Landmarks Preservation Commission November 22, 2016, Designation List 490 LP-2559
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Landmarks Preservation Commission November 22, 2016, Designation List 490 LP-2559 HOTEL LEXINGTON, 511 Lexington Avenue (aka 509-515 Lexington Avenue; 134-142 East 48th Street), Manhattan. Built, 1928-29; architects, Schultze & Weaver Landmark Site: Borough of Manhattan Tax Map Block 1302, Lot 51 On July 19, 2016 the Landmarks Preservation Commission held a public hearing on the proposed designation as a Landmark of the Hotel Lexington and the proposed designation of the related Landmark Site (Item No. 6). The hearing had been duly advertised in accordance with the provisions of the law. Eight people spoke in support of designation including representatives of Manhattan Borough President Gale Brewer, Manhattan Community Boards 5 and 6, the New York Landmarks Conservancy, the Art Deco Society, the Municipal Art Society and the Historic Districts Council. Two people, the representatives of the owner and the Real Estate Board of New York, spoke in opposition to designation. In addition, the Commission received a letter from Council Member Daniel Garodnick and two e-mails from individuals in support of the designation. Summary The Hotel Lexington (1928-29), at the southeast corner of Lexington Avenue and East 48th Street, is one of the premiere hotels constructed along the noted “hotel alley” stretch of the avenue north of Grand Central Terminal. It was built as part of the redevelopment of this section of East Midtown that followed the opening of Grand Central Terminal and the Lexington Avenue subway line. Constructed after the passage of the 1916 zoning law, the tiered massing of the building represents the early evolution of skyscraper design. The Hotel Lexington is designed in a neo- Romanesque style, complexly massed with ornamented setbacks, clad in limestone, brick, and terra cotta, and features a differentiated base, continuous piers, and a distinguished skyline profile as it rises 27 stories including the pyramidal roofed towers. Leonard Schultze and S. Fullerton Weaver, considered the preeminent American luxury hotel firm of the 1920s and early 1930s were commissioned to design the hotel. Schultze & Weaver, following their designs in the 1920s boom years in Florida, became known for their expertise in modern skyscraper hotels cloaked in traditional historic ornamental styles. The firm designed a number of New York City’s most prestigious hotels, including the Sherry-Netherland (1926-27, with Buchman & Kahn), the Pierre (1929-30) and the Waldorf-Astoria (1929-31). The Lexington was one of the five major hotels, and today is one of only seven extant tall buildings by Schultze & Weaver in Manhattan. According to the New York Times, the Lexington Hotel Corporation, a subsidiary of the American Hotels Corporation, planned this as the largest in the parent firm’s “large chain of first- class hotels” in the United States and Canada. Constructed at $6.5 million dollars by the Turner 1 Construction Company, one of the world’s leading building concerns, the hotel originally housed 801 rooms marketed as “modern luxury” at very moderate rates for out-of-town visitors. The Hotel Lexington has attracted favorable notice from critics and historians since its completion. In 1929-30, the building was published in Architect, American Architect, Architecture & Building, and Architectural Forum, and “The Skyline” column in The New Yorker called it “a romantic addition” to Lexington Avenue. W. Parker Chase, in New York: The Wonder City (1932) called it a “sumptuous hostelry” and stated that the “location is ideal. Building gorgeous.” More recently, the Lexington was one of the 14 hotels featured in the publication Grand Hotels of the Jazz Age: The Architecture of Schultze & Weaver (2005), in conjunction with the exhibition “In Pursuit of Pleasure: Schultze & Weaver and the American Hotel” at the Wolfsonian-Florida International University, which was based on its collection of the firm’s plans, photographs, and documents. The Hotel Lexington was the location of the famous Hawaiian Room (1937-66), featuring Polynesian cuisine and the best in Hawaiian music and dance. In 1984, the base of the building, previously altered, was reconstructed according to a modified version of the original design. DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS The Hotel Lexington is a setback skyscraper with L-shaped footprint, at the southeast corner of Lexington Avenue and East 48th Street. Above a two- to three-story limestone base, the upper façade is executed in red brick decorated with random projecting headers; windows, beginning at the fifth story, have geometrically-patterned brickwork spandrels (traced in limestone at the fifth story). Light courts begin above the second story of