenation of the water before it is extracted and further treated at the WTP. An additional WTP has already been proposed at Bhivani for this. The proposal is pending with the Upper Yamuna Board.  There is a proposal to supply treated effluent to U.P. in lieu of freshwater from the state.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

DJB has already planned a new STP in Trans Yamuna area for this proposal.  Installation of the Rain-Water Harvesting System has been made mandatory for plots having an area of 100 Sq. Meters and above. 50 % of the project cost or 1 lakh whichever is less, is provided by Delhi Government / Delhi Jal Board to the RWAs or Schools for this purpose.  DJB has a scheme of giving rebate of 10% in the water bills to all the properties having rainwater harvesting system. On the other hand, properties not having this system are charged 50% extra. Schools or universities that do not practice rainwater harvesting system are fined Rs 5 lakh. Rainwater harvesting has been made mandatory for hotels/ malls/construction projects.  DJB has started a comprehensive programme for installation of bulk meters at all water treatment plants and about 302 bulk meters have already been installed.

4.1.3 Pilot Project for Improving the Efficiency of Water Distribution Network Under Malviya Nagar UGR Command Area:

 Under a special purpose vehicle, a PPP project was launched in Malviya nagar command area to improve water distribution, reduce risks of contamination and water losses. This project managed by Malviya Nagar Water Services (MNWS), a public-private partnership between Delhi Jal Board and SUEZ, a global leading water and waste resource management company, several initiatives were taken to improve quality of services offered to customers.  The project also seeks to improve efficiency of the water network under Malviya Nagar UGR command area, which has five Assembly constituencies under it namely: Malviya Nagar, Greater Kailash, Ambedkar Nagar, Chhatarpur and Mehrauli. This facility is spread over 14 sq km with a network of 219 km covering 3.82 lakh people. The total number of metered connections in the area is 43,087 and the area is divided under nine District Metering Areas (DMAs). The project has benefited the area by increasing the coverage area and more importantly the revenue generated.  This project has scientific monitoring system SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) of the center from where it controls the entire system. The centre monitors flow, level, pressure, water quality, residual chlorine, conductivity and turbidity through the system. The system is equipped with alarm annunciator to keep the parameters within limits.

4.2. Sewage and Drainage-related  DJB is executing the project of laying of interceptor sewer along three major drains Najafgarh, Supplementary and Shahdara. 93 MGD has already been trapped. The project is expected to be completed in 2020.  There is a policy proposed to connect every household in Delhi to the sewer system, where DJB will bear the cost of entire network and connections. The policy is still is a draft stage and pending approval.  The Irrigation and Flood Control Department and DJB are working on a project to rejuvenate 201 water bodies through treated wastewater from the STPs.  DJB has undertaken pilot projects in Dwarka and Rohini to create artificial water bodies using treated wastewater (through constructed wetlands).  The Delhi Government mandates provision of installation of on-site decentralized wastewater treatment system by industries, hotels, construction projects. Five/four star hotels and hospitals having more than 50 beds have also been directed to install decentralized STPs.  A drainage Master Plan for Delhi up to the year 2030 has been developed by IIT-Delhi.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

 Decentralised sewage treatment plants In Najafgarh area DJB has made 14 clusters of the colonies (Annexure 6) for decentralized sewerage treatment 26. The land for these STPs will be majorly taken from gram-sabha land. Some of these STPs are funded by NMCG, whereas rest of them are self-financed by DJB. This is to treat waste water from cluster of unauthorized colonies and treating it tough decentralized STPs, before it falls in to river through respective drains.

