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A Baseline Survey of Birds in Native Vegetation on Cotton Farms in Inland Eastern Australia

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A Baseline Survey of Birds in Native Vegetation on Cotton Farms in Inland Eastern Australia A baseline survey of birds in native vegetation on cotton farms in inland eastern Australia Rhiannon SmithA,D, Julian ReidB, Laura Scott-MoralesC, Stuart GreenA and Nick ReidA AEcosystem Management, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. BFenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia. CFacultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Carretera Nacional Km 145, 67700 Linares, Nuevo León, México. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1. Rainfall and temperature data for each of the four cotton-growing zones (Commonwealth of Australia 2015) Zone Central Qld Border Rivers Macquarie Southern NSW Weather station Emerald North Star Warren Dandaloo Gunbar (Kelvin Hillston Carinya Yamburgan (rainfall) Airport (Wolonga) (Mumblebone) (Kelvin) Grove) (Aldinga) Mean annual rainfall 553 759 453 645 444 493 310 413 (mm) Mean 5% 12 19 1 8 0.5 2 3 1 summer percentile rainfall 95% 191 264 170 177 137 147 66 112 (mm) percentile Mean 5% 0.3 0.1 0 3 1 4 8 2 winter percentile rainfall 95% 67 97 83 77 84 85 53 71 (mm) percentile Rainfall dominance Summer Summer Summer Summer Even Even Winter Winter Baralaba Weather station Emerald St George Goondiwindi Lake Post Trangie Post Office Hillston (temperature) Airport Airport Post Office Cargelligo Office Mean minimum July 8.9 7.4 4.2 4.8 3.5 3.4 3.8 temp (°C) Mean maximum 34.4 34.3 35.5 34.1 34.2 34.1 33.8 January temp (°C) Reference Commonwealth of Australia (2015). ‘Climate Data Online.’ (Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology: Canberra.) Available at http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/ [Verified 8 April 2019]. Table S2. Bird species status, frequency and abundance in quadrats and sites (n = 197) Landbird (L) Conser- Quadrat sample Site sample Species Ave. quadrat Ave. site or waterbird Common name Scientific name Family vation frequency frequency tally abundance** abundance*** (W) status‡ (n = 197) (n = 197) 1 L Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae Casuariidae D 0% 4% 0.0 0.9 2 L Brown quail Coturnix ypsilophora Phasianidae LC 1% 1% 1.0 1.0 3 W Plumed whistling-duck Dendrocygna eytoni Anatidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 10.0 4 W Australian wood duck Chenonetta jubata Anatidae LC 2% 10% 1.4 4.3 5 W Pink-eared duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus Anatidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 1.5 6 W Australasian shoveler Anas rhynchotis Anatidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 7 W Grey teal Anas gracilis Anatidae LC 1% 7% 1.3 3.0 8 W Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa Anatidae LC 6% 25% 1.8 2.7 9 W Hardhead Aythya australis Anatidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 10 W Australasian grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Podicipedidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 11 L Rock dove* Columba livia Columbidae LC 1% 4% 2.3 1.4 12 L Common bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera Columbidae LC 2% 5% 0.7 0.7 13 L Crested pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes Columbidae LC 56% 75% 1.8 1.8 14 L Diamond dove Geopelia cuneata Columbidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 15 L Peaceful dove Geopelia striata Columbidae LC 14% 35% 1.1 1.1 16 L Bar-shouldered dove Geopelia humeralis