DOCSLIB.ORG

Hampstead Garden Suburb Brave New World?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hampstead Garden Suburb Brave New World? Hampstead Garden Suburb Brave New World? In the summer of 2008 a When we think of the picturesque designers swept villages away and English village we see a huddle of re-sited consciously picturesque new- group of landscape houses and cottages of varying sizes and builds to improve the view from rich architecture and spatial heights, built in local vernacular materi- men’s windows. The aim was to create planning students from als, clustered in a ‘higgledy-piggledy’ the impression of an elysian rural idyll, manner around a visual focus of the although more enlightened landowners Wageningen visited parish church with its tower or spire. might have more practically used the London and Southern Nearby, there may be a village green opportunity to improve living conditions England on a study trip. which was common land for the inhabit- for their estate workers. ants to use for sports or pastimes and The programme included perhaps a manor house, home of the Powerful and philanthropic industrialists Hampstead Garden local squire or lord. We might describe of the high Victorian-age built model this image as ‘chocolate-box’. villages in which to house their workers. Suburb, one of the best- Here they lived in well-built homes with known examples of The appearance of such places may sanitation and enjoyed life-enhancing ‘garden city’ planning in delight us today, but their development, centres such as schools, community halls in visual terms at least, was anything but offering social events and evening-class- London. Dating from the conscious. Beyond location, perhaps es, churches and sports fields, in the early years of the last adjacent to water or taking advantage of shadow of the great factories and mills century its design a valley for shelter or hill-top for secu- that provided their employment. The rity, such places grew by a gradual Prince of Wales is today conducting his concept was to influence process within the topography of the own social, environmental and architec- Dutch garden cities of landscape to accommodate the needs tural experiments, praised and criticised and lives of people. Men simply built in equal measure, in the model village of the 1950’s and 60’s. shelters to house their families on what Poundbury near Dorchester, under the Professional Blue Badge little land they could acquire, from direction of American architect and Guide, David Thompson, materials found close-to-hand. Building urban planner Leon Krier. In the mas- methods, though generally crude, devel- terplan, buildings of varying styles and gave a tour and provides oped through numerous years of experi- material composition are juxtaposed at TOPOS with the context mentation and structures were changed angles, positioned along curving streets and ‘Genius Loci’, the or enlarged, dependent upon such basics or grouped in squares and courts, with as success of a harvest or number of strictly regulated ground surfaces and sense of the place. children born and surviving. If there plantings. Such concepts were and still was an obstacle such as a large tree are, attempts to create environments people just walked round it. When the pleasing to the eye and pleasant to live tree either died or was cut down, the in, whilst holding and sustaining human established path was maintained rather communities and social needs based than straightened, as homes or enclo- upon traditional patterns that evolved sures had probably long-since been over centuries. Some are undoubtedly established along its curves. Only the more successful than others, but all church and manor house, frequently should be viewed in the context of the incorporating expensive materials time and beliefs in which they were imported into the area and built respec- created. tively to impress for the glory of God and a man’s wealth and social position, London also has model villages or might be considered architecture. communities woven into its urban fabric. One of these is Hampstead Periodically, people of wealth and Garden Suburb, situated a few miles due influence have attempted, with varying north of the city’s centre. David Thompson degrees of success, to consciously Blue Badge Guide emulate such habitations. In the eigh- At the turn of the century the metropo- [email protected] teenth century, English landscape lis was expanding rapidly, assisted by the 8 TOPOS / 03 / 2008 development of the Underground Railway (known as the Tube today). When the lines emerged from tunnels under Central London, they were fre- quently continued above ground into the surrounding suburbs and open land beyond. Londoners now had the facility to leave densely built-up areas and, within a relatively short journey, be close to open countryside to take recreation and fresh-air. The railway also encour- aged speculative developers to buy open land for house building and the age of the commuter was born. A downside was