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Recommended Formats Statement 2019-2020
Library of Congress Recommended Formats Statement 2019-2020 For online version, see https://www.loc.gov/preservation/resources/rfs/index.html Introduction to the 2019-2020 revision ....................................................................... 2 I. Textual Works and Musical Compositions ............................................................ 4 i. Textual Works – Print .................................................................................................... 4 ii. Textual Works – Digital ................................................................................................ 6 iii. Textual Works – Electronic serials .............................................................................. 8 iv. Digital Musical Compositions (score-based representations) .................................. 11 II. Still Image Works ............................................................................................... 13 i. Photographs – Print .................................................................................................... 13 ii. Photographs – Digital ................................................................................................. 14 iii. Other Graphic Images – Print .................................................................................... 15 iv. Other Graphic Images – Digital ................................................................................. 16 v. Microforms ................................................................................................................ -
How to Tape-Record Primate Vocalisations Version June 2001
How To Tape-Record Primate Vocalisations Version June 2001 Thomas Geissmann Institute of Zoology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Key Words: Sound, vocalisation, song, call, tape-recorder, microphone Clarence R. Carpenter at Doi Dao (north of Chiengmai, Thailand) in 1937, with the parabolic reflector which was used for making the first sound- recordings of wild gibbons (from Carpenter, 1940, p. 26). Introduction Ornithologists have been exploring the possibilities and the methodology of tape- recording and archiving animal sounds for many decades. Primatologists, however, have only recently become aware that tape-recordings of primate sound may be just as valuable as traditional scientific specimens such as skins or skeletons, and should be preserved for posterity. Audio recordings should be fully documented, archived and curated to ensure proper care and accessibility. As natural populations disappear, sound archives will become increasingly important. This is an introductory text on how to tape-record primate vocalisations. It provides some information on the advantages and disadvantages of various types of equipment, and gives some tips for better recordings of primate vocalizations, both in the field and in the zoo. Ornithologists studying bird sound have to deal with very similar problems, and their introductory texts are recommended for further study (e.g. Budney & Grotke 1997; © Thomas Geissmann Geissmann: How to Tape-Record Primate Vocalisations 2 Kroodsman et al. 1996). For further information see also the websites listed at the end of this article. As a rule, prices for sound equipment go up over the years. Prices for equipment discussed below are in US$ and should only be used as very rough estimates. -
Digital Radio and CD-Quality Audio
Technological University Dublin ARROW@TU Dublin Books/Book chapters School of Media 2010-01-01 Sounding the Future: Digital Radio and CD-Quality Audio Brian O'Neill Technological University Dublin, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://arrow.tudublin.ie/aaschmedbk Part of the Broadcast and Video Studies Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, and the Film and Media Studies Commons Recommended Citation B. O'Neill, ‘Sounding the future': digital radio and CD-quality audio. In O'Neill, B., M. Ala-Fossi, et al., Eds. (2010). Digital Radio in Europe: Technologies, Industries and Cultures. Bristol, Intellect Books, pp.85-98. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Media at ARROW@TU Dublin. It has been accepted for inclusion in Books/Book chapters by an authorized administrator of ARROW@TU Dublin. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License [1] Chapter Four ‘Sounding the future': digital radio and CD-quality audio Brian O’Neill Central to the early effort to win acceptance for DAB in the early 1990s was an extensive process of promotion of the many claimed advantages of the new broadcasting technology. Digital radio broadcasting under the Eureka 147 DAB project offered many technical enhancements – more efficient use of the spectrum, improved transmission methods, and lower running costs – features that were attractive to industry professionals, broadcasting organisations, regulators and spectrum planners. But digital radio was also designed as a consumer proposition offering audiences a new and improved listening experience with ease of tuning, reliable reception, text and data services, interactive features, and significantly, ‘CD- quality’ audio. -
