INVENERGY 171

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY1

Edward Pimentel, Pimentel Consulting, Inc.

June 2016

Invenergy Thermal Development, LLC (hereafter “Invenergy”) has retained my professional land use planning and zoning consulting services, in order to evaluate and render an opinion regarding the appropriateness of constructing and operating the proposed Clear River Energy Center combined-cycle approximately 850 - 1,000 megawatts electric generating facility (hereinafter “CREC”) in light of the regulatory review standards established by the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations Energy Facility Siting Board (hereinafter “RI EFSB”). In light of the specified regulatory charge, I have conducted a thorough analysis of the following

1. The proposed development, including associated production plan(s) and map(s); 2. The RI EFSB Application prepared by ESS Group, Inc. (hereinafter “Invenergy Application”), including referenced reports; 3. The following state and local regulatory documents: Town of Burrillville Comprehensive Plan 5-Year Update - Update Adopted 14 December 2011 (hereinafter “Comprehensive Plan”); Town of Burrillville Zoning Ordinance (hereinafter “Ordinance”); State Guide Plan Element Energy 2035 - Rhode Island State Energy Plan (hereafter “State Energy Plan”); and RI Comprehensive Planning Standards Guidance Handbook Series - Guidance Handbook No. 9 - Planning for Energy - Approved 14 January 2016 (hereinafter “Energy Guidance Handbook”); 4. Materials submitted by Invenergy to the Town of Burrillville Planning Board; and 5. The subject development site and immediate neighborhood.

The purpose for the subject report is to evaluate and render a professional opinion on the “consistency” of the proposed development with the applicable siting guideline goals and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan and Ordinance and to evaluate neighborhood land use.

After reviewing all the relevant information and documents, it is the professional opinion of this land use consultant that CREC will be consistent with the relevant siting guideline goals and objectives in the Comprehensive Plan and Ordinance as discussed more thoroughly below.

I. SUMMARY OF CREC PROPOSAL

The proposed CREC development will be in proximity to the Spectra / Algonquin operation, having direct access to Wallum Lake Road. Although CREC will own in excess of 67-acres, less than one-half or approximately 29.44-acres will be dedicated to the operation proper. The operation will be aligned along the rear (westerly) portion of the property, thereby maintaining in excess of 37.6-acres in a naturally vegetated state consisting of approximately 26 acres, and a cleared portion in the center that consists of approximately 9 acres that will be used for parking and equipment laydown. The site will have a naturally vegetated frontage which will provide screening from the residences situated along Wallum Lake Road. The operation proper will be situated in excess of one-third of a mile (1,900-feet) from the nearest residences off of Wallum Lake Road and almost four-tenths of a mile (2,100-feet) from the residences on Jackson School

1 This document, titled “Executive Summary,” is a summary of the relevant findings. A full report will be supplemented.

House Road. Finally, the operation will be well in excess of one-half mile from the residences to the west.

II. STATE ENERGY PLAN State Energy Plan Directional Objectives

Security: • Adequacy. “Plan to meet overall energy supply needs.” • Safety. “Increase the safety of energy conversion and use.” • Reliability. “Increase the system’s ability to withstand disturbances.” • Resiliency. “Increase the system’s ability to rebound from disturbances.”

Cost-Effectiveness: • Affordability. “Lower overall energy bills.” • Stability. “Reduce the impacts of energy price volatility on consumers.” • Economic Growth. “Grow and maintain a healthy state economy.” • Employment. “Increase employment.”

Sustainability • Climate. “Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy consumption.” • Air Quality. “Reduce criteria pollution from energy consumption.” • Water Use & Quality. “Reduce the water impacts of energy consumption.” • Land and Habitat. “Reduce the impacts of energy projects on ecosystems.”

Invenergy conducted a comprehensive assessment of renewable options as both required and evidenced in the submitted application to the EFSB. Renewable sources such as solar and wind do not present a feasible source because the State of Rhode Island is a poor locale to accommodate systems on the requisite magnitude. Given the anticipated production shortages and charge by ISO to realize replacement sources that are capable of generating cleaner and more cost efficient energy, a comprehensive approach necessitates the usage of gas in generating electricity. The subject proposal, besides meeting the specific energy needs outlined by the ISO, will also satisfy, and in most instances, exceed both state and local regulatory standards and performance measures.

The Town of Burrillville (“Town”) has been well ahead of the state energy mandates due to its long experience with energy production and associated facilities. The Town has therefore already deemed ”Electric Generating Facilities” appropriately permissible land uses by allowing their introduction via the granting of a special use permit in the F-5 District where the CREC is proposed to be located. A land use permitted by special use permit, in accordance with state and case law, is a conditionally permitted land use. In other words, a land use that is permissible subject to reasonable conditions of approval, if necessary. This determination results from the Town’s understanding of the importance of energy production as it pertains to economic development and provision of affordable energy.

