Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex
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Trans.Inst.Indian Geographers ISSN 0970-9851 Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex Sheetal Sharma and Anjan Sen, Delhi Abstract Central National Capital Region/Central NCR is one of the four policy zones of National Capital Region (NCR) as per its Regional Plan 2021. Central NCR is an ‘inter-state functional region’ pivoted upon the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT of Delhi), and is successor to the Delhi Metropolitan Area (DMA). It comprises six urban complexes or zones, four in Haryana (Sonipat-Kundli, Bahadurgarh, Gurgaon-Manesar, and Faridabad- Ballabhgarh) and two in Uttar Pradesh (NOIDA and Ghaziabad-Loni). The study presents the levels of development in terms of urban influence on settlements, and functional hierarchy of settlements, in the Gurgaon-Manesar urban complex of Central NCR. The present study is a micro-level study, where all 120 settlements (both urban and rural) comprising Gurgaon- Manesar urban complex of Central NCR, form part of the study. The study is based upon secondary data sources, available from Census of India; at settlement level (both town and village) for the decennial years 1981, 1991 and 2001. The paper determines the level of urban influence and functional hierarchy in each settlement, at these three points of time, and analyses the changes occurring among them. The study reveals the occurrence of intra- regional differentials in demographic characteristics and infrastructural facilities. The study also emphasis on issues of development in rural settlements and growth centers, in the emerging urban complex within Central NCR. The work evaluates the role of Haryana Urban Development Authority in the current planning processes of development and formulates suitable indicators for development. Introduction two plans, Regional Plan 2001 in January As urban population is increasingly getting 1989, which proposed development of six concentrated in the millennium cities Central NCR Towns: Ghaziabad-Loni and (according to National Capital Region NOIDA in Uttar Pradesh; and Faridabad, Planning Board). NCT of Delhi has been Gurgaon, Bahadurgarh and Sonipat-Kundli experiencing phenomenal growth of in Haryana. In the continuation of first plan, population during the 1951 to 2001 at a second Regional Plan 2021 was formulated rate of 50 per cent and it has been receiving in 2005 comprising four development zones: population through migrants from five NCT of Delhi; Central National Capital major States: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Region; Urban Corridors; and Rest of NCR. Rajasthan and Punjab. NCR Planning Board Central NCR comprises six contiguous urban delineated the National Capital Region/NCR complexes: Sonipat-Kundli in Sonipat, to prepare long-term plans. It has formulated Bahadurgarh in Jhajjar, Gurgaon-Manesar in Gurgaon, Faridabad-Ballabhgarh in Gram that is village of spiritual leader. The Faridabad district in Haryana; and NOIDA traditional account is that Yudhishtira, the in Gautam Buddha Nagar, and Ghaziabad- eldest of the Pandavas, gave this village to Loni in Ghaziabad district in Uttar Pradesh. his guru Dronacharya, in whose memory a The Plan aims at promoting growth and tank still exists on the west side of the road balanced development with population to the railway station. Gurgaon district is one re-distribution, population size, urban of the southern districts of Haryana State and land use patterns, economic activities and named after its headquarters town Gurgaon. infrastructural facilities, etc. Both the Plans The city is at a distance of 32 kilometers were formulated to achieve the harmonious from NCT of Delhi on Delhi-Jaipur highway growth and development by decentralization (National Highway-8) and Delhi-Bikaner of the economic activities and dispersal railway. It lies between 28053’ north of of services. In the plan 2001 Gurgaon- latitude and 75035’ east longitude. It is Manesar urban complex was known as known as automobile industries, modern a Delhi Metropolitan Area/DMA town commercial malls, towers of cyber parks, which was demarcated by NCR Planning and software development and situated NH-8 Board while Central NCR concept has been only at a distance of 4 kilometers from the emerged from the Plan 2021. It has a great Indira-Gandhi International Air Port is well connectivity by National Highway-8, Delhi linked with all capitals of the world through to Jaipur which passes through Gurgaon- airways. The name of the town emerged in Manesar. The present study deals with the 1972 when world fame Maruti industry was existence of intra-regional differences in set up in Gurgaon with the collaboration level of infrastructural facilities, role of of Suzuki Company of Japan. It has over