Columbidae LC 5% 16% 0.8 0.6 17 L Australian owlet-nightjar† Aegotheles cristatus Aegothelidae LC 1% 3% 0.5 0.5 18 W Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiae Anhingidae LC 2% 6% 0.7 0.8 19 W Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos Phalacrocoracidae LC 0% 2% 0.0 0.5 20 W Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Phalacrocoracidae LC 0% 8% 0.0 0.8 21 W Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Phalacrocoracidae LC 0% 3% 0.0 0.7 22 W Pied cormorant Phalacrocorax varius Phalacrocoracidae LC 1% 5% 0.5 0.8 23 W Australian pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus Pelecanidae LC 2% 9% 1.1 1.9 24 W White-necked heron Ardea pacifica Ardeidae LC 0% 2% 0.0 1.4 25 W Eastern great egret Ardea modesta Ardeidae LC 1% 6% 0.5 1.2 26 W White-faced heron Egretta novaehollandiae Ardeidae LC 2% 10% 1.4 0.9 27 W Nankeen night-heron Nycticorax caledonicus Ardeidae LC 2% 2% 0.9 0.9 28 W Australian white ibis Threskiornis molucca Threskiornithidae LC 1% 2% 0.5 0.8 29 W Straw-necked ibis Threskiornis spinicollis Threskiornithidae LC 1% 3% 3.5 4.1 30 W Royal spoonbill Platalea regia Threskiornithidae LC 0% 2% 0.0 0.8 31 W Yellow-billed spoonbill Platalea flavipes Threskiornithidae LC 1% 6% 1.0 0.7 32 L Black-shouldered kite Elanus axillaris Accipitridae LC 3% 5% 0.9 0.9 33 L Pacific baza Aviceda subcristata Accipitridae LC 1% 1% 0.5 0.5 34 L White-bellied sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Accipitridae LC 1% 3% 0.5 0.5 35 L Whistling kite Haliastur sphenurus Accipitridae LC 11% 24% 0.9 0.8 36 L Black kite Milvus migrans Accipitridae LC 9% 14% 0.9 1.1 37 L Brown goshawk Accipiter fasciatus Accipitridae LC 1% 1% 1.0 1.5 38 L Collared sparrowhawk Accipiter cirrocephalus Accipitridae LC 1% 1% 0.5 0.5 39 L Spotted harrier Circus assimilis Accipitridae V 1% 1% 0.5 0.5 40 L Wedge-tailed eagle Aquila audax Accipitridae LC 2% 6% 0.7 0.7 41 L Little eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides Accipitridae V 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 42 L Nankeen kestrel Falco cenchroides Falconidae LC 12% 25% 0.6 0.7 43 L Brown falcon Falco berigora Falconidae LC 2% 4% 0.5 0.7 44 L Australian hobby Falco longipennis Falconidae LC 4% 5% 0.5 0.5 45 L Black falcon Falco subniger Falconidae V 1% 1% 0.5 0.5 46 L Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus Falconidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 47 W Brolga Grus rubicunda Gruidae V 0% 7% 0.0 1.6 48 W Eurasian coot Fulica atra Rallidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 49 L Australian bustard Ardeotis australis Otididae E 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 50 W Red-necked avocet Recurvirostra novaehollandiae Recurvirostridae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 51 W Black-fronted dotterel Elseyornis melanops Charadriidae LC 2% 6% 0.8 0.6 52 L Banded lapwing Vanellus tricolor Charadriidae LC 0% 2% 0.0 0.5 53 W Masked lapwing Vanellus miles Charadriidae LC 0% 7% 0.0 0.6 54 L Australian pratincole Stiltia isabella Glareolidae LC 0% 2% 0.0 0.7 55 W Caspian tern Hydroprogne caspia Laridae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 56 W Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida Laridae LC 0% 2% 0.0 4.8 57 W Silver gull Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae Laridae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 58 L Major Mitchell's cockatoo Lophochroa leadbeateri Cacatuidae V 0% 2% 0.0 0.5 59 L Galah Eolophus roseicapillus Cacatuidae LC 34% 83% 2.9 2.8 60 L Little corella Cacatua sanguinea Cacatuidae LC 4% 14% 2.9 2.4 61 L Sulphur-crested cockatoo