that all too often, in the haste of profit-making, developments were poorly built in a haphazard and uncoor- dinated manner. Just south of where Hampstead Garden Suburb stands today, was Hampstead Heath, a beautiful undulating area of 288 hectares of woodland and open heath and grassland, immortalised by artists such as John Constable, and preserved for all time for the enjoyment of Londoners. Although only a few kilometres from the centre, in the early years of the twentieth century, wide tracts of open countryside reached to the northern boundaries of the Heath. In 1906 a remarkable woman called Henrietta Barnett owned a cottage in the area and sensing that the opening of an extension of the railway from Hamp- stead to a distance several kilometres further north, posed an immediate threat to the surrounding landscape, she began a personal crusade. As she was to say, ‘it required no imagination to see rows of ugly villas in the foreground of that far-reaching and far-famed view’. With formidable campaigning zeal Henrietta raised sufficient support and funds to purchase an additional 32.5 hectares as an exten- sion to the Heath. Although at an age when many people might be considering retirement, Henrietta’s story did not end there. Of genteel birth and described as, ‘a girl who had been reared in a luxurious home, accustomed to lavish living and entertain- TOPOS / 03 / 2008 9 number of up-and-coming architects were enlisted to design houses and buildings for varying domestic and community needs. This was a bold move, as it was ultimately to create within the Suburb contrasting senses of intimacy, spaciousness, and grandeur. Architectural design incorporated reference from established historic housing style associated with differing ing, who revelled in hunting and gardening and community, it has always been known as social levels, emphasising harmonious outdoor life’, Henrietta married a clergy- the Suburb. visual variety and at least attempting to man and together they lived for many convey an impression that the Suburb years in London’s East End administer- Edwin Lutyens who was making a name had grown piece-meal through a passage ing to the social needs of the poor. The for himself as an architect of country of time. Artisan homes resemble stylised legacy of their ministry remains to this houses was later appointed consulting rural vernacular cottages with low-reach- day. architect. A private Act of Parliament ing roofs, plastered and painted white or was needed to protect Unwin’s designs, pebble-dashed, whilst in contrast those Henrietta harboured a dream of build- incorporating groupings of houses of the wealthy in the neighbouring ing a community ‘where all classes of society around miniature village greens or environs of the Square are built of red and standards of income should be accommo- cul-de-sacs, from restrictive local bye- and blue brick, with sash-windows and dated’. laws which demanded housing to be detailing resembling the domestic built along through-roads. This Act was architecture of Christopher Wren. She was a great admirer of Ebenezer the forerunner of the first Town Plan- Throughout the full domestic range, Howard, social reformer and pioneer of ning Act in Britain and also allowed the excellence in quality of materials and Town Planning, whose vision of respon- Trust to build an average density of 20 construction was employed. sibly planned high-standard environ- houses per hectare within the overall ments offering social and economic inte- plan. Houses were more densely packed Planting also reflected the social-eco- gration, provided an alternative to the in some areas, in particular artisan nomic status of the occupants. Hedging soulless ribbon development prevalent homes, which were usually grouped or surrounding the cheaper homes was of at the time and formed the planning- terraced, in contrast to more spaciously privet and fruit trees were planted in the basis for the Garden Cities of Letch- positioned detached homes intended for gardens, while more expensive proper- worth and Welwyn to the north of the wealthy professionals. ties were divided by yew. Individual plots capital. Such principles appealed to were laid out in the understanding that Henrietta and she determined that they On the 2 May 1907, Henrietta Barnett poorer people would want to grow should be applied to anything she might herself, ceremoniously turned the first vegetables and fruit, in contrast to the build herself. With unflagging energy sod and construction commenced. more affluent who would use theirs for and persuasiveness she enlisted a num- Roads were to be tree-lined and there recreation and the growing of flowers. ber of influential people, bringing both were to be no dividing walls between For the parade-ground scale Central gravitas and finance, to form the Hamp- plots, all necessary division and bound- Square featuring vast lawns, Edwin stead Garden Suburb Trust, with the ary-marking being of low hedging.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freeholders Benefit As Court Upholds Trust Decision