a Haryana Urban Development Authority/ period acquired the image of an industrial HUDA in the current planning processes town and assumed significance in view of and formulates suitable indicators for its location within NCR and close proximity development. of NCT of Delhi. Over the last twenty years, the city has attained cosmopolitan outlook Objectives with the development of posh residential 1. To evaluate role of HUDA in the current colonies, multiplexes, shopping malls and planning processes of development; and entry of large number of multinational companies involved in IT and BPO’s 2. To formulate suitable indicators to industries. Industrial activity here is well measure urban influence and functional planned and other surrounding residential hierarchy; sectors being developed by HUDA as well as by the private colonizers have remained The Study Area pollution free. The district has sub-tropical The principal focus of the work is to identify continental monsoon climate. The rainfall the development pattern in Gurgaon- is comparatively satisfactory in relation to Manesar urban complex. It comprises 120 western parts of Haryana where it is mainly settlements, of which 5 are urban and 115 are concentrated during monsoon. Hot summer, rural units. Gurgaon is a corruption of Guru cool winter and unreliable rainfall are the 134 | Transactions | Vol. 37, No. 1, 2015 peculiarity of the district, which is close to medium soils particularly light loams Rajasthan State. Gurgaon is a rolling plain (Seoti) and loam (Bhangar and Nardak), dominated by the extensions of Aravallis. coarse loam (Dahar and Choeknote) and These rocks are one of the oldest mountain rocky surfaces. Underground water level is systems of the world. The district has light relatively high in the district. Water level soils particularly the relatively sandy loam, under their rocky surface is quite deep. Map 1: Location of Study Area: Gurgaon-Manesar Urban Complex Transactions | Vol. 37, No. 1, 2015 | 135 Data Sources and Research Methodology infrastructural facilities and amenities; urban Few methodological steps are followed influence on settlements and functional during the work: Delineation of the Study hierarchy of settlements. Data Sources: it Area: to delineate the area, 2001 census is a spatio-temporal study and relevant data village boundaries are considered for the for all 120 settlements has been collected base map. To collect and evaluate the through district census handbooks of ground realities some relevant information, Guraon for the period of 1981 to 2001 (for informal discussions with the Sarpanch some indicators 1971 to 2001). Information and villagers were also organized in associated with the levels of development groups to understand their perception of in the complex is collected from the development. Identification of Indicators NCR Planning Board report 2005 and and Variables: total 20 indicators are framed Town and Country Planning Board repot and computation of data has been made at 2007. Analysis of Data: collected data has four categories: land under non-agricultural been tabulated and processed under four uses; population and its characteristics; categories: land under non-agricultural Figure 1: Indicators: To fulfill the objectives total twenty indicators are selected. Source: Computed by the authors. 136 | Transactions | Vol. 37, No. 1, 2015 uses; demographic profile; infrastructural push factors have significantly changed facilities; urban influence on settlements and the socio-economic values of landowners. functional hierarchy of settlements. In order Displacing primary activities, the land to formulate a composite index Location uses are shifting from agricultural to non- Quotient / LQ technique is used and average agricultural activities. The urban settlements values are represented. Urban Influence on at the centre acting as a core are attracting settlements: CI = ∑LQ/ N (where, ∑LQ is secondary and tertiary activities from sum of all Location Quotient; and N is total surrounding peripheral settlements resulting number of indicators). Functional Hierarchy in changes in economic activities. The of settlements: CI = ∑WF/N (where, ∑ WF principal government stakeholders are is sum of Weighted Functions; and N is playing important role in this development total number of indicators). Representation process such as, Town and Country Planning and interpretation of Data: AutoCAD and Departments, Industrial Development Arc View GIS software are used to prepare Corporations, and Housing Boards of maps (choropleth technique). Results have Haryana and housing sectors. The NCR been represented with the help of simple Planning Board, Town and Country statistical methods (mean, percentage) and Planning Organization, and District planning results have been interpreted. authorities have identified 17 major land