the base on both the west and north elevations. The upper stories of the south and east facades are visible from East 47th and 48th Streets and are executed in brick with decoration similar to that on the two main facades. Portions of the east and south facades are unfenestrated, that on the south has two chimneys and is articulated by brick and terra- cotta decoration. The base was reconstructed in the 1980s by the architectural firm of William B. Tabler to approximate its original appearance. The historic recessed entrance on Lexington Avenue has been enclosed and converted into retail space; the decorative elements and sculptural details within the space are extant but are not covered by this designation since this is now an interior. Subsequent repairs have been made to the brick walls, some terra-cotta elements on the upper floors have been replaced with tan brick. Site features include siamese hydrants and raised vents. Lexington Avenue façade: Historic: Base: round-arched central entrance framed by angled piers topped by eagles with shields, windows with engaged columns and blind tympana, sculptural features including rosettes, griffins, two seated human figures and four standing figures representing the seasons; arcaded windows at third story framed by columns with bases in the form of winged lions and capitals with human faces, carved foliate molding and paneled frieze with eagle; flagpole bases with eagle design; two-story wings to the north and south with angled piers with Corinthian capitals supporting engaged columns topped by winged lions, blind tympana and arcaded frieze with rosettes and griffins (the features on the wings may be original based on a comparison of the placement of the piers in early photographs and the commercial cladding in the pre-restoration photographs). Upper stories: brick with random projecting headers; geometrically patterned spandrels; terra-cotta detailing at windows and parapets at setbacks and adjoining walls; round-arched fenestration at the 21st story with terra-cotta spandrels and lintels topped by avian finials; tower with round-arched openings capped by pyramidal roof with stone lantern; stone turrets with pyramidal roofs; mansard roof on south wing; chimney on south Alterations: Base: first story painted; glass-and-metal storefronts at north and south; metal marquees at center and south; black marble piers, metal-and-glass storefront and glass panel in arch above marquee at center entrance; windows flanking central entrance enlarged; historic door openings (per 2 elevation drawings) converted into windows; parapets with coping added to wings, possibly historic eagle mounted at north corner; lights; signage; metal box awnings incorporating illuminated signage in north wing; vertical sign; replacement of stone work with stone or textured stucco as part of the reconstruction; fenestration pattern at second story of wings restored with slight height variation at center window on south; windows replaced; bird deterrent wires. Upper stories: portions of brick repointed or replaced and masonry patched; some terra-cotta replaced with painted brick; sides of tower and turrets resurfaced; windows and roofs replaced, arched transoms at 21st story infilled East 48th Street façade: Historic: Base: angled piers with Corinthian capitals supporting engaged columns topped by winged lions (some are replacements), blind tympana, and arcaded frieze with rosettes and griffins; easternmost bay is brick with round-arched entrance with blind tympana in a keyed, stone enframement and double-arched window with keyed, stone surround with colonnette. Upper stories: brick with random projecting headers; geometrically patterned spandrels; terra-cotta detailing at windows and parapets at setbacks and adjoining walls; windows in eastern light court with stone surrounds at third story and thick stone sills at fourth story; round-arched fenestration at 21st story with terra-cotta spandrels and lintels topped by avian finials; towers with round-arched openings capped by pyramidal roofs, the western one with stone lantern; stone turrets with pyramidal roofs; bays of light courts with mansard roofs; chimney on east Alterations: Base: first story painted; glass-and-metal storefronts; one storefront infilled at first story; metal box awnings incorporating illuminated signage; some windows at first story partially infilled with vents; entrance enlarged to three bays and opened, steps to recessed entrance, angled piers with gilt capitals at first story, angled piers and columns with winged lions at second story; doors replaced; marquee with name in standing letters; metal fence at third story above entrance; parapet with coping atop west wing; ramp; metal box awnings above doors to right and left of center entrance; window with raised sill east of entrance; doors replaced, through-wall