    THE TRUST P u b l i s h e d b y t h e h a m P s t e a d G a r d e n s u b u r b t r u s t l i m i t e d Issue no. 10 sePtember 2012 Freeholders benefit as Court upholds Trust decision The Management Charge for the The Court ordered that the owner of The Court held that the Trust was financial year 2011/2012 has been 25 Ingram Avenue must pay the Trust’s acting in the public interest. The held steady at the same level as costs in defending, over a period of decision sets an important precedent the previous year – and there is a five years, a refusal of Trust consent for the future of the Scheme of further benefit for freeholders. for an extension. The Trust is in turn Management – and is doubly good passing the £140,000, recovered in news for charge payers. In August last year freeholders March 2012, back to charge payers. received a bill for £127. However, this THE GAZETTE AT A GLANCE year, owners of property that became The Court of Appeal ruled in freehold before 5 April 2008 will receive November 2011 that the Trust had Trust Decision Upheld ........................ 1 a bill for only £85 – thanks largely to been right to refuse consent for an Suburb Trees ........................................ 2 judges in the Court of Appeal. extension that would have encroached Hampstead Heritage Trail .................. 3 on the space between houses, Education ............................................. 5 The Hampstead contravened the Design Guidance and Garden Suburb Trust set an undesirable precedent across Trust Committees ..............................
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Ring Section 11 Hendon Park to Highgate
    Capital Ring Directions from Hendon Central station: From Hendon Central Station Section 11 turn left and walk along Queen’s Road. Cross the road opposite Hendon Park gates and enter the park. Follow the tarmac path down through the Hendon Park to Highgate park and then the grass between an avenue of magnificent London plane and other trees. At the path junction, turn left to join the main Capital Ring route. Version 2 : August 2010 Directions from Hendon Park: Walk through the park exiting left onto Shirehall Lane. Turn right along Shirehall Close and then left into Shirehall Start: Hendon Park (TQ234882) Park. Follow the road around the corner and turn right towards Brent Street. Cross Brent Street, turn right and then left along the North Circular road. Station: Hendon Central After 150m enter Brent Park down a steep slope. A Finish: Priory Gardens, Highgate (TQ287882) Station: Highgate The route now runs alongside the River Brent and runs parallel with the Distance: 6 miles (9.6 km) North Circular for about a mile. This was built in the 1920s and is considered the noisiest road in Britain. The lake in Brent Park was dug as a duck decoy to lure wildfowl for the table; the surrounding woodland is called Decoy Wood. Brent Park became a public park in 1934. Introduction: This walk passes through many green spaces and ancient woodlands on firm pavements and paths. Leave the park turning left into Bridge Lane, cross over and turn right before the bridge into Brookside Walk. The path might be muddy and slippery in The walk is mainly level but there some steep ups and downs and rough wet weather.
    [Show full text]
  • 63 EAST END ROAD East Finchley, London N2 0SE
    Site boundary line indicative only 63 EAST END ROAD East Finchley, London N2 0SE North London Residential Development Opportunity 63 East End Road East Finchley, London N2 0SE 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY • Residential development opportunity located in East Finchley within the jurisdiction of the London Borough of Barnet. • The approximately 0.41 hectare (1.02 acre) walled site is occupied by a detached, early 19th Century villa, which has been extended and adapted over the years, set in attractive grounds. • Planning permission for redevelopment of the site to provide an all-private residential scheme comprising 15 houses, 12 new build and 3 of which will be formed by converting part of the existing Grade II Listed building. • The scheme will comprise 12x 2 Bedroom houses and 3x 3 Bedroom houses with a total Net Saleable Area of 1,639 sq m (17,638 sq ft). 19 car parking spaces will be provided. CGI’s of proposed scheme • Located approximately 1.3km from Finchley Central London Underground Station and 1.5km from East Finchley London Underground Station for access to Northern Line services. • For sale freehold with vacant possession CGI’s of proposed scheme CGI’s of proposed scheme 63 East End Road East Finchley, London N2 0SE 3 LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The site is located within East Finchley, North London approximately 9 km (5.5 miles) from Central London. East Finchley is situated between Muswell Hill to the east, Hampstead Garden Suburb and Highgate to the south and south west and Finchley bounds it to the north, delineated by the North Circular Road (A406).
