JURISDICTIONAL 1990 • • • • • • AT AGLANCE DEVELOPMENT (LED-R) LOW-EMISSION RURAL PLEDGES &COMMITMENTS TIMELINE OFIMPORTANT EVENTS WWF, FORCLIME, fishergroups, andtheMarineFisheriesAgency, is erosion andstorm surges. Theprovincial government, incollaboration with ecosystem disruptionshave increased theregion’s vulnerability to coastal currently located withinstate protected forests. Logging ofmangroves and into protected forest areas –over 70,000hectares ofthesepondsare of government regulation andmonitoring, shrimppondshave expanded the second largest commodity contributing to provincial GDP. In theabsence shrimp farming inDKS started growing rapidly duringthe1990s&iscurrently ecosystems thatare key to climate change mitigation andresilience. Tiger local livelihoods through shrimpfarming, whileconserving mangrove Revitalization of theDelta Kayan-Sembakung (DKS) SPOTLIGHT ON INNOVATION to oilpalm expansion into theirhabitat valued, buthuman-elephantconflict isincreasing due are protected by nationalregulations &culturally Endangered Bornean elephantsintheSebuku forest of thejurisdiction(13,600km the Heart ofBorneoInitiative, encompasses over 15% largest conservation areas inSEAsia&acentral part of Kayan Mentarang NationalPark (KMNP),oneofthe Palm oilaccounts for 62%ofagricultural production protection, conservation &production 90% ofprovincial area contained inforests zoned for production decrease &increased reliance onimports population growth provinces, withrecent migrants settling inurban areas; 30% ofprovincial populationare migrants from other (formerly part ofEastKalimantan) provinceNewest inIndonesia,established in2012 national park (granted 1980)to nature reserve changed from designation KMNP’s NATIONAL NORTH g Rio Branco Declaration

2000 agricultural landconversion, Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to management, formed natural resource space for IPto discuss Mentarang (FoMMA), a IP Alliance ofKayan 2 ) Under2 MOU

UNFCCC

1 2 3

◆ ◆ ◆ 2010 region aimsto improve (NK)Province established AVERAGE ANNUAL EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION DEFORESTATION MAIN ECONOMIC JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY PROFILE RURAL/URBAN 2018 POPULATION POPULATION DRIVERS OF ACTIVITIES Joined Governors' Climate &Forests Task Force (GCF) AREA Regional ActionPlanfor GHGEmissions(RAD-GRK) began development GINI GDP HDI Regional Spatial Plan 2017–2037(RTRWP) published 2020 65%/35%  0.303 (2017) USD 4.1billion 69.84 716,407 68,996 km decomposition above-ground biomass&peat 11.33 MtCO Industrialmining farmers to manage theforest. simultaneously. Aforest farmer group comprises of15-20adjacent shrimp of shrimpfarms andestablishment offorest farmer groups are occurring the area anditsresources. Inpreparing for theSFS, mappinganddelineation (SFS) allowing fishers andindigenous peoples(IP)to collaboratively manage by petitioning thenationalgovernment to establish asocialforestry scheme Currently, to theproject resolve istrying thelegality ofshrimpfarming inDKS support to obtain sustainable product certification (valued by buyers). restoration. Farmers learn bestpractices for shrimpcultivation andreceive with technical assistance, knowledge sharingandmarketing, andmangrove addressing theseissuesby forming working groups to assistshrimpfarmers



Construction resources Extraction ofnon-renewable Fish farming Infrastructure development Large-scale agriculture Large-scale legal logging Fisheries (2018) (2017)

(2018) 2

2 (2010-2015)

2030 Includes

HUNDREDS OF Km2 0 2 4 6

1997

2 FREL GDP Deforestation 98 2 99 2 00 2 01 1.5 02 1.5 03 1.5

2040 04 7.4 international support)below BAU (unconditional) to 41%(conditional on national goal: Reduce emissions29% below 1990levels. baseline. 1 05 ◆ Reduce deforestation 80% below 7.4

 06

agreement orforum Part ofinternational 7.4 07 DEFORESTATION FOREST NO FOREST 3.9 (1990-2015) 08

2 3.9

09

Limitemissions80-95% 3.9 10 1.8 11 1.8 Forestry data from of Ministry Deforestation: Derived BPSSocio-economic: Data sources:

3 12 3 Contribute to 13

3 14 2.4 15 2016 2.4 51 4.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 2050 TRILLIONS IDR TRILLIONS KEY INTERVENTIONS DISINCENTIVES ENABLING MEASURES INCENTIVES ORGANIZATION(S) FUNDING IMPLEMENTING INTERVENTION & FOCUS BENEFICIARIES

NATIONAL6 NATIONAL1 & PROVINCIAL7 PROVINCIAL PUBLIC2 & DISTRICT8 Heart of (HoB) Initiative Local communities 3 PUBLIC MULTILATERAL OTHER NATIONAL/ (LC), IP, National & sub- BILATERAL PUBLIC4 INTERNATIONAL Sustainable economic development, best management practices, ecotourism, national governments PRIVATE5 NON-PROFIT9 ACADEMIA10 capacity-building

NATIONAL/ Corporate Performance Rating Program (PROPER) Private sectors (industry, 2 PROVINCIAL PUBLIC PROVINCIAL / logging concession, NATIONAL PUBLIC1 DISTRICT PUBLIC11 Mandatory annual evaluations of companies’ compliance with environmental laws plantation & mining)

PROVINCIAL PROVINCIAL 9 NK Shrimp Farmers’ Association (Abuwintara) PUBLIC2 PUBLIC NATIONAL Shrimp farmers NATIONAL NON-PROFIT12 Shrimp management; green fishery certification; cooperation between farmers, local 12 13 NON-PROFIT ACADEMIA govt, & relevant authorities

PROVINCIAL/ (associated with HoB) DISTRICT15 & FORCLIME REDD+ - Malinau Project Sub-national BILATERAL BILATERAL PUBLIC14 14 government agencies, PUBLIC NATIONAL NON Forest management units (FMU), provincial forestry plans (RKTP), spatial planning, 12 LC in protected areas PROFIT institutional strengthening

1 State Income & Expenditure Budget (APBN). 2 Provincial Revenue & Expenditure Budget (APBD). 3 Asian Development Bank. 4 KfW German Development Bank, GIZ Forests & Climate Change Programme (FORCLIME), Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. 5 Pt. Ratah Timber, PT. Sari Bumi Kusuma, IKEA, PT. Sumalindo Lestari Jaya Tbk. 6 National Working Group (Pokjanas). 7 Provincial Working Group (Pokjaprov). 8 District Working Group (Pokjakab). 9 The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOS), Borneo Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation Institute (BEBSiC), Tropenbos International, WWF-Indonesia, The Nature Conservancy, Global Forest & Trade Network (GFTN), The Borneo Initiative. 10 Universitas Nasional, Bogor Agricultural University, Universitas Tanjungpura, Palangkaraya University, Mulawarman University, Universitas Gadjah Mada. 11 Environmental Agencies of national, provincial, & district levels. 12 WWF-Indonesia. 13 Borneo University. 14 FORCLIME. 15 Provincial & district governments. PROGRESS TO JURISDICTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES & EARLY INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED OPPORTUNITIES

Integrated LED-R • Elements of a LED-R strategy in the early stages of development through initiatives (e.g., FORCLIME CHALLENGES Strategy REDD+) • Provincial government lacks • Medium Term Development Plan 2016 - 2021 (RPJMD) includes sustainable development; integration of funds & capacity to manage a vast climate change & ecosystem services provision is unclear expanse of forest or engage with Spatial plan • RTRWP integrates customary forests & considers ecology & mitigation various stakeholders • Inadequate provincial-level policy Performance • Provincial contribution to NDC in early stages of definition framework for LED-R, due in part to targets • RAD-GRK, under development, will set emission reduction targets NK’s recent formation Monitoring, • Historical emissions & potential future emissions are being compiled & calculated • FoMMA, a key player in the reporting & • Jurisdictional reference levels will be developed in line with national methods collaborative management of the verification (MRV) KMNP, faces major challenges concerning its capacity, funding, & Policies & • RPJMD seeks to increase infrastructure accessibility to foster economic development access to customary land areas, & incentives • Provincial government supports & encourages development of alternative energy sources (e.g., hydro requires continued support from power, biomass plant generating energy from plants/oil palm waste) to reduce coal reliance government & donors Multi-stakeholder • ­KMNP’s Multi-stakeholder Supervisory Body (DP3K) includes IP (represented by FoMMA), national, OPPORTUNITIES governance provincial, & district agencies for collaborative management of natural resources in & around the park • DKS Revitalization Forum includes IP & coastal communities, private sector, fisher associations, • Vast amounts of forests & provincial government, NGOs mangroves are under conservation & co-managed by governments, IP Sustainable • FORCLIME & NGOs support fishers & farmers in mapping & delineating land ownership; results to be & LC, providing opportunities for integrated into RTRWP & national One Map Initiative agriculture reducing emissions • Efforts by FORCLIME & local forestry services to turn shrimp farms located in DKS into a social forestry • Recent entry into GCF demonstrates scheme (silvo-aquaculture), to give legal tenure & allow for sustainability certification interest in advancing LED-R policies Indigenous • IP rights recognized in RTRWP through 3 land designations: protected areas, cultivated areas & & programs peoples & local customary forest areas; not yet implemented • Existing support from partners & communities • 3 of the 4 districts have regulations supporting IP rights to manage ancestral forests donors (e.g., HoB, FORCLIME) can LED-R finance • HoB is developing sustainable financing schemes sourced from multilateral agencies, governments, further LED-R private sector, and/or NGOs, & a Payment for Environmental Services (PES) system • New roads & improvements on the Pan-Borneo Highway by 2022 will CITATION | M. Komalasari, S. Peteru, S. Atmadja. 2018. “North Kalimantan, Indonesia” in C. Stickler et al. (Eds.), The State of Jurisdictional connect NK to , — a Sustainability. San Francisco, CA: EII; Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR; Boulder, CO: GCF-TF. possible catalyst for business & COMPLETE REFERENCES & DATA SOURCES PROVIDED AT www.earthinnovation.org/state-of-jurisdictional-sustainability economic development — although 2018/12/19 environmental impacts are unclear

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