Figure 17: Treated waste water re-use (in MLD)

Total 89

From Kondli STP to DDA, PPCL & Horticulture 3

From Chilla STP to Internal Horticulture of STP 1 From Najafgarh to WTP Dwarka for Horticulture 0.07

From Narela to Pvt. Agency for washing of vehicle 0.05

From Yamuna Vihar to STP's horticulture 3

From Commonwealth Games Village STP to DDA 0.18 horticulture From Papankalan STP for Irrigation purposes to DDA 1.33 From Nilothi STP to Irrigation & Flood Control Deptt. for Irrigation purposes 0.5 From Delhi Gate and Sen Nursing Home STP to PPCL 4.8

From Mehrauli STP to Garden of Seven Senses 3.4 From Vasant Kunj to Sanjay Van 3.7 From Rithala STP to PPCL for their plant at Bawana 6.15 and NDPL for their owner plant at Rohini, DDA &… From Coronation Pillar STP for DDA Golf Course at Bhalswa, Gammon India for construction… 19.02

From Okhla STP to the CPWD and Irrigation 37 department for horticulture/Irrigation purpose Treated effluent supplied from Keshopur STP for Irrigation, horticulture purpose 5.5

0 10 20 30 40

26 Same as 10

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

4.3. Solid waste management related  Two Waste-to-Energy (WtE)plants have been planned for Delhi. One at Bhalswa (1500 TPD) and the other at Tehkhand (2000 TPD).  There are proposal to increase the capacities of existing Okhla WtE plant by 500 TPD and Ghazipur WtE plant by 1200 TPD.  Three additional C&D waste treatment plants have been planned. These include a 500 TPD at Bakarwala by South MCD; 1000 TPD at Maidangarhi by South MCD; and 1000 TPD at Ranikhera by North MCD; 500 TPD at Shastri Park by EDMC. A fourth 500 TPD plant is also planned by PWD at Libaspur.  Government of Delhi has imposed a ban on manufacture, sale, storage, usage, import and transport of plastic carry bags in NCT of Delhi.

4.4. Power-related  The Government of Delhi has developed an Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Management Centre (EE&REMC) to implement the program of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Govt. of India.  GNCTD has proposed to develop New Delhi, Municipal Council (NDMC) area as a solar city by installing SPV panels on the rooftop of Govt. buildings, metro stations, bus stops, etc. All the grid connected solar projects have contributed to nearly 118.35 MW of power in Delhi until December 2018.  GNCTD has recently introduced a new scheme, namely, “Mukhyamantri Agriculture-cum- Solar Farm Scheme” has been approved by the Delhi Cabinet to promote and increase solar power generation.

5. LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPLICABLE IN DELHI

Table 16 : Laws and regulations applicable in Delhi S.No Policy Key Features 1. (Draft) Water Policy The Policy elaborates on developing a roadmap for managing the water resources in Delhi, elaborating on the following aspects: Technical considerations: – Water supply norms and demand projections – Water availability – Aquifer management – Wastewater recycling – Water efficient fixtures – Technological advancement Administrative considerations: – Institutional mechanisms – Policy issues and options Challenges of uncertainty – Climate change – River flow

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

2. Delhi Water Board The Regulations provide norms and standards for: Septage – Criteria for issue of license for collection, transportation and Management disposal of Septage Regulations 2018 – Collection and transportation of septage – Disposal of sewage – Technological applications in septage management 3. Solid Waste The main highlight of the Rules are Management Rules – Segregation at source 2016 – Collection and disposal of sanitary waste – Collect Back scheme for packaging waste – User fees for collection – Waste processing and treatment – Promoting use of compost – Promotion of waste to energy – Revision of parameters and existing standards 4. Bio-medical Waste The Rules provide guidelines, standards, and norms for: Management Rules, – Segregation, packaging, transportation and storage of 2016 biomedical waste – Standards for treatment and disposal of bio-medical wastes – Monitoring of implementation of the rules in health care facilities – Site selection for common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility 5 Plastic Waste The Rules provide guidelines, norms and standards for: Management Rules, – Minimum thickness of plastic sheets to facilitate collection 2016 and recycle of plastic waste – Introducing collect back system of plastic waste by the producers/brand owners, as per extended producers responsibility – Plastic waste management fee – Promoting use of plastic waste for road construction – Protocols for compostable plastic material – Registration of producer, recyclers and manufacturer – Explicit pricing of carry bags