In addition to acknowledging the presence and importance of energy production, the Town likewise imparts the necessity of properly siting such facilities. Siting guidelines are generally outlined in the Comprehensive Plan - Section IX ”Land Use Goals, Policies and Implementation Actions.”

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III. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN CONSISTENCY ANALYSIS

The Comprehensive Plan provides a broad-based outline for siting energy facilities, crafting both the manner in which they will be regulated and detailing those features that necessitate scrutiny. The guidelines in question are individually addressed below by means of a combination of the express support documented within the Comprehensive Plan and the individual studies / assessments prepared by Invenergy’s experts.

Policy IX.5.a “Develop adequate location and siting criteria within the Town's land use policies for power generating plants. These criteria shall be used to negotiate with power plant developers and State Energy Facility Siting Council.” [Page IX-27]

Implementation Action IX.5.a.1 “Amend the Zoning Ordinance to adequately address power generating plants, including consideration of a floating zone, performance standards, and site plan review.”

The Town carefully considered the presence and potential future introduction of “Electric Generating Facilities” and amended the Ordinance to expressly permit them by special use permit within the F-5 District, deeming them “conditionally” permissible land uses. It must be emphasized that the Town could have concluded otherwise, either deeming such land uses prohibited or imposing additional express standards of review within the Ordinance. Standards of review are therefore entirely regulated by the goals and objectives outlined in the Comprehensive Plan. The conducted Comprehensive Plan Citizens Survey reinforces present regulatory applications. The zoning standards reflect the needs of the community and should therefore be enforced as adopted - reemphasizing the Town’s recognition and importance of ‘Electric Generating Facilities’.

A. Air Quality

Goal II.6 “To ensure that air quality in the Town meets national ambient air quality standards and maintain air quality levels in the Town higher than these standards.” Policy II.6.a “Encourage measures which reduce air pollution levels.”

Implementation Action II.6.a.2 “Require that all new commercial and industrial developments meet or exceed national clean air standards.”

An air quality impact analysis has been prepared to determine what, if any, potential off-site emission impacts may result from the CREC operation. The completed Air Dispersion Modeling Report, prepared by ESS Group, Inc., dated October 30, 2015, has clearly concluded that air emissions will be entirely regulatory compliant. From a planning perspective, air quality, as regulated by both federal and state agencies, is based on regional, rather than very localized, standards, because air knows no boundaries. There are no obstructions to air flow or quality - air traverses both municipal as well as state jurisdictional boundaries. Therefore, when evidencing that emissions are well below established health guidelines, this is not merely introducing technical data, but providing actual scientific assurance that the public health, safety and welfare has been carefully considered. Consideration must also be given to the numerous

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coal- and oil-fired generators that presently represent approximately 28% capacity of the overall region. Per the Invenergy Application, were the emissions associated with said plants, in conjunction with all other operating resources, sampled over a period of time, the results would evidence a distinctive difference in localized air quality. The Town recognizes the impact of air quality across jurisdictional boundaries, as evidenced by Natural and Cultural Resource Implementation Action II.6.a.3 of the Comprehensive Plan.

Implementation Action II.6.a.3 “Lobby adjacent communities to quickly address potential air quality problems within their boundaries.”

The much cleaner and more efficient CREC operation will factor in the decommissioning and elimination of these aged plants that rely on sources of fuel that are far less clean than natural gas. Therefore, based on Invenergy’s Application and the Air Dispersion Modeling Report, it can be scientifically proven that approval of the referenced proposal will result in improved air emissions compliant with current regulations.

B. Groundwater Resources

Goal II.2 Natural Resource Issues - “The following issues relating to natural resources have been identified through the planning process, and are the focus of the goals, policies and recommendations of this element.” [Page II-22]

CREC uses far less water than present power plants, upwards of 90% less water consumption. Water is proposed to be provided via a dedicated line from Well No. 3A, which was contaminated several years ago, and therefore deactivated.

Comprehensive Plan - Supply Source(s)

“The need for this permanent interconnection was due to a contamination event that occurred within the District’s system in late summer of 2001 that directly impacted the District’s primary supply wells number 3 and 3A…. Due however to the incidence of groundwater contamination of the aquifer in which these three wells are located any such efforts to reactivate these wells is on hold for an indefinite time period. It is likely that any efforts for well reactivation will be dependent upon remediation efforts within the aquifer that are ongoing by State regulatory agencies.” [Pages III-17 - III-18]

The present proposal is to introduce an activated carbon treatment system to improve the water quality for industrial operational purposes. Invenergy proposes to purify the water extracted from Well No. 3A, eventually realizing residential drinking standards. This is a considerably positive by-product of the proposed development that could never have been anticipated, a consideration that all reviewing agencies must take into account in their advisory role. Present water supply demand has been negatively impacted by the deactivation of the referenced well(s); as such, future need may necessitate their reactivation - expense being the limiting factor.