Cacatua galerita Cacatuidae LC 24% 57% 4.0 2.6 62 L Cockatiel Nymphicus hollandicus Cacatuidae LC 7% 51% 1.5 1.5 63 L Rainbow lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus Psittacidae LC 1% 6% 1.8 1.4 64 L Scaly-breasted lorikeet Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus Psittacidae LC 1% 1% 1.0 1.5 65 L Musk lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna Psittacidae LC 2% 4% 7.4 6.8 66 L Little lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla Psittacidae V 0% 1% 0.0 2.0 67 L Australian king-parrot Alisterus scapularis Psittacidae LC 1% 1% 1.0 0.8 68 L Red-winged parrot Aprosmictus erythropterus Psittacidae LC 8% 17% 0.9 1.0 69 L Superb parrot Polytelis swainsonii Psittacidae VN 3% 5% 9.7 6.7 70 L Yellow rosella Platycercus elegans Psittacidae LC 1% 1% 3.0 4.0 71 L Eastern rosella Platycercus eximius Psittacidae LC 10% 13% 2.2 1.8 72 L Pale-headed rosella Platycercus adscitus Psittacidae LC 14% 22% 1.0 1.0 73 L Australian ringneck Barnardius zonarius Psittacidae LC 11% 22% 1.5 1.3 74 L Blue bonnet Northiella haematogaster Psittacidae LC 18% 32% 3.1 2.4 75 L Red-rumped parrot Psephotus haematonotus Psittacidae LC 25% 50% 2.3 2.0 76 L Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus Psittacidae LC 1% 7% 1.0 1.1 77 L Pheasant coucal Centropus phasianinus Cuculidae LC 2% 9% 0.5 0.9 78 L Channel-billed cuckoo Scythrops novaehollandiae Cuculidae LC 1% 9% 1.0 0.7 79 L Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo Chalcites basalis Cuculidae LC 6% 12% 0.5 0.6 80 L Black-eared cuckoo Chalcites osculans Cuculidae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 81 L Shining bronze-cuckoo Chalcites lucidus Cuculidae LC 1% 1% 0.5 1.0 82 L Little bronze-cuckoo Chalcites minutillus Cuculidae LC 1% 2% 0.5 0.5 83 L Pallid cuckoo Cacomantis pallidus Cuculidae LC 1% 4% 0.5 0.7 84 L Southern boobook† Ninox novaeseelandiae Strigidae LC 1% 1% 0.5 0.5 85 L Laughing kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae Halcyonidae LC 12% 35% 0.8 1.1 86 L Blue-winged kookaburra Dacelo leachii Halcyonidae LC 1% 3% 0.5 0.8 87 L Forest kingfisher Todiramphus macleayii Halcyonidae LC 1% 1% 1.0 2.0 88 L Sacred kingfisher Todiramphus sanctus Halcyonidae LC 18% 31% 1.4 1.2 89 L Rainbow bee-eater Merops ornatus Meropidae LC 1% 8% 0.5 0.6 90 L Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis Coraciidae LC 4% 10% 1.0 0.8 91 L White-throated treecreeper Cormobates leucophaeus Climacteridae LC 0% 1% 0.0 0.5 92 L Brown treecreeper Climacteris picumnus Climacteridae V, D 8% 15% 2.0 1.6 93 L Spotted bowerbird Ptilonorhynchus maculatus Ptilonorhychidae LC 3% 4% 0.6 0.6 94 L Superb fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus Maluridae LC 18% 26% 4.7 3.8 95 L Red-backed fairy-wren Malurus melanocephalus Maluridae LC 6% 8% 3.0 3.0 96 L White-winged fairy-wren Malurus leucopterus Maluridae LC 8% 12% 3.0 2.7 97 L Variegated fairy-wren Malurus lamberti Maluridae LC 23% 29% 3.2 2.9 98 L White-browed scrubwren Sericornis frontalis Acanthizidae LC 1% 1% 4.0 4.0 99 L Speckled warbler Chthonicola sagittata Acanthizidae V, D 2% 2% 1.0 0.9 100 L Weebill Smicrornis brevirostris Acanthizidae LC 24% 34% 2.1 1.8 101 L Western gerygone Gerygone fusca Acanthizidae LC 7% 14% 1.1 0.9 102 L White-throated gerygone Gerygone albogularis Acanthizidae LC 3% 8% 0.9 0.7 103 L Yellow thornbill Acanthiza nana Acanthizidae LC 10% 12% 3.7 3.3 104 L Yellow-rumped thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Acanthizidae LC 11% 14% 2.4 2.1 105 L Chestnut-rumped thornbill Acanthiza uropygialis Acanthizidae D 5% 8% 3.2 2.2
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