6 Construction and The Rules provide guidelines, norms and standards for: Demolition Waste – Segregation of C&D waste (into four categories– concrete, Management Rules, soil, steel and wood, plastics, bricks and mortar) 2016 – Development of a waste management plan by large waste generators – standards and practices on use of recycled C&D waste products in road construction – Targets for cities to commission processing and disposal of C&D waste 7 Hazardous and The Rules provide guidelines, norms and standards for: Other Wastes – Procedure for management of hazardous and other wastes (Management & – Import and export of hazardous and other wastes Trans boundary – Treatment, storage and disposal facility for hazardous and Movement) Rules, other wastes 2016

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

– Packaging, labelling, and transport of hazardous and other wastes

8 Solar Policy 2016 The Policy has ten broad objectives (succinct version): 1. Reduce Delhi’s reliance on conventional energy. Promote rapid growth of rooftop solar power. 2. Encourage market-based approaches and public-private partnerships to drive demand and adoption 3. Ensure fairness for all stakeholders in the solar ecosystem. 4. Use regulatory mechanisms to drive demand and adoption, 5. Promote net metering / gross metering and grid connectivity for all solar plants 6. Generate employment in the solar energy sector through skill development especially for youth. 7. Provide generation-based incentives for the domestic segment 8. Promote a robust investment climate that enables multiple financial models, from self-owned (CAPEX) to third-party owned (RESCO) models. 9. Establish policy implementation, monitoring and compliance framework to make sure that efficient execution and periodic review of the policy takes place. 10. Develop solar energy as part of an overall strategy of providing affordable, reliable, 24X7 Power to all citizens. Source: Respective policy documents

6. SUMMARY AND REFLECTIONS 6.1. Data and information gaps Some of the key data gaps include: o Latest spatial distribution of per capita water supply across the city. o Spatial distribution of NRW across the city.

6.2. Key insights and areas of concerns

1. Water management:

The groundwater in Delhi is severely stressed. As seen in Map 19, most part of Delhi is already over exploited. These include the South, South East, New Delhi, East, Shahdara, and North East districts. Only the West and Central districts are safe. Interestingly, in the areas that are over- exploited also have the maximum green cover. For example, the Southern Ridge lies completely in the South District. This leads to the inference that the groundwater situation in the critical areas can be attributed to a number of reasons: o Private abstraction of groundwater within these areas given that official abstraction of groundwater has been disallowed in this area since 2010. o The critical areas are situated at higher elevations, and the gradient gradually reduces towards the Yamuna River. This would mean that overland flow during the monsoon flows at faster rate towards the Yamuna, affecting the recharge rate. o Over-abstraction in the neighboring states of Haryana (Faridabad, Gurgaon) and UP (Noida)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 19: Ground water stressed areas

Source: CGWB

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

A holistic groundwater management plan will need to take cognizance of the development in these cities as well. The presence of a good green cover in the over-exploited areas offers a unique opportunity for groundwater recharge. Given that green areas are natural sponges to facilitate the percolation of run-off, there is only a need to ensure that the overland flow during monsoon is captured in these areas and not allowed leave the area untapped (e.g. through the creation of sinks).

2. Flood management: As seen in Map 21, there are number of flooding hotspots in Delhi that have been identified by the Public Works Department. This is relatively recent data (2018). Map 20 also shows the flooding hotspots identified by the Delhi Traffic Police, which were identified during the preparation of the Drainage Master Plan (2017). There is not much difference between the two maps, which suggests that the hotspots have not changed much over the years. These are, therefore, areas of persistent concern. In a number of developed countries (e.g. Denmark, Netherlands) parks and gardens are used as temporary detention areas to mitigate the flood risk. There a number of parks (marked as planned greens in the Map), that could be leveraged on in order to address the flooding risk. This option could be explored after ensuring that blocked drains do not cause the flooding.