Goal II.3 To ensure that current and future development does not adversely affect . . . environmentally sensitive areas are protected, especially water supply and quality. [Pg II-45]

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Used water will be directed to the Burrillville Waste Water Treatment Facility (hereinafter “WWTF”). It is anticipated that greater than fifty-percent of the water withdrawn from the groundwater will be returned via the WWTF. Therefore, in order to assure the community that there will be no impact on groundwater supply - resulting in depletion for future land uses - a conservative peak approach was applied, resulting in the conclusion that there is more than sufficient water supply.

C. Visual

Comprehensive Plan [Pages II-19 - II-21] “Too often, concern for the visual environment has been dismissed as being a nonessential appurtenance to land use decision-making. Such an attitude is both archaic and unresponsive to public need. This fact is clearly demonstrated by citizen outcry against development projects that fail to fit into the character of the Burrillville landscape. The citizen survey indicated that the characteristics of Burrillville which people liked best were visual qualities: its small town character and natural beauty.”

“Protection of these visually important spaces may be achieved through a variety of techniques, including:”

o “Revise zoning and subdivision regulations to include scenic criteria and design guidelines such as the following:”

- “Structures should not be placed in open fields.”

- “Buildings should be located adjacent to tree lines and wooded field edges so as to blend with the natural landscape.”

- “Existing farm and logging roads should be incorporated into subdivision design, linkages to open spaces, etc.”

- “Naturally vegetated areas between the new buildings and roads should be preserved and their alteration restricted.”

- “Building setback lines should be located to encourage development in the most suitable areas for development.”

Visual

o “Replacement of existing vegetation with development can destroy the natural rural character and spatial definition of Burrillville.”

o “Excessive scale, mass and glaring color of structures, or vegetational clearing and infrastructure construction that does not conform to the form and contour of the terrain can have a substantial negative impact upon the visual character of Burrillville.”

There are extensive surrounding land resources that serve as permanent buffers, due to their current ownership and long-term, non-residential usage. The State of Rhode Island owns two

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(2) such distinct parcels that immediately abut and surround AGT property to both the southwest and entire south. The referenced property is the “Casimir-Pulaski Memorial State Forest” and occupies in excess of 2,905-acres. Furthermore, the Narragansett Electric Company owns two (2) parcels to the immediate southeast of AGT property, occupying in excess of 37-acres.

Another pertinent factor is proximity to residential land resources, whether improved or unimproved. The Spectra operation is situated approximately one-third of a mile (or 1,800-feet) from the nearest residences lining both sides of Wallum Lake Road to the east. The nearest residences to the west along Doe Crossing Drive are upwards of two-thirds of a mile (or 3,400- feet) distance. Distance and vast vegetative growth, even when disturbed by introduction of man-made features such as Algonquin Lane, provide abundant screening. This is evidenced by the following photograph illustrating the residential view due west down Algonquin Lane.

Invenergy has heeded each and every one of the design objectives outlined for averting or at least, minimizing visual intrusion. The proposed operation will be situated such that it aligns itself with the rear property boundary, maintaining greater than one-half the property in a naturally vegetated state. The referenced portion will be sandwiched between the operation and Wallum Lake Road to the east, thereby screening the plant from the closest pocket of residential dwellings. The proposed operation will be situated upwards of two-thirds of a mile (3,600-feet) from the residences off of Buck Hill Road to the north and residences along Doe Hill Road to the west. Given the vast land resources associated with the Casimir-Pulaski Memorial State Forest to the south, there are no associated visual concerns.

The plant itself mirrors the adjacent Spectra / Algonquin Compressor Station operation in regard to overall height and massing, and therefore has limited visibility. Once again, this can be substantiated by the following photograph taken from the perspective of the nearest residence looking due west, down Algonquin Lane. The Spectra / Algonquin Compressor Station operation is not even remotely visible.

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The component of the operation that will be most visible, and therefore, requires the greatest scrutiny are the accessory facility stacks that will be 200-feet in height. Although they cannot be rendered invisible, their sleek flag-like stature are readily merged and lost into their respective backgrounds. Therefore, the stacks will likewise be non-intrusive. Given the vast distances and excessive mature vegetative growth, the facility is rendered almost invisible, as evidenced by the photographic simulations submitted by ESS Group, Inc.

D. Noise

Outside of concern for impact on the ambient air quality and visual serenity, is concern regarding potential noise disturbances, both during construction and on-going with the operation. The Town’s regulatory noise level standard at the respective residential property boundaries is 43 decibels. The applicant has perhaps expended more time and effort in satisfying this requirement - sole exception being provision of the cleanest possible energy source using a fossil fuel. Compliance has resulted from both researching and pursuing the most noise reducing mechanical components to encapsulating (sound-proofing) vast portions of the overall system. See “Noise Level Evaluation for the CREC,” dated October 2015; “Transient Operation Noise Level Evaluation for the CREC,” dated March 2016. A mandatory maximum 43-decibel level will be achieved during standard CREC operation.

