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Ideaexchange@Uakron The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research Mechanical Engineering Department 2-2011 Enabling and Understanding Failure of Engineering Structures Using the Technique of Cohesive Elements H. Jiang Xiaosheng Gao University of Akron, main campus, [email protected] T. S. Srivatsan University of Akron, Main Campus, [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/mechanical_ideas Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Jiang, H.; Gao, Xiaosheng; and Srivatsan, T. S., "Enabling and Understanding Failure of Engineering Structures Using the Technique of Cohesive Elements" (2011). Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research. 910. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/mechanical_ideas/910 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Mechanical Engineering Department at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ISSN No. 2231-3273 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENTDRONACHARYAA Bi-annual Research Journal of COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING GREATER NOIDA, U.P., INDIA Volume 1 Issue 1 February 2011 Dronacharya College of Engineering | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 | February 2011 ISSN No. 2231-3273 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES AND MANAGEMENT All rights reserved:International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Management , takes no responsibility for accuracy of layouts and diagrams. These are schematic or concept plans. Editorial Information: For details please write to the Executive Editor, International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Management, Dronacharya College of Engineering, B-27 Knowledge Park-III, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida (U.P) Telephones: Landline: 0120-2323851, 2323852, 2323854, 2323855 Mobile : 09312247845, 09910380107 Telefax: 0120-2323853 E-mail.: advisor.r&[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Website: www.dronacharya.info College does not take any responsibility about the authenticity and originality. Materials contained in this journal are the views of the authors (Although all submitted manuscripts are reviewed by experts). Dronacharya College of Engineering | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 | February 2011 ISSN No. 2231-3273 ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS (in alphabetical order of surnames) Dr. Harish K Ahuja Lt Gen D P Sehgal Joint Secretary, Dept of Power, Govt of Delhi PVSM, AVSM, VSM (Retd) B-805, Delhi Sachivalaya, IP Estate, 708, Sector 23, Gurgaon 122017. Players' Building, New Delhi 110002. Er. Anuj Sinha Prof. (Dr.) Atmanand Honorary Director Dean, School of Energy Management Vigyan Prasar, DST, Govt of India Dean, Executive Post Graduate Programs A-50, Institutional Area, Sector-62 Professor of Economics & Energy Management Noida – 201 307 (U.P) Management Development Institute (MDI) P.B. 60, Mehrauli Road, Sukhrali, Prof. (Dr.) Raman Menon Unnikrishnan Gurgaon 122002. Dean, College of Engineering & Computer Science Prof. (Dr.) S G Deshmukh California State University Fullerton, Director, Indian Institute of Information Technology CA, USA & Management (IIITM) Morena Link Road, Gwalior 474010 (M.P.) Prof. (Dr.) Vijay Varadharajan Microsoft Chair in Innovation in Computing Dr. (Mrs) Malti Goel Macquaire University, CSIR Emeritus Scientist NSW 2109, Australia Centre for Studies in Science Policy (CSSP) Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi Mr. H P Yadav President, NCR Chamber of Prof. (Dr.) Devdas Kakati Commerce & Industries Former Vice Chancellor, Dibrugarh University MD & CEO, Paltech Cooling Former Professor, IIT Madras Towers & Equipment Former Visiting Professor, B-604, Sushant Lok Phase-I, University of Kuwait Gurgaon 122002. Former Visiting Professor, University of Waterloo, Canada Prof. (Dr.) Surendra S Yadav Phul Kutir, Rehabari, Santi Ram Das Road, Dept. of Management Studies Guwahati 781008 (Assam) I.I.T Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016. Prof. (Dr.) Pradeep K Khosla Phillip and Marsha Dowd Professor Prof. (Dr.) Prasad K D V Yarlagadda Dean, Carnegie Institute of Technology Director, Smart Systems Head, Dept. of Electrical Research Theme & Computer Engineering Queensland University Carnegie Mellon University, USA of Technology South Brisbane Area Mr. J K Mehta Australia Regional Manager, South Asia, World Energy Council Scope Complex, Core 6, 7th Floor, 7 Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 11003. Dronacharya College of Engineering | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 | February 2011 ISSN No. 2231-3273 FROM THE DESK OF EXECUTIVE EDITOR Dear Readers, We, at Dronacharya