3. Solid waste management: Map 22 shows the efficiency of solid waste management of the ULBs overlaid with parks. The reason for doing this is to investigate the potential areas for composting activities. As gleaned from the map, currently there is not much composting done by the ULBs. However, for eco- friendly waste management (and in line with MoHUA guidelines), there is a need to step up efforts for composting. There are several examples around the world where parks have been used for composting municipal solid waste (and not just horticultural waste). Given the significant area under parks, there is good potential in Delhi for scaling up the composting endeavours.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 21: Flooding hot spots as reported by PWD Map 20: Flooding hot spots as reported by traffic police

Source: PWD, DDA and GSDL, Analysis by NIUA 66 Source: Delhi Traffic Police, DDA and GSDL, Analysis by NIUA

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Map 22: Location of UACs in municipal boundaries

Source:67 DDA, GSDL and GNCTD Planning Dept., Analysis by NIUA

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Delhi has a high per capita waste generation and which is among the highest in the country. More than half of this waste ends up in landfill site.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

7. ANNEXURES

Annexure 1: Methodology adopted for the baseline preparation

Two avenues were employed in order to carry out the baselining exercise. a) Data collection: The physical infrastructure sector was divided into three categories: Water; Solid, Liquid Waste and Drainage(SLWD); and Power. Baselining groups for each category were set up comprising of senior officers from related government agencies in Delhi. Details of the composition of the groups are presented in Table A1. The BG primarily supported the planning team in getting access to data and information from their departments. The group also provided insights into the implementation of the previous Master Plan (MPD-2021), particularly in terms of challenges faced which would have to be addressed by MPD 2041. The BG groups met on four occasions during the course of the baseline preparation as tabulated below.

Schedule Water SLWD Power 1st Meeting 21 Jan 2019 24 Jan 2019 23 April 2019 2nd Meeting 28 Feb 2019 25 Feb 2019 27 May 2019 3rd Meeting 24 April 2019 22 April 2019 04 June 2019 4th Meeting 15 July 2019

Dr. Shyamala Mani (Solid, Liquid Waste and Drainage), Mr. Radheshyam Tyagi (Water; Solid Liquid Waste and Drainage), and Mr. Pankaj Batra (Power) were engaged as the Sector Advisors to provide expert and technical guidance for the preparation of the baseline.

b) Interaction with subject experts Topic : Trenchless sewerage system Date : 02 May 2019 Modality : Expert presentation and discussion Expert : Mr. Yousuf Siddiqui, Marketing Head, Sekisui Asia Pipe Solutions, SPR. Description : Mr. Siddiqui introduced the various technological solutions in urban context offered by Japanese organization named Sekisui (SPR), specifically focusing on technology for trenchless rehabilitation of sewer pipes. The advantage of trenchless sewer system is that it results in minimal damage to environment and disruption in day-to-day activities. Trenchless solutions are now gaining acceptance in India, and SPR has been able to successfully deploy these solutions with DJB , MCGM, UPJN, NDMC & BWSSB recently. The project with DJB was for rehabilitation of almost 5 kms of trunk sewers a few years back. DJB has allocated some new projects of sewer rehabilitation under YAP-3 named Kondli-1 ( K1) & Rithala – 1A ( R1A ). The total lengths of sewer under both the Jobs is approx. 13 km and diameter ranging from 600 to 1400 mm.

Topic : Water supply and demand management in Delhi Date : 14 June 2019 Modality : Discussion Participants : Member (Water) DJB and Senior Engineers (Planning), DJB

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Description : The meeting was held to have concerted discussions with Delhi Jal Board officials for understanding the water supply and demand scenario in Delhi. Specifically the discussions focused on the following topics―Delhi Water Policy; future scenarios of water demand and availability; use of treated affluent to augment water supply; and water provision for the land pooling areas.