Marantz Guide to Pc Audio
White paper MARANTZ GUIDE TO PCAUDIO Contents: Introduction • Introduction As you know, in recent years the way to listen to music has changed. There has been a progression from the use of physical • Digital Connections media to a more digital approach, allowing access to unlimited digital entertainment content via the internet or from the library • Audio Formats and TAGs stored on a computer. It can be iTunes, Windows Media Player or streaming music or watching YouTube and many more. The com- • System requirements puter is a centre piece to all this entertainment. • System Setup for PC and MAC The computer is just a simple player and in a standard setup the performance is just average or even less. • Tips and Tricks But there is also a way to lift the experience to a complete new level of enjoyment, making the computer a good player, by giving the • High Resolution audio download responsibility for the audio to an external component, for example a “USB-DAC”. A DAC is a Digital to Analogue Converter and the USB • Audio transmission modes terminal is connected to the USB output of the computer. Doing so we won’t be only able to enjoy the above mentioned standard audio, but gain access to high resolution audio too, exceeding the CD quality of 16-bit / 44.1kHz. It is possible to enjoy studio master quality as 24-bit/192kHz recordings or even the SACD format DSD with a bitstream at 2.8MHz and even 5.6MHz. However to reach the above, some equipment is needed which needs to be set up and adjusted. -
Digital Devices in Sociolinguistic Fieldworks
Digital Devices in Sociolinguistic Fieldworks* [NOTE: This is a largely modified version of Matsuda (2000) and was presented at METHODS (International Conference on Methods in Dialectology) IX Meeting at University of Joensuu on August 5, 2002. In addition to the people I mentioned in Matsuda (2000), I would like to send my cordial thanks to Paul Kerswill, Renée Fürst, T. de Graaf, John Nerbonne, for their comments and discussions at the conference. Renée deserves special thanks here, for providing me with additional references after the conference. It should be stressed, however, that all remaining errors are mine only. This research is partly supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research #13410139 from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.] Kenjiro Matsuda Kobe Shoin Women''s University [email protected] 0. Introduction 1. Recyclability of Sociolinguistic Fieldwork Data With the beginning of Variationist paradigm in 1960s, sociolinguists began tape-recording and analyzing the daily speeches in the speech community. The search for the vernacular (in the sense of Labov 1972) was a clear departure from the traditional dialectological fieldwork that elicits a speaker’s response using a questionnaire. The interview may involve one or multiple speakers (group session), but in either case, there is no pre-set time length and the interview may go on as long as the speaker wants to talk. The interviewer may have a course of questions (module) to facilitate the naturalistic interview, so that s/he can obtain a wide range of speech style from the speaker, but the basic principle here is to follow the flow of the talk. -
Owner's Reference
Owner’s Reference ® Owner’s Reference NuWave Phono Converter Instructions for use NuWave® Phono Converter™ 4826 Sterling Drive, Boulder, CO 80301 PH: 720.406.8946 [email protected] www.psaudio.com Introduction i ©2013 PS Audio International Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction ® Owner’s Reference NuWave Phono Converter Important Safety Read these instructions Instructions Heed all warnings Follow all instructions WARNING. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPARATUS TO RAIN OR MOISTURE. Clean only with a dry cloth. Do not place flammable material on top of or beneath the component. All PS Audio components require adequate ventilation at all times during operation. Rack mounting is acceptable where appropriate. Do not remove or bypass the ground pin on the end of the AC cord unless absolutely necessary to reduce hum from ground loops of connected equipment. This may cause RFI (radio frequency interference) to be induced into your playback setup. All PS products ship with a grounding type plug. If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time. When making connections to this or any other component, make sure all components are off. Turn off all systems’ power before connecting the PS Audio component to any other component. Make sure all cable terminations are of the highest quality. -
VHS and VCR (Edited from Wikipedia)