College of Engineering, Greater Noida, are highly excited to release the first issue of bi-annual Research Journal “International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Management”. We hope that you will benefit while going through the research papers contributed for journal by the authors from India and abroad. We, at our College, use innovative instructional tools and strategies to catalyze excellence in teaching and research in engineering, science and humanities. Our aim is to transform raw students to graduates who are not only sought after by the reputed employers, they also contribute their role in the development of our society. Our College presents a commendable confluence of traditional and contemporary culture. My heartfelt thanks to “Advisory” and “Editorial” Boards comprising of eminent persons in their respective areas for their guidance and support. I also thank our Management and Principal of our College for their support in the launching of Journal. I want to mention that it would not have been possible to bring out excellence of the Journal without the contribution of eminent authors from India and abroad. We were highly pleased to receive a large number of quality research papers for the very first issue of our Journal. It was a difficult task for the Reviewers and the honorable members of the 'Editorial Board' to review the shortlist and accept papers for this issue. Our deepest gratitude goes to all those authors and further, we request and wish similar cooperation and contribution for the subsequent issues of Journal. Wishing you a very exciting and thought-stimulating reading. Sincerely, Prof. (Dr.) Jai Paul Dudeja Executive Editor February 2011 Dronacharya College of Engineering | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 | February 2011 ISSN No. 2231-3273 CONTENTS 1 Enabling and understanding failure of engineering structures using the technique of cohesive elements H. Jiang, X. Gao and T.S. Srivatsan An integrated approach to software reliability allocation 15 Vibhash Yadav and Dr. Raghuraj Singh Mobile Ad hoc networks: challenges, applications and their routing protocols 20 Dr. Rahul Rishi, Kevika Singla and Ajit Singh Market potential of agri-products an analysis of rural markets 26 Prof. S.K. Singh, Dr. Abhijeet Singh and Dr. Vibha Singh 33 Brand promotion in rural markets of India Prof. D.S. Chundawat, Prof. S.C. Sharma and Urvashi Sisodia A study of radiation during arc welding using flux cored wires 38 LI Zhiyong, T.S. Srivatsan, Yan Xiaocheng, Guo Yong and Wang Yao 50 Fiber laser machining of 10% volume Al-AlO2 composite material Arindam Ghosal, Dr. Alokesh Manna and Dr. Arun K. Lall 57 Backscattering Lidar system description and data processing S. Veerabuthiran, M.K. Jindal and A.K. Razdan Detection of electrolytically active elementsin ocimum sanctum L . (Tulsi) using LIBS 66 Devendra Kumar Chauhan, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Ashok Kumar Pathak, Shikha Rai And Awadhesh Kumar Rai Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor and network 71 Malay Ranjan Tripathy, Sonam Sharma, Kunal Gaur and Vijay Athavale Era of energy harnessing: µ-energy scavengers using Microsystems (MEMS) technology 75 Tanuj Chauhan, Chayanika Das Bhagabati and Vinod Kumar 80 Comet, the reverse ajax mechanism R.Hema Sub-research on stegnaography in IPv6 process towards intruders protocol 89 Vishal Bharti, Kevika Singla and Neha Pandita Secure socket layer by Shen scheme – a powerful and process in data mining 94 Neelam Ruhil and Rajesh Kumar 98 Study of transport layer protocols for wireless ad hoc network Praveen Dalal and Dr. Jitender Kumar Being optimistic and behaving optimistically 102 Pankaj Tiwari Ethics of international business moving beyond legalism 115 Prof. (Dr.) Satish C. Sharma and Meghashree Agarwal 120 Guidelines for Authors Dronacharya College of Engineering | Vol. 1 | Issue 1 | February 2011 ISSN No. 2231-3273 ENABLING & UNDERSTANDING FAILURE OF ENGINEERING STRUCTURES USING THE TECHNIQUE OF COHESIVE ELEMENTS H. Jiang, X. Gao, and T. S. Srivatsan e-mail: [email protected] Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron,Akron, Ohio 44325 ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe a cohesive zone model for the prediction of failure of engineering solids and/or structures. A damage evolution law is incorporated into a three-dimensional, exponential cohesive law to account for material degradation under the influence of cyclic loading. This cohesive zone model is implemented in the finite element softwareABAQUS through a user defined subroutine. The irreversibility of the cohesive zone model is first verified and subsequently applied for studying cyclic crack growth in specimens experiencing
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