    [Show full text]
  • Capital Ring Section 11 of 15
    Transport for London. Capital Ring Section 11 of 15. Hendon Park to Priory Gardens, Highgate. Section start: Hendon Park. Nearest stations Hendon Central . to start: Section finish: Priory Gardens, Highgate. Nearest station Highgate . to finish: Section distance: 6 miles (9.6 kilometres). Introduction. This walk passes through many green spaces and ancient woodlands on firm pavements and paths. The walk is mainly level but there some steep ups and downs and rough ground, especially at the end towards Highgate station. This may be difficult for wheelchairs and buggies but it can be avoided by taking a parallel route. Interesting things to see along the way include the lake in Brent Park, once a duck decoy, the statue of 'La Delivrance' at Finchley Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb dating from 1907, the distinctive East Finchley Underground station opened in 1939 with its famous archer statue and the three woods - Cherry Tree, Highgate and Queen's Wood - all remnants of the ancient forest of Middlesex. There are pubs and cafes at Hendon Central, Northway, East Finchley, Highgate Wood and Queen's Wood. There are public toilets at Highgate Wood and Queen's Wood. There's an Underground station at East Finchley, as well as buses along the way. Continues Continues on next page Directions From Hendon Central station turn left and walk along Queen's Road. Cross the road opposite Hendon Park gates and enter the park. Follow the tarmac path down through the park and then the grass between an avenue of magnificent London plane and other trees. At the path junction (by the railway footbridge), turn left to join the main Capital Ring route.
    [Show full text]
  • Hgstrust.Org London N11 1NP Tel: 020 8359 3000 Email: [email protected] (Add Character Appraisals’ in the Subject Line) Contents
    Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation Area Character Appraisal Statement Introduction For further information on the contents of this document contact: Urban Design and Heritage Team (Strategy) Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust Planning, Housing and Regeneration 862 Finchley Road First Floor, Building 2, London NW11 6AB North London Business Park, tel: 020 8455 1066 Oakleigh Road South, email: [email protected] London N11 1NP tel: 020 8359 3000 email: [email protected] (add character appraisals’ in the subject line) Contents Section 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Hampstead Garden Suburb 5 1.2 Conservation areas 5 1.3 Purpose of a character appraisal statement 5 1.4 The Barnet unitary development plan 6 1.5 Article 4 directions 7 1.6 Area of special advertisement control 7 1.7 The role of Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust 8 1.8 Distinctive features of this character appraisal 8 Section 2 Location and uses 10 2.1 Location 10 2.2 Uses and activities 11 Section 3 The historical development of Hampstead Garden Suburb 15 3.1 Early history 15 3.2 Origins of the Garden Suburb 16 3.3 Development after 1918 20 3.4 1945 to the present day 21 Section 4 Spatial analysis 22 4.1 Topography 22 4.2 Views and vistas 22 4.3 Streets and open spaces 24 4.4 Trees and hedges 26 4.5 Public realm 29 Section 5 Town planning and architecture 31 Section 6 Character areas 36 Hampstead Garden Suburb Character Appraisal Introduction 5 Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Hampstead Garden Suburb Hampstead Garden Suburb is internationally recognised as one of the finest examples of early twentieth century domestic architecture and town planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Henrietta Barnett: Co-Founder of Toynbee Hall, Teacher, Philanthropist and Social Reformer