E. Economic Development

Existing Economic Development - “The following types of economic development currently exist in Burrillville:” [Page VII-9]

“Large private utilities, including gas and electric companies and associated dis- tribution and transmission lines.”

Economic Development Strengths - “Burrillville has certain characteristics which should be considered advantages in promoting economic development, among others, as follows:” [Pages VII-17 - VII-18]

o “Presence of large utility companies, and electric, and associated distribution and transmission lines.”

VII.3 Goals, Policies and Implementation Actions

VII.1 “To broaden the sources of Town revenue through development in the industrial and commercial sectors in order to ensure a sound financial future and assist in funding the achievement of Town goals.” [Page VII-26]

VII.1.a “Maintain industrial and commercial sector growth at a rate adequate to support the Town's population in a manner consistent with the Town's labor characteristics, land capabilities and environmental objectives.”

The proposed CREC will have profound impact on the State and Local Economies - resulting in both direct and indirect benefits. Direct benefits include major reduction in energy production thereby realizing the following:

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ESS Group Application [Page 22] - “From 2019 - 2022, cumulative savings to the Rhode Island customer are projected to be greater than $280 million, or approximately $70m annually.”

Further direct benefits include the numerous jobs to be created during construction, and to a lesser degree, on-going operational employment. Indirect benefits include the long-term on- going energy cost savings that are passed onto both residential and commercial consumers. These savings, in part, are then expended within the general economy. Additional indirect benefits include what is known as the multiplier effect - for example, establishing “...Indirect jobs include the jobs created to provide the materials, goods, and services paid for with the wages from the direct jobs.” [Invenergy Application - Page 22]

The referenced analysis not only evidences Comprehensive Plan consistency, but substantiates the need for both business retention and expansion, given the vast limited industrial and commercial land resources and heavy reliance on a residential tax base.

IV. CONCLUSION

The Town not only acknowledges the importance of the energy industry, but details the guidelines by which they can be sited and supported. This report has carefully reviewed and addressed each and every applicable Comprehensive Plan Goal and Objective and relevant sections of the Ordinance, noting how they in fact support the proposed development. It is therefore the professional opinion of this land use consultant that the proposed CREC development will meet, and in most instances, exceed all regulatory standards. It will also realize improvements that presently appear insurmountable, such as the remediation of contaminated Well No. 3A.

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CRAIG WOOD Principal Ecologist

Experience Qualifications ESS Group, Inc.: 2014 to Mr. Wood has over 27 years of experience and is a recognized expert in present the area of freshwater and coastal wetlands. He has conducted and Years of Prior Related managed ecological investigations, NEPA compliance documentation, as Experience: 26 well as other state and local environmental permitting for both public and Education private sector clients throughout New England. Much of this experience BS, Natural Resource has required coordination of interdisciplinary efforts to identify Conservation, University of Connecticut, 1983 environmentally sensitive planning and engineering approaches to achieve project objectives. He is very knowledgeable in the fields of coastal and MS, Natural Resource Science, University of inland wetland ecology, vernal pool ecology, wetland delineation, functional Rhode Island, 1986 assessment and habitat restoration design including restoration of tidal flows, invasive species management, fish passage, and stream Professional Registrations/Training restoration). Mr. Wood is a regular speaker at professional association Professional Wetland meetings and has published many articles involving habitat restoration Scientist #800 policy, design and techniques. NH Certified Wetland Representative Project Experience Scientist #109 RI Certified Coastal Habitat Restoration Invasives Manager #215 ESS US Forest Service Stream Simulation Methodology for NOAA Restoration Center – Round Hill Restoration Project, Designing Aquatic Dartmouth MA. Previously served as Project Manager for baseline Organism passage at investigations regarding hazardous materials, soils, wetlands and wildlife Road-Stream crossings habitat and preliminary wetland restoration design. Currently serving in a NE Corps of Engineers Quality Assurance role for design and permitting. Approximately 15 acres Regional Supplement to of former tidal wetlands were filled with upland soils trucked in from farms Wetland Delineation in the area, and supplemented with soils dredged from the bay, nearby. Manual Training The areas of uplands and freshwater wetlands within the Restoration Site, Affiliations were once back barrier coastal tidal marsh associated with a beach and Society of Wetland dune system, a fragment of which is still present today. The design Scientists involved an assessment of the existing breach in the barrier beach and the Society for Ecological removal of fill to restore former coastal habitats. Restoration