Topic : Solid waste management in SDMC area and the impact of Okhla landfill site on the residents Date : 28 June 2019 Modality : Expert presentation and discussion Expert : Dr. Bini Samal, Project Manager, WaterAid Description : Dr. Samal discussed the current scenario of waste management in SDMC area based on a study she carried out as part of her PhD dissertation. She elaborated upon the issues caused by Okhla landfill site in the neighbouring residential societies. The Okhla landfill site majorly receives un-segregated waste, which neither can be sent for composting nor be recycled. The landfill site has already reached peak capacity but is still being used by SDMC. The landfill site also has an impact on ground water quality of this particular area. The presentation highlighted the critical health hazards due to the contaminated water in SDMC area and medical issues observed in recent past. The conclusion of the presentation was that this landfill site should be closed immediately and capped by proper landscaping.

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table A1: Composition of the WATER Baseline group Sl. No Agency Nodal Officer Designation Email 1 Delhi Development Authority Dr. K. Shrirangan AC(Plg.)- III, [email protected] Shri. S N Singh CE(HQ&Sports/project) [email protected] 2 Delhi Jal Board (DJB) Shri. Virender Kumar SE (Proj) Water-I [email protected] Shri. Y K Sharma CE (Plg) Water [email protected]

Shri. A.K. Gupta SE(Planning) Water [email protected]

Shri. V.C. Sharma Asst. Director [email protected] Shri.Rajeev Kr Gupta EE PWI [email protected] 3 Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) Shri. P.R Gupte Sr. Hydrogeologist Scientist [email protected] Shri. S. K Juneja Officer in Charge [email protected] 4 Central Water Commission (CWC) Shri. R.P.S. Verma, Superintending Engineer, [email protected] Hydrological Observation Circle

Shri. Shobit Misra Deputy Director [email protected] 5 Upper Yamuna Board Shri. Rahul Varshney Deputy Director [email protected] Ms. Rajni Bakshi Asst. Director 6 Public Works Department (PWD) Shri S.K Jain Project Manager F-3 [email protected] 7 North Delhi Municipal Corporation Shri. A.D. Biswas Chief Town Planner [email protected] 8 East Delhi Municipal Corporation Sh. Bharat Bhushan Sr. Town Planner [email protected] 9 South Delhi Municipal Corporation Dr. Namrita Kalsi Chief Architect [email protected] 10 New Delhi Municipal Council Shri Harkesh Meena Executive Engineer [email protected] Shri Satpal Asst. Engineer [email protected]

Ms. Shikha Verma Asst. Town Planner [email protected] 11 Cantonment Board Shri D S Khatri Consultant [email protected]

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table A2: Composition of the SOLID, LIQUID WASTE AND DRAINAGE Baseline group

Sl No. Agency Nodal Officer Designation Email 1 Delhi Development Authority Dr. Srirangan AC (Plg.) III DDA [email protected] Sh.H.K. Bharti Dir (Plg.) Dwarka, Rohini & Narela [email protected] Sh. Manoj Sharma SE (C1) [email protected] 2 Delhi Jal Board (DJB) Sh. Vikram Singh CE (Dr) pro-I [email protected] Sh. Ajay Gupta CE(Dr) Prg-iii DJB [email protected] Shri M C Ram SE DJB DJB [email protected] Shri Y.K. Sharma CE (Plg) w DJB [email protected] 3 Delhi Pollution Control Committee Sh. D.K Singh SEE (WMC-II) [email protected] 4 Irrigation and Flood Control Department, Sh. Mukesh Kumar SE FC-III [email protected] GNCTD Sh. Shivkumar [email protected] 5 North Delhi Municipal Corporation Sh. A.D. Biswas Chief Town Planner [email protected] Shri V.K. Gupta SE North MCD [email protected] 6 East Delhi Municipal Corporation Sh. Bharat Bhushan Sr. Town Planner [email protected] 7 South Delhi Municipal Corporation 8 New Delhi Municipal Council Dr. Shakuntala EE CD-XIV [email protected] Shrivastava Dr. Namrita Kalsi Chief Artitech [email protected] 9 Cantonment Board D.S. Khatri Consultant [email protected] 10 PWD Sh. S.K Jain Project Manager (Flyover-3), PWD, [email protected] GNCTD