VHS And VCR (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY A videocassette recorder, VCR, or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other source on a removable, magnetic tape videocassette, and can play back the recording. Use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly referred to as timeshifting. VCRs can also play back prerecorded tapes. In the 1980s and 1990s, prerecorded videotapes were widely available for purchase and rental, and blank tapes were sold to make recordings. Most domestic VCRs are equipped with a television broadcast receiver (tuner) for TV reception, and a programmable clock (timer) for unattended recording of a television channel from a start time to an end time specified by the user. These features began as simple mechanical counter-based single-event timers, but were later replaced by more flexible multiple-event digital clock timers. In later models the multiple timer events could be programmed through a menu interface displayed on the playback TV screen ("on-screen display" or OSD). This feature allowed several programs to be recorded at different times without further user intervention, and became a major selling point. The Video Home System (VHS) is a standard for consumer-level analog video recording on tape cassettes. Developed by Victor Company of Japan (JVC) in the early 1970s, it was released in Japan in late 1976 and in the United States in early 1977. From the 1950s, magnetic tape video recording became a major contributor to the television industry, via the first commercialized video tape recorders (VTRs). -
Compact Disc Minidisc Deck
3-856-489-32(1) Compact Disc MiniDisc Deck Operating Instructions EN GB Mode d’emploi F f MXD-D1 1996 by Sony Corporation Sony Corporation Printed in Japan On cleaning WARNING Precautions Clean the cabinet, panel and controls with a soft cloth slightly moistened with To prevent fire or shock a mild detergent solution. Do not use On safety any type of abrasive pad, scouring hazard, do not expose the unit Should any solid object or liquid fall powder or solvent such as alcohol or to rain or moisture. into the cabinet, unplug the unit and benzine. To avoid electrical shock, do have it checked by qualified personnel before operating it any further. If you have any questions or problems not open the cabinet. Refer concerning your unit, please consult your nearest Sony dealer. servicing to qualified On power sources personnel only. • Before operating the unit, check that the operating voltage of the unit is identical with your local power The laser component in this product is supply. The operating voltage is capable of emitting radiation exceeding the limit for Class 1. indicated on the nameplate at the rear of the unit. • If you are not going to use the unit for a long time, be sure to disconnect the CAUTION unit from the wall outlet. To TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO disconnect the AC power cord, grasp NOT USE THIS POLARIZED AC PLUG the plug itself; never pull the cord. WITH AN EXTENSION CORD, RECEPTACLE OR OTHER OUTLET UNLESS THE BLADES CAN BE FULLY On condensation in the unit INSERTED TO PREVENT BLADE If the unit is brought directly from a EXPOSURE. -
MINIDISC MANUAL V3.0E Table of Contents
MINIDISC MANUAL V3.0E Table of Contents Introduction . 1 1. The MiniDisc System 1.1. The Features . 2 1.2. What it is and How it Works . 3 1.3. Serial Copy Management System . 8 1.4. Additional Features of the Premastered MD . 8 2. The production process of the premastered MD 2.1. MD Production . 9 2.2. MD Components . 10 3. Input components specification 3.1. Sound Carrier Specifications . 12 3.2. Additional TOC Data / Character Information . 17 3.3. Label-, Artwork- and Print Films . 19 3.4. MiniDisc Logo . 23 4. Sony DADC Austria AG 4.1. The Company . 25 5. Appendix Form Sheets Introduction T he quick random access of Compact Disc players has become a necessity for music lovers. The high quality of digital sound is now the norm. The future of personal audio must meet the above criteria and more. That’s why Sony has created the MiniDisc, a revolutionary evolution in the field of digital audio based on an advanced miniature optical disc. The MD offers consumers the quick random access, durability and high sound quality of optical media, as well as superb compactness, shock- resistant portability and recordability. In short, the MD format has been created to meet the needs of personal music entertainment in the future. Based on a dazzling array of new technologies, the MiniDisc offers a new lifestyle in personal audio enjoyment. The Features 1. The MiniDisc System 1.1. The Features With the MiniDisc, Sony has created a revolutionary optical disc. It offers all the features that music fans have been waiting for. -
Multichannel Music and DVD Audio