New Hampshire Association of Natural Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, Resource Scientists Flowering Pond Dredge Project – Newburyport, MA. Provided Quality Association of Control and wetland restoration design for applications to the City of Massachusetts Wetland Newburyport, and US Army Corps of Engineers for the proposed dredging Scientists of Flowering Pond in Maudslay State Park. The goal of the dredge project New England Estuarine was to restore historical open water habitats in the pond by removing Research Society excess sediment that had accumulated in the pond over several decades. Narrow River Preservation Association-Board of Directors Friends of Herring River – High Toss Road Flow Improvements and Restore America’s Public Access: Alternatives Analysis and Permit-Level Design Plans, Estuaries-Conference Wellfleet, MA. ESS is developing and evaluating options for improving Organizing Committee tidal flow through the High Toss Road crossing of the floodplain while also University of Rhode Island maintaining public access when natural tidal flow is restored to the Herring Watershed Watch-River River marsh system. As Project Manager, responsible for overall Monitor

Craig Wood Page 2 of 17 management of project deliverables as well as regulatory specialist for the preparation of permit-level design plans. Friends of Herring River – Herring River Restoration Project Development of Regional Impact (DRI) Application. Serving as Project Manager for preparation of DRI application to the Cape Cod Commission (CCC). The Herring River Restoration Project meets the threshold for DRI review by the CCC because it requires an EIR under MEPA. The Project will be proposed as a Project of Community Benefit under the CCC Enabling Regulations, Section 9, Hardship Exemptions. Under this section, the CCC may waive or modify application of one or more of the Minimum Performance Standards of the Regional Policy Plan where full compliance with the Minimum Performance Standards would constitute a hardship by diminishing the community benefit conferred by the Project. Friends of Herring River – Chequessett Yacht and Country Club Reconfiguration Planning and Preliminary Design, Wellfleet MA. Working with a golf course design team, ESS advanced the current nine-hole course reconfiguration to prevent flooding parts of the course when tidal flow returns to the Herring River System. The effort included updates to the course layout and grading, an evaluation of haul route alternatives, irrigation planning, an assessment of construction measures to benefit golf course re- opening/timing, and a statement of probable construction cost. Other NOAA Restoration Center – Marsh Island Restoration Project, Fairhaven, MA. Served as Project Manager to develop restoration plans, permitting and construction documents for the Marsh Island Habitat Restoration Project. Marsh Island is a 22-acre peninsula located at the junction of the Acushnet River and New Bedford Harbor in Fairhaven, Massachusetts. At one time, the majority of the island was a salt marsh. The placement of dredged material in the late 1930’s and early 1950’s resulted in the filling of the majority of the island. This project will restore as much salt marsh and fish nursery habitat on the island as feasible by removing the dredged material and re-establishing intertidal elevations. NOAA Restoration Center – West Island Beach Fairhaven, MA. Project Manager for the design and permitting of a culvert replacement associated with the restoration of this 8-acre salt marsh located in the southeast tip of West Island. An existing tidal restriction impedes tidal flushing leading to water quality issues and the growth of invasive species. A culvert replacement configuration was selected by the project partners and regulatory agencies based upon abutter concerns for flooding of adjacent properties and the ability of the proposed culvert to increase tidal flushing to the up-gradient salt marsh. A design report, permit applications, construction specifications, construction cost estimate, and oversight during construction were provided. NOAA Restoration Center – Nonquitt Salt Marsh Restoration Project, Dartmouth, MA. In association with the URI Department of Natural Resources Science, Mr. Wood served as Project Manager to evaluate options to address potential nuisance odor concerns raised by residents of the private Nonquitt community that may be derived from tidal restoration. The concern specifically relates to release of excess hydrogen sulfide (H2S) that contribute to nuisance odors. This report provides a summary of existing published literature on mineral cycling (Fe, S) and organic matter reduction in marshes and potential measures to control nuisance marsh odors. As an additional component of the odor management plan, a monitoring protocol to evaluate potential nuisance odors in the Nonquitt community based on existing standards for outdoor nuisance odor thresholds was developed. . Coalition for Buzzards Bay – Acushnet Sawmill Restoration Site, Acushnet MA. The project site consists of two parcels bordering Mill Pond on the Acushnet River and recently acquired by the Coalition for Buzzards Bay with assistance from the New Bedford Harbor Trustees Council. Much of the parcel is highly disturbed including several buildings and impervious areas for parking. As Project Manager, Mr. Wood was responsible for a habitat restoration feasibility study and master plan for the site that focuses