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Table A3: Composition of the POWER Baseline group

Sl No. Agency Contact Person Designation

1 Central Electricity Authority (CEA) Mr. Prakaash S. Mhaske Chairperson, CEA Mr. Goutam Roy Chief Engineer, Power Systems Planning Mr. Ravinder Gupta Chief Engineer, Electrical Inspectorate 2 Delhi Power Supply Company Limited (DPCL) Mr. Mukesh Prasad, Spl. Secretary, Mr. J. S. Rana Dy. Secretary 3 Delhi Transco Ltd. Mr. Prem Prakash Chairperson & Director (Operations) Birendra Prasad GM (Plg) Bharat Tiwari Manager Y.K. Sachdeva 4 Power Department, GNCTD Mr. Joginder Lather Electrical Inspector Joginder Singh Rana DS, Power A.K. Jha EEREM Dept. 5 Public Works Department G.P. Bansal Chief Engineer, Flyovers 6 New Delhi Municipal Council Madan Lal Advisor 7 BSES Rajadhani Rajesh Bansal Sr. Ex. VP Head Networks Pankaj Tandon Addl. Vice President 8 BSES Yamuna Power Ltd Shailesh Gupta M.S. Reddy V. Mohana Raj Kumar 9 TPDDL Praveen Verma Head (N/W Ping & Engg)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Annexure 2: Depth of water level

74 Source: CGWB

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Annexure 3: List of WTPs and Ground water sources

Name of WTP Installed Capacity Recycling S.No. /Ground Water Source of Raw Water (MGD) Plants (MGD) Source 1. Sonia Vihar 140 Upper Ganga Canal 2. Bhagirathi 100 10 Upper Ganga Canal 3. Chandrawal-I & II 90 08 River Yamuna 4 Wazirabad-I, II & III 120 11 River Yamuna 5. Haider Pur-I & II 200 16 Yamuna and BBMB 6. Nangloi 40 04 BBMB 7 Okhla 20 8. Bawana 20 Raw water from Munak 9. Dwarka 50 Canal 10. Common wealth 01 Ground Water Games village 11. Ranney Wells & 80 Ground Water Tube Wells Total 861 49 Process waste water in existing plants 910 MGD Source: DJB (2018)

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Annexure 4: List of STPs Sr. Name & Location Capacity Present Avg. Treatment No. of STP

(in MGD) (in MGD) 1 Keshopur 72 69.50 2 Okhla 140 107.42 3 Kondli 70 61.30 4 Rithala 80 61.50 5 Yamuna Vihar 35 + 10 16.30 6 VasantKunj 5 4.45 7 Coronation Pillar 30 19.00 8 Narela 10 1.00 9 Nilothi 60 43.98 10 Najafgarh 5 2.50 11 Pappankakan 40 30.94 12 Dr.Sen Nursing Home 2.2 2.40 Nalla 13 Delhi Gate 17.2 18.90 14 Mehrauli 5 3.70 15 Rohini 15 4.00 16 Ghitorni 5 Under trial 17 Kapashera 5 2.00 18 Commonwealth Games 1 0.20 Village 19 MolarBandh 0.66 0.66 20 Chilla 9 9.00 617 458.75

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Annexure 5: List of CETPs

S. Name of CETP Capacity of CETP (in MLD) No. 1. Jhilmil& Friends Colony Industrial Area CETP 16.8 2 Badli Industrial Estate CETP 12 3 Mayapuri Industrial Area CETP 12 4 Mangolpuri Industrial Area CETP 2.4 5 Wazirpur Industrial Area CETP 24 6 DSIDC Nangloi&Udyog Nagar Industrial Area 12 7 SMA Industrial Area CETP 12 8 Okhla Industrial Area CETP 24 9 Narela Industrial Area CETP 22.5 10 UdyogVihar (Bawana) Industrial Area CETP 35 11 GTK Road Industrial Area, CETP 6 12 Naraina Industrial Area, CETP 21.6 13 Lawrence Road Industrial Area CETP 12 Total 212.3 MLD (46.70 MGD)