    Henrietta Barnett: Co-founder of Toynbee Hall, teacher, philanthropist and social reformer. by Tijen Zahide Horoz For a future without poverty There was always “something maverick, dominating, Roman about her, which is rarely found in women, though she was capable of deep feeling.” n 1884 Henrietta Barnett and her husband Samuel founded the first university settlement, Toynbee Hall, where Oxbridge students could become actively involved in helping to improve life in the desperately poor East End Ineighbourhood of Whitechapel. Despite her active involvement in Toynbee Hall and other projects, Henrietta has often been overlooked in favour of a focus on her husband’s struggle for social reform in East London. But who was the woman behind the man? Henrietta’s work left an indelible mark on the social history of London. She was a woman who – despite the obstacles of her time – accomplished so much for poor communities all over London. Driven by her determination to confront social injustice, she was a social reformer, a philanthropist, a teacher and a devoted wife. A shrewd feminist and political activist, Henrietta was not one to shy away from the challenges posed by a Victorian patriarchal society. As one Toynbee Hall settler recalled, Henrietta’s “irrepressible will was suggestive of the stronger sex”, and “there was always something maverick, dominating, Roman about her, which is rarely found in women, though she was capable of deep feeling.”1 (Cover photo): Henrietta in her forties. 1. Creedon, A. ‘Only a Woman’, Henrietta Barnett: Social Reformer and Founder of Hampstead Garden Suburb, (Chichester: Phillimore & Co. LTD, 2006) 3 A fourth sister had “married Mr James Hinton, the aurist and philosopher, whose thought greatly influenced Miss Caroline Haddon, who, as my teacher and my friend, had a dynamic effect on my then somnolent character.” The Early Years (Above): Henrietta as a young teenager.
    [Show full text]
  • Synagogues with Secretaries (For Marriages) Certified to the Registrar General
    Synagogues with Secretaries (for marriages) certified to the Registrar General DISTNAME BUILDNAME BARNET BARNET BARNET BARNET FINCHLEY BARNET BEIS KNESSES AHAVAS REIM SYNAGOGUE BARNET BRIDGE LANE BETH HAMEDRASH BARNET EDGWARE ADATH YISROEL BARNET EDGWARE AND DISTRICT REFORM BARNET EDGWARE MASORTI BARNET EDGWARE UNITED SYNAGOGUE BARNET EDGWARE YESHURIN BARNET ETZ CHAIM SYNAGOGUE BARNET FINCHLEY CENTRAL BARNET FINCHLEY PROGRESSIVE BARNET FINCHLEY REFORM BARNET GOLDERS GREEN BARNET GOLDERS GREEN BETH HAMEDRASH BARNET HAMPSTEAD GARDEN SUBURB BARNET HENDON BARNET HENDON ADATH YISROEL BARNET HENDON BEIS HAMEDRASH BARNET HENDON REFORM BARNET KOL NEFESH MASORTI SYNAGOGUE BARNET MACHZIKE HADATH BARNET MACHZIKEI HADASS SYNAGOGUE BARNET MILL HILL BARNET NER YISRAEL BARNET NEW NORTH LONDON BARNET NORTH HENDON ADATH YISROEL BARNET NORTH WEST SEPHARDISH BARNET NORTH WESTERN REFORM BARNET OD YOSEF CHAI YESHIVA COMMUNITY BARNET OHEL DAVID EASTERN BARNET SINAI BARNET SOUTHGATE AND DISTRICT REFORM BARNET THE NEW HENDON BEIS HAMEDRASH SYNAGOGUE BARNET WOODSIDE PARK BEDFORD BEDFORDSHIRE PROGRESSIVE SYNAGOGUE BIRMINGHAM BIRMINGHAM CENTRAL SYNAGOGUE BIRMINGHAM BIRMINGHAM HEBREW CONGREGATION BIRMINGHAM BIRMINGHAM PROGRESSIVE BLACKPOOL BLACKPOOL REFORM BLACKPOOL BLACKPOOL UNITED HEBREW CONGREGATION BLACKPOOL ST ANNES HEBREW CONGREGATION BOURNEMOUTH BOURNEMOUTH HEBREW CONGREGATION BOURNEMOUTH BOURNEMOUTH REFORM SYNAGOGUE BRADFORD AND KEIGHLEY BRADFORD HEBREW BRADFORD AND KEIGHLEY THE BRADFORD SYNAGOGUE BRENT BRONDESBURY PARK SYNAGOGUE BRENT DAVID ISHAG SYNAGOGUE