Multichannel Music and DVD Audio Table of contents 1 Multichannel Music and DVD Audio.......................................................................... 2 Built with Apache Forrest http://forrest.apache.org/ Multichannel Music and DVD Audio 1. Multichannel Music and DVD Audio In the early years, fantastic sound meant fantastic music. With the advent of "surround sound", the emphasis shifted a bit, in the direction of film sound. Also, my present speakers (Bose Acoustimass 7) did not really make music sound "musically". Surround sound in the sense of matrix encoded "Dolby surround" also does not "promote" audiophile music. Already Dolby Digital 5.1 and DTS offer more for multichannel music (five discrete full-range channels, although with some compression). DVD Audio, together with Super Audio CD (SACD), presently offers the ultimate in modern audiophile audio reproduction. DVD Audio offers a sampling depth up to 24 bits, sampling frequence up to 192 kHz, and up to 6 channels. Instead of lossy compression, the music date may be compressed losslessly using Meridian Lossless Packing. DVD-Audio can also contain multimedia content like pictures, lyrics, etc. It can also be combined with video content, although audio of highest quality/bandwidth and video cannot coexist (for bandwidth reasons). DVD Audio comes with digital copy protection that is part of the specification, and not based on deliberately specification-violations and production of deliberately defect discs (like "copy protected" CD's). SACD has similar properties, however, it cannot be combined with multimedia content. It is said, e.g. by Wikipedia, that there is a format war between SACD and DVD Audio. It appears to me that formats wars in the 2000's run differently than the format war between VHS, Betamax and Video 2000; also compare the "format war" DVD-R vs. -
The New Reference Dedicated to Detail
SA-10 SUPER AUDIO CD PLAYER the new reference dedicated to detail For many years, the Marantz Reference Series of MA-9, SC-7 and SA-7 has set the standards for playback and amplification: not only does it draw on all the expertise the company has developed over decades, it’s also the embodiment of the thinking underpinning every product the company makes, summed up in the simple phrase ‘because music matters’. Now Marantz is challenging its own Reference Series with the introduction of the Premium 10 Series – products designed to create a new reference through new design and engineering. Comprising the SA-10 SACD/CD Player and matching PM-10 integrated amplifier, this new series sees a complete re-invention of the design principles behind the company’s statement products. The player and amplifier are the result of an extensive research, development and – of course – listening process, leading to the incorporation of new thinking and new architectures alongside established Marantz technologies and strengths. All of this has targeted one very clear aim – the best possible reproduction of music, from CD quality all the way up to the latest ultra-high-resolution formats. because music matters 3 SUPER AUDIO CD PLAYER SA-10 SUPER AUDIO CD PLAYER Reference class Super Audio CD player with USB DAC, digital inputs and unique Marantz Musical Mastering technology The SA-10 is an exceptional player of both CD and SACD discs, but can also play high-resolution At a glance music stored on computer-burned discs, as well as being a high-end digital to analog converter for • All-new SACD-M3 transport mechanism computer-stored music. -
REFERENCE GUIDE for OPTICAL MEDIA Terence O’Kelly Content Links
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR OPTICAL MEDIA Terence O’Kelly Content Links 1. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) a. Digital audio b. CD-R recording c. CD-RW d. DVD and Recordable DVD 2. Introduction to the Reference Guide A. Memorex history A. Differences between analogue and digital recordings B. Binary number system C. Digital audio 3. Compact Disc and how it works A. Book Standards B. Error correction—CIRC 4. CD-R A. Recording dyes B. Music CD-R C. Reflective surface D. Capacity E. Speed ratings a. CLV and Z-CLV b. CAV and P-CAV c. Comparison of speeds vs. time savings 5. CD-RW A. Stability B. Speed ratings 6. Mini-Disc A. Magneto-optical recording C. ATRAC compression D. Hi-MD 7. DVD A. DVD Numbering B. Recordable DVD C. DVD Capacities 8. Recordable DVD Formats A. DVD-R a. Data addresses b. Land Pre-pits B. DVD-RW C. DVD-RAM a. Data addresses b. Cartridge types D. DVD+R a. Data addresses b. ADIP E. DVD+RW 9. Recording onto DVD discs A. VR Recording onto DVD--+VR and –VR B. CPRM C. Capacities of recordable DVD discs a. Capacities in terms of time b. Set-top recorder time chart D. Double-Layer Discs E. Recording Speeds 10. Blue Laser Recording A. High Definition Video B. Blu-ray versus HD DVD C. Laser wavelengths a. Numerical aperture b. Comparison of High Definition Proposals 11. Life-time Expectations of Optical Media 12. Care and Handling of Optical Media 2 FAQs about Optical Media There is a great deal of misinformation, hype, and misunderstanding in the field of optical media.