Source: DSIIDC

Source: NIUADSIIDC

Source: DSIIDC

Source: NIUADSIIDC

BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Annexure 6: List of 14 decentralised STPs in Najafgarh area S.No Name of Proposed Present drain Recommended Land Status Status of Plant capacity of discharge Capacity by funding Plant as measured by WAPCOS for from per SMP WAPCOS (MLD) 2021 NMCG 2031 (MLD) 1. Jaffarpur 12 2.705 9 MLD STP in Gram Sabha Yes modules of 6 land available MLD and 3 MLD with DJB 2. KheraDabar 5 1.494 5 MLD STP in Gram Sabha land Yes modules of 2.5 available with DJB MLD each 3. GalibPur 5 0.849 4 MLD STP in Gram Sabha land No modules of 2.5 available with DJB MLD and 1.5 MLD 4. Sarangpur 12 5.152 9 MLD STP in Gram Sabha land No modules of 6 available with DJB MLD and 3 MLD 5. Kanganheri 7 2.732 6 MLD STP in Gram Sabha land No modules of 3.5 available with DJB MLD and 2.5 MLD 6. Mitraon 25 1.17 25.5 MLD Gram Sabha land No available with DJB 7. Shikarpur 3 1.026 1STP of 3 MLD Alternate Gram No Sabha Land under allotment 8. Hasanpur 12 2.64 9 MLD STP in Alternate Gram Yes modules of 6 Sabha Land under MLD and 3 MLD allotment 9. Kazipur 5 0.334 5 MLD STP in Private land under No modules of 2.5 acquisition MLD each 10. Tajpur 36 18.826 54 MLD STP in Private land under Yes modules of 36 acquisition MLD and 18 MLD

11. Dichaonkala 25.5 9.154 25.5 MLD Private land under No n acquisition 12. Tikri Kalan 12 3.718 12 MLD STP in Private land under Yes modules of 6 acquisition MLD each 13. Kair 5 2.545 5 MLD Private land under Yes acquisition 14. Kakrola 12 16.684 12 MLD Private land under yes acquisition

Source: DJB

Source: NIUA

78 Source: DJB

Source: NIUA BASELINE REPORT Enabling Strategic Plan: Master Plan for Delhi 2041

Annexure 7: Solid waste management facilities and status

ULBs MSW Waste Processed MSW Processing Waste Dumped at SLF Generated (MTPD) (MTPD) Facility (MTPD)

East DMC 2800 1300 12 MW WTE plant, 1000 Ghazipur (Ghazipur SLF)

North DMC 4000 2000 24 MW WTE & 150 2200 WTC Plant at Narela- (Narela - Bawana SLF) APMC 200 0 Bawana

South DMC 3300 2200 16 MW WTE and 200 1900 MTPD WTC plant at (Okhala SLF) 1400 of SDMC Okhla & 500 of EDMC NDMC 300 0

Total 10600 5500 52 MW 5100 (at SLFs)

1 Generation of C&D waste (DELHI) 5000 MT per day

2 C&D waste collected per day 4500T

3 C&D collection sites 167

4 Active landfills 3

5 C&D waste processing facilities 1 North Delhi- Burari (2000 TPD) 1 East Delhi – Shastri Park (500TPD)

6 Proposed C&D waste processing facilities SDMC - Bakkarwal 500T in 12 months NDMC - Ranikhera 500T in 12 months EDMC - 500T Source: Action committee report for SWM Delhi 2019

DOOR TO No. of Wards Wards with 100% Door to Door Collection DOOR Source: PWD and Drainage Master Plan 2031 COLLECTION North MCD 104 64

South MCD 104 Source: Action104 committee report for SWM Delhi 2019

East MCD 64 64

DCB 08 08

NDMC 14 Source:14 PWD and Drainage Master Plan 2031

Total 294 254