    [Show full text]
  • 'Voices of the Suburb'
    www.hgs.org.uk Issue 118 · Spring 2014 Suburb Directory 2014 Shiver me timbers! May 2014-April 2015 All you need to Leslie Garrett to All you need to know about living – pirates and fairies on the Suburb know about the perform at this year’s awash at RA party, Suburb in the new Proms at St Judes, see page 4 2014 Directory see page 5 MEMBERS SEE CENTREDISCOUNTS TO JOIN RA FOR AND ENJOY 40 LOCAL www.hgs.org.uk New faces at the RA The RA’s 102nd annual general HON LIFE MEMBERS cottage at 68 Willifield Way. CHAIRMAN AN meeting on March 31 saw Janet The RA occasionally confers This had been considered both INSPIRATION Elliott, chairman for the last five honorary life membership on sensitive and elegant. Presenting her with a Suburb years, hand over to Jonathan Seres. people who have, over a long The architect was Christian watercolor from the Garden Max Petersen became vice period, provided exceptional Clemares of XUL Architecture Suburb Gallery, Jonathan Seres chairman and Gary Shaw, scourge service to the Suburb. This year who was presented with the award. said Janet had been both an of Barnet’s parking dept, took over Hilda Williams who has looked inspiration and a pleasure to as hon secretary. Hon treasurer, after Fellowship House and its work with. He welcomed new Jeremy Clynes, stayed put. members for much of a very long and old members. He spoke of It was a good year for recruits life, accepted life membership the motivation for new residents to council with five new members as did Jenny and Brian Stonhold to join the RA, and said “The making up for the loss of Richard for their work with young people.
    [Show full text]
  • Hgstrust.Org London N11 1NP Tel: 020 8359 3000 Email: [email protected] (Add ‘Character Appraisals’ in the Subject Line) Contents
    Hampstead Garden Suburb Central Square – Area 1 Character Appraisal For further information on the contents of this document contact: Urban Design and Heritage Team (Strategy) Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust Planning, Housing and Regeneration 862 Finchley Road First Floor, Building 2, London NW11 6AB North London Business Park, tel: 020 8455 1066 Oakleigh Road South, email: [email protected] London N11 1NP tel: 020 8359 3000 email: [email protected] (add ‘character appraisals’ in the subject line) Contents Section 1 Background historical and architectural information 5 1.1 Location and topography 5 1.2 Development dates and originating architect(s) and planners 5 1.3 Intended purpose of original development 5 1.4 Density and nature of the buildings. 5 Section 2 Overall character of the area 6 2.1 Principal positive features 7 2.2 Principal negative features 9 Section 3 The different parts of the main area in greater detail 11 3.1 Erskine Hill and North Square 11 3.2 Central Square, St. Jude’s, the Free Church and the Institute 14 3.3 South Square and Heathgate 17 3.4 Northway, Southway, Bigwood Court and Southwood Court 20 Map of area Hampstead Garden Suburb Central Square, Area 1 Character Appraisal 5 Character appraisal Section 1 Background historical and architectural information 1.1 Location and topography Central Square was literally at the centre of the ‘old’ suburb but, due to the further development of the Suburb in the 1920s and 1930s, it is now located towards the west of the Conservation Area. High on its hill, it remains the focal point of the Suburb.