Craig Wood Page 3 of 17 on the restoration of riparian, wetland and upland habitat. A secondary goal is providing public access and education opportunities to inform the public with the historical and ecological importance of the site, as well as the benefits of ecological restoration and green technologies. Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve – Stream Restoration Master Plan and Design, Falmouth and Mashpee, MA. Six coastal plain tributary streams to Waquoit Bay have been degraded to some degree by past and ongoing human impacts, including dams, cranberry bogs, erosion and sedimentation, and/or undersized culverts and bridges. Mr. Wood is serving as Project Manager for the development of a Habitat Restoration Master Plan for the Waquoit Bay watershed that identifies, ranks, and provides basic budgets for a range of potential projects involving freshwater and diadromous fisheries and habitat restoration. Another component of this work includes survey information, drawings, and cost estimates for the highest priority projects. National Park Service – Herring River Tidal Restoration Plan & Environmental Impact Statement, Cape Cod, MA. Served as lead restoration ecologist for the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement analyzing the impacts of restoring approximately 1,100 acres of salt marsh located within the Cape Cod National Seashore and the Towns of Wellfleet and Truro, Massachusetts. Restricted tidal flow and marsh subsidence due to 100 years of diking have severely degraded the aquatic/marsh habitat, resulting in a system dominated by freshwater wetland vegetation and upland shrubs, as well as fish kills and shellfish bed closures. Along with NEPA, the project is conducting a coordinated review under the Massachusetts Environmental Policy Act (MEPA) and Development of Regional Impact (DRI) review under the Cape Cod Commission, a regional planning authority. Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration & Cape Cod Conservation District – Parkers River Restoration Project, Yarmouth, MA. Served as Lead Ecologist in the preparation of a low- property mitigation plan for the documented low-lying properties associated with the project area. The Parkers River Estuary has been identified by the Cape Cod Water Resources Restoration Project as a site for restoration to address an existing tidal restriction and poor upstream water quality. The existing state-owned bridge spanning Route 28 (Main Street) in Yarmouth, Massachusetts restricts tidal flow from Nantucket Sound into Seine Pond. The work is being performed consistent with MassDOT Bridge Design protocols for a Type Span Study. Design considerations of the Type Span Study alternatives include: hydraulic performance of the structure, complexity, cost, and duration of construction, design life, traffic management, safety, incorporation of utilities, bicycle and pedestrian safety, and aesthetics. Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) and Endicott College – Thissell Marsh Restoration Endicott College, Beverly, MA. Project Manager for the preparation of preliminary restoration design and an Expanded ENF with Waiver Request for a degraded salt marsh located south of Hale Street behind a barrier beach. Historically, Centerville Brook flowed in a meandering natural channel to Salem Sound. An existing stone culvert now conveys Centerville Brook through the western edge of the marsh and barrier beach. This culvert restricts tidal influence to the salt marsh, fostering poor water quality and promoting the encroachment of invasive plant species. The restoration designs studies will “naturalize” Centerville Brook in its historical location, increase tidal exchange to the marsh thereby improving water quality and salt marsh health. Close coordination with regulatory agencies and effected property owners was maintained throughout the project. Town of Dennis Natural Resources Department – Sesuit Creek Marsh Restoration Project, Dennis, MA. Project Manager responsible for the assessment and permitting of the restoration of a 60-acre tidally restricted salt marsh in Cape Cod Bay. Baseline investigations included studies of marsh vegetation, surface and pore water chemistry, invertebrates, fish and birds. Improvements include the replacement of an undersized culvert with twin 12 foot culverts to increase tidal flushing and improve fish passage to

Craig Wood Page 4 of 17 upstream spawning habitat. Permitting included the filing of an ENF, Notice of Intent, and applications for Water Quality Certification, Chapter 91, Army Corps of Engineers. NOAA Restoration Center – Fresh Meadow Brook Fish Passage Improvement, South Kingstown, RI. Project Manager responsible for baseline investigation, wetland delineation, GPS survey, restoration plans and permitting for improving fish passage in Fresh Meadow Brook. In the spring of 2007, a substantial vertical drop in the stream channel below the recently completed fishway at the outlet to Indian Lake was discovered. To facilitate adult and juvenile anadromous fish passage the project includes development of a base map and longitudinal profile for the project area, summarizing the existing hydrologic and hydraulic information to identify the appropriate flows to use in passage design and the development of preliminary and final plans, details and specifications for construction purposes. Town of Hull – Strait’s Pond Restoration Project, Hull, MA. Project Manager responsible for baseline investigations, bathymetric surveys, hydraulic modeling, bridge replacement design public outreach efforts, and permitting. Strait’s Pond is a 92-acre salt pond experiencing both water quality and habitat degradation as a result of poor flushing. Replacement of the existing state bridge required extensive utility coordination. The larger openings in the bridge structure were outfitted with an automated tide gates to reduce flooding impacts to low-lying properties. Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) and Town of Barnstable – Bridge Creek Marsh Restoration, Barnstable, MA. Project Manager for the study, design, and construction supervision of a fast-tracked project to improve habitat conditions within a Phragmites dominated salt marsh on Cape Cod. Under sized culverts along an active rail corridor as well as Route 6A were restricting tidal flows from fully flushing the upgradient marsh. Based upon site specific tide gauge data, wetland assessments, scour analysis and hydrologic/hydraulic modelling, ten foot wide box culverts were replaced in both locations. Coastal America and the Massachusetts Corporate Wetlands Restoration Partnership – Quivett Creek Marsh Restoration, Dennis/Brewster, MA. Project Manager for the preparation of baseline fisheries monitoring, restoration plans and permitting for Quivett Creek Marsh located in the Towns of Dennis and Brewster. Under sized culverts under an abandoned road bed are restricting tidal flows from fully flushing the upgradient marsh and inhibiting the migration of herring. Plans include the replacement of the culverts with a timber bridge and to convert the roadbed to a bike path. Berger conducted fisheries monitoring at Quivett Creek to establish the characteristics of the existing fish community that could be influenced by the restoration project. Monitoring included observations of river herring during their spring spawning run and collections of fish, both upstream and downstream, of the Sea Street culverts during the spring and summer. Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) – Wingaersheek Beach Salt Marsh Restoration, West Gloucester, MA. Project Manager for the preparation of preliminary restoration designs for the salt marsh located behind the dune system of Wingaersheek Beach. This historic salt marsh was directly impacted by the placement of spoils from past dredging operations of the adjacent channel. Due to the large volume of dredged fill material to be relocated as a result of the salt marsh restoration, numerous fill reuse options were investigated including both on-site and off-site options. Two preliminary restoration designs were advanced based, in part, on tide elevation data obtained from base mapping, biological benchmark data and published tide data. The restoration designs incorporated elements such as restoration of historically filled wetlands, enhancement of back dune habitat, invasive species management, tidal creek modifications, on-site reuse of fill materials, and site construction access considerations. Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation – Neponset Salt Marsh Restoration Phase III, Dorchester, MA. Project Manager for a feasibility study for wetland restoration within a 12-acre portion of the DCR Neponset River Reservation. Under this contract, Berger developed project base

Craig Wood Page 5 of 17 mapping, conducted vegetation surveys and wetland delineation, investigated sediment characteristics, developed restoration alternatives and advanced preliminary plans to restore a degraded portion of historically filled salt marsh. MA Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) – Newman Road Salt Marsh Restoration, Newbury, MA. Project Manager for the design and permitting of a replacement culvert to increase tidal flow to the Newman Road Salt Marsh. The existing roadway culvert restricts the historic tidal exchange to the up-gradient salt marsh during most tides. Responsibilities involved the analysis of automated tide elevation data and existing topographic survey information, analysis of the existing and proposed culverts. Based on information and recommendations provided, a preferred alternative was selected by the project partners and regulatory agencies based upon abutter concerns for flooding of adjacent properties, the existing up-gradient plant communities and the ability of the culvert to increase tidal flushing to the up-gradient salt marsh. A Notice of Intent was filed with the Newbury Conservation Commission and a Chapter 91 License and Water Quality Certification application were prepared. A preliminary design report, preliminary design plans, construction cost estimate were also prepared. MA Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) – Great Marsh Coastal Wetlands Restoration Planning – Rapid Field Assessments. Project Manager for the conducting rapid field assessments of 25 potential coastal wetland restoration opportunities associated with the Great Marsh Coastal Wetlands Restoration Planning Project. The project is an important component of the Wetlands Restoration Program’s plan to help communities in the Great Marsh region identify and restore degraded coastal aquatic habitats. The Great Marsh coastal region stretches along the entire north shore of Massachusetts (Amesbury to Rockport). The effort is intended to advance the preliminary assessment of targeted sites through rapid technical field assessments, survey of tidal restrictions, and compilation of GIS data. MA Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) and Town of Marshfield – Green Harbor River Restoration, Marshfield, MA. Project Manager for baseline monitoring of water quality, habitat, restoration design and permitting. The original dike and dam were constructed in 1872 for agricultural purposes, restricting tidal flow to an area of approximately 1,000 acres. The restoration project focused on restoring tidal influence to the existing creek system and fringing marsh. Completed permitting and design (including an O&M Plan) to replace one conventional flapper gate with an adjustable combination gate to improve tidal flushing and flood control while allowing for adaptive management and progressive increases in tidal exchange. City of Gloucester – Mill Pond Habitat Restoration Project, Gloucester, MA. Project Manager for the design and permitting for a new tide gate to Mill Pond’s Route 127 water control structure. Mill Pond is located upstream of the Route 127 (Washington Street) crossing over Mill River in the City of Gloucester. The Mill Pond Habitat Restoration Project seeks to gradually increase the level of tidal exchange to restore degraded coastal wetland habitat, improve water quality and improve ecological connectivity by making alterations to the Washington Street water control structure. There is limited storage capacity within the Mill Pond estuary during high tide events, thereby creating flood risk. The Operation and Management Plan addresses the procedures, protocols and evaluation methods that will be applied to the inspection, operation and periodic adjustments to the water control structures, consisting of the new aluminium flapper gate and the existing sluice gate. The project will also improve the Department of Public Works' ability to manage the risk of preventable flooding while restoring heavily impacted tidal wetland habitat and also improve habitat connectivity. MA Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) – North Pool Marsh Restoration, Newbury-Rowley, MA. Project Manager for the development of restoration plans associated with a 100-acre wildlife impoundment within the Parker River National Wildlife Refuge. The

Craig Wood Page 6 of 17 impoundment was originally created in the 1940's to enhance waterfowl production within the Refuge but never met management expectations due to a lack of fresh water. The goals of the restoration effort are to restore the impoundment to a self-sustaining salt marsh habitat and reduce the effort currently required to control invasive vegetation. MA Division of Ecological Restoration (formerly Wetlands Restoration Program) – Namskaket Creek Marsh Restoration, Brewster and Orleans, MA. Project Manager for the development of plans to restore a Phagmites dominated salt marsh. Under sized culverts along the Cape Cod Rail Trail (bike path) are restricting tidal flows from fully flushing the upgradient marsh. Based upon site specific tide gauge data, wetland assessments and hydrologic/hydraulic modelling, an economically feasible restoration plan was prepared. NH Department of Transportation – Taylor River Habitat Restoration and Dam Study/I-95 Bridge Replacement, Hampton, NH. Environmental Task Manager of the Taylor River restoration project which includes assessment for removal or replacement of dam and accommodations for fish passage. The intent of this project is to assess the replacement of the Taylor River structures at I-95, including but not limited to a review of traffic control and construction access requirements, and to address the Taylor River dam in context with NH Department of Environmental Service’s (NHDES) River Restoration Program and Dam Safety Program. The project includes a feasibility study of the options to restore anadromous fish movements within the affected portion of the Taylor River, attain recommended measures for dam safety (through either dam removal or replacement with fish passage) and evaluate hydraulic requirements for replacement of the I-95 structure. The study evaluates ecological issues, structural engineering for the dam and bridge, fluvial geomorphology, economics, historic and cultural resources, and river corridor wildlife resources. The study was a partnering effort between the NHDOT, NH Coastal Program, NHDES, Town of Hampton, Town of Hampton Falls, NH Fish and Game Department, National Oceanic and Atmosphere (NOAA) Restoration Center, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Maine Department of Transportation – Freshwater Tidal Wetland Restoration, Maine Coastal Connector, Brunswick, ME. Principal Scientist for development of a mitigation strategy for the 2.9-mile bypass from US Route1 in Brunswick to Route 196 in Topsham. Designed and supervised construction of the 4-acre freshwater tidal restoration site (Bay Bridge Landing) which included a handicapped-accessible interpretive trail. City of Dover – Berry Brook Watershed Management Plan, Dover, NH. Environmental Task Manager responsible for wetland and aquatic habitat assessments, as well as BMP recommendations for the Watershed Management Plan for Berry Brook. The Brook is located on the west side of downtown Dover and flows north to south into the Cocheco River. The watershed is 161 acres in size and is fully built-out with mostly medium density residential housing. The management plan will be consistent with EPA and NHDES guidance which will outline existing water quality impairments, identify effective measures to bring the stream into compliance with water quality standards, and outline costs associated with their implementation. In addition, the plan will include measures to address existing flooding problems experienced in the vicinity of Sixth Street, an inventory of the ecological integrity of the stream system, and recommended measures to address ecological impairments (e.g., stream bank stabilization, habitat fragmentation, wetland restoration, day-lighting culverts). All stormwater outfall locations will be explored for cost-effective pollutant reduction measures, including low impact development practices currently being tested at the UNH stormwater BMP testing facility. City of Newport – Lawton Brook Watershed Assessment, Portsmouth, RI. The impounded upper reaches of Lawton Brook serve as a municipal reservoir for the City. This study investigated sedimentation within the lower reaches of Lawton Brook which was also impounded at the head of tide into Narragansett Bay. This lower impoundment has since filled with sediment from natural sources and from filter backwash from the water treatment plant, converting it into a wetland dominated by Phragmites.

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The study assessed the area and depth of sediment within Lawton Brook and associated freshwater wetlands that were attributable to discharges from the Lawton Valley Treatment Plant between 1990 and 2008. Study components included examination of the historical records, analysis of sediment discharges from the treatment plant, field surveys to determine the sediment accumulation rate in the impoundment, loading analyses of sediment from natural sources, and chemical analyses of deposited sediments. A sediment budget was prepared for the various sources of sediment in the impoundment. Options for restoration and mitigation were proposed. Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management – Valley Falