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A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico WATER SPOTS ____________ A Project Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in English ____________ by © Charles Bradford Walker 2015 Spring 2015 WATER SPOTS A Project by Charles Bradford Walker Spring 2015 APPROVED BY THE DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND VICE PROVOST FOR RESEARCH: _________________________________ Eun K. Park, Ph.D. APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE: ______________________________ _________________________________ Guy Q. King, Ph.D. Paul S. Eggers, Ph.D., Chair ______________________________ _________________________________ Guy Q. King, Ph.D. Robert G. Davidson, Ph.D. PUBLICATION RIGHTS No portion of this project may be reprinted or reproduced in any manner unacceptable to the usual copyright restrictions without the written permission of the author. iii DEDICATION This project is dedicated to Jerry and Jan Walker. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This creative writing thesis project was made possible with the help, guidance, and friendship of many. I would first like to thank Professor Paul S. Eggers, my long time creative writing instructor and thesis Chair, for all of his patience, knowledge, and advice throughout this writing process. I would like to thank the English Department as a whole for the community of support and guidance they have offered me in both my undergraduate and graduate studies. A very special thanks to those Professors I worked especially close with over the years: Robert G. Davidson, Jeanne E. Clark, Kim Peck Jaxon, Tracy R. Butts, and Aiping Zhang. In addition to the faculty, I would like to thank the wonderful academic and writing support I have received from my many peers and friends throughout the years by way of conversation, critique, and sense of community. I would like to especially thank Jeremy Wallace who has been there every step of the way with me on this journey from Bachelor’s Degree to Master’s Degree. His friendship and brotherhood has meant the world to me. I would also like to thank my immediate family including my mother, father, and three younger brothers, my niece and nephew, and all of my close friends who have been there for me with a shoulder to cry on and an open ear to hear me scream. Last but not least, I would like to thank Sharon Demeyer for her help with all things English Major, but more importantly for her friendship and laughter on those days when I needed it most. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Publication Rights ...................................................................................................... iii Dedication................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ...................................................................................................... v Abstract....................................................................................................................... vii PART I. Critical Introduction................................................................................. 2 Finding My Literary Landscape ................................................... 2 My Fiction Stories and Theory..................................................... 9 II. Water Spots.............................................................................................. 19 A River’s Forge ............................................................................ 20 Houseboats ................................................................................... 35 Concrete River.............................................................................. 51 Works Cited................................................................................................................ 66 vi ABSTRACT WATER SPOTS by © Charles Bradford Walker 2015 Master of Arts in English California State University, Chico Spring 2015 Water Spots is a collection of three short-fiction stories written over the course of the past five years. These stories share themes in their characters’ search for identity in changing environments while often dealing with a sense of loss—the loss of others and the loss of their sense of self and place. These stories were not originally written as a collection, but they will be discussed and analyzed in this project as if they are because they represent my writing style over my recent academic career and give the reader a glimpse into the way in which I create and craft my stories. vii PART I CRITICAL INTRODUCTION Man’s most valuable faculty is his imagination. Human life seems so little designed for happiness that we need the help of a few creations, a few images, a lucky choice of memories to muster some sparse pleasure on this earth and struggle against the pain of all our destinies – not by philosophical force, but by the more efficient force of distraction. (287) ~ Germaine de Stael Finding My Literary Landscape One of the reasons I chose to concentrate my studies on creative writing when I came back to school at my age was because I have always loved to play with words and create a poetic rhythm, in both poetry and prose. I was once told by a fellow creative writing student that she could always tell a fiction piece was mine because of the language and my use of imagery. When considering this project, I looked back at the creative work I’ve written over the past five years, as both an undergraduate and graduate student. I wanted to choose stories that I could present to an audience as a collection in terms of my themes, styles, and my growth as a writer. The three works of fiction that I chose to discuss and analyze in this project are “A River’s Forge,” “Houseboats,” and “Concrete River.” These three stories fully span the five years of creative writing I have experienced while being back in this academic world. They were written in three different creative writing classes, but share similarities in character struggles, thematic styles, and use of the natural world and imagery. 2 3 One of the biggest challenges for me as a writer has always been taking a story to an end point, having peace of mind in knowing a story is complete and needs no further revision. As I approach completion of my graduate studies and achieving my master’s degree, this uncertainty in having a finished product is still a dilemma. Even after critiques from peers and professors and multiple revisions, I read through my stories and continue asking myself questions about the characters and their struggles; I am always wondering if there is something more that can be done to heighten an awareness of what I am trying to convey to a reader. But the fact that I still question when a story is finished and if the ending is the actual ending has not hampered my knowledge of the means by which my stories begin and what makes them tick along the way. I know the triggers that begin my creative writing process and keep my characters afloat, paddling down the stream. Images are and have been an important element in my fiction writing. They are important to my written work as symbols and metaphors and also to my writing process and approach to developing a story. More often than not, it is an object, setting, or scene that is the origin of my fiction. The trigger behind my stories is typically not a character’s conflict or dilemma, but rather an image. Images are my jumping-in point, the place where I begin to write my way into a story. When I am lured to an image, I begin to question the reasons for this interest. I question the relevance an image has to my personal experience and sense of self. I look, in other words, for connections that may exist between an image and my life. The source of my intrigue could be a forgotten memory, one recalled through the agency of image, or a life-changing moment. Through images, I seek to discover inroads to the mysteries of our human condition. I use images 4 not only as the starting point to my stories, but also as a device that propels the story from one scene to the next. In the three short-fiction stories that make up this project, images of both natural and man-made worlds are an ever-prevalent trigger and accompaniment to the characters’ dilemmas. These two different worlds in which my characters both live and imagine play a large part in the push and pull the characters experience in choosing one life over another, the city over the country, or a known past over an unknown future. My use of natural images often creates opportunities and environments for characters to pause and reflect on themselves and their desires. For example, in my short story “A River’s Forge,” Luke, the main character, sits at the bank of the grand Kuskokwin River and thinks, “It must be nice to be a river, always flowing, always knowing where to go.” This image of the river Luke conjures as he stares out across the water offers him a chance to ponder his life. He is also able to find reason for his attraction to the natural world in which he lives because of the river’s actions. Luke sees the river as having a sense of knowledge in its life’s purpose, as opposed to his lack of purpose in the city life he fled. I use not only grandiose natural world images such as rivers, lakes, and oceans to serve the story and character, but also simple, mundane man-made objects. In my story “Concrete River,” for example, the unnamed main character drinks from a coffee mug that was given to him as a gift from his father years previous. While the character is sipping his coffee and questioning his current state of existence, the mug triggers memories of his father. Because of the memories attached to this mug, he begins to question his upbringing by his father. He wonders to what degree, if any, his current 5 identity stems from a childhood controlled by his father’s decisions; he considers the possibility that his life struggles in the present originated because of his father’s choices long ago. I also use the mug as a symbol which helps readers more fully understand the instability and uncertainty this main character is experiencing. Though it is not a travel mug that fits easily into the drink holder of an automobile, he travels with it in his car, anyway.
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