    [Show full text]
  • 'How Lucky We Are to Live Here'*
    of magnificent trees should not be and that the Trust’s expert witness considered. Hampstead Garden “did not make any great claims for LETTERS Suburb is a stunning conservation its architectural merit”. area and the tree in questions was I did not and do not understand Widecombe Way, N2 OHL well as visitors to our Suburb: part of Bigwood Nature Reserve why the Tribunal judge should 1) The extra rooms and spaces for according to the councils plans, it have been startled at what seems Sir, additional school activities and was also known as the tongue of to me to be a quite reasonable and Having earlier read “‘Inappropriate’ classes are indeed exceptional. It the ancient woodlands and covered moderately expressed opinion. There extension sends negative waves must be a pleasure to both teach by a tree preservation order, the are plenty of less distinguished around the Suburb” H&H, Sept 8, and learn in these well equipped sheer callousness of the appellants residential buildings on the Suburb. I decided to have a look at the new and inspiring rooms and areas. who were totally unable to prove In fact, that is the point I would be Henrietta Barnett School extension. 2) The outward design, whilst their case shows that fighting for grateful if you, Sir, would allow With respect, it is no monstrosity contemporary is not really sympathetic magnificent irreplaceable trees can me to make it and to draw 24 Ingram Avenue but a commendably thoughtful to its surroundings as an addition be successful. attention to its implications. construction.
    [Show full text]
  • Henrietta Barnett School Hampstead Garden Suburb Case Study Case Study Henrietta Barnett School
    library & learning Henrietta Barnett School Hampstead Garden Suburb Case Study Case Study Henrietta Barnett School Brief Solution The Henrietta Barnett School is a state grammar school for The key to the project was to match the ambition of the girls located in the Hampstead Garden Suburb Conservation refurbishment and historical importance of the school with its Area of North London. The library is situated in the main part educational imperatives, whilst offering high-quality products of the school, a Grade II* listed, early 20th Century building and excellent value for money. Because of this, a highly designed in the Queen Anne style by Sir Edwin Lutyens, and is bespoke solution was required. Julian Glover and Jonathan of heritage significance for its’ historic, architectural and social Hawkins from the FG Library design team worked closely value. with Architect Richard Paynter and a team from the school (including Head Del Cooke and Estates Manager Richard Barker Associates LLP were appointed to manage the Cain) to determine how the desired look could be achieved at refurbishment project, including the remodelling of the internal a realistic cost. Discussions focussed on the evaluation of a areas of the existing library. Alterations were designed to be range of materials, finishes and fabrics, the end objective being sympathetic to and compliment the character of the building the provision of the high quality products and levels of finish and the refurbishment, carried out by construction specialist within the available budget. T&B (Contractors) Ltd, needed to reflect the high quality of teaching and academic achievement at the school.
    [Show full text]
  • Part Four: Victorian and Edwardian Housing
    Part Four: Victorian and Edwardian Housing The period between the accession of Queen Victoria and the start of the First World War encompasses two architectural era’s; Victorian (1837–1901), covering the reign of Queen Victoria; and Edwardian (1901–1914), the latter also covering the first four years of the reign of King George V as well as the reign of King Edward VII. When Victoria became Queen in 1837, the country was still essentially a rural economy, but by 1914, it had become essentially an industrialised nation. A Victorian Terrace as a ’continuation’ of terraced houses from the late Georgian/Regency period. A dwelling from the last decade of the nineteenth century. Edwardian semi-detached houses (the house in the background is from the later inter-war period) As observed earlier in regard to Georgian housing The Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth century and the nineteenth century led to the mass movement of the population from the countryside to those urban centres where manufacturing took place. It created the need for huge numbers of houses to be constructed for workers, managers and employers. The total population roughly doubled between 1801 and 1851. It did so again between1851 and 1911 to approximately 43 million people. Much of the demand for new housing was achieved by speculative development. Landowners and builders often undertook this in a piecemeal fashion and this can be seen today where Victorian streets often follow original field patterns. Housing for workers was rapidly erected as cheaply as possible in streets of small and medium-sized terraced housing, generally of two to four storeys but sometimes five-storey buildings, many being subdivided to house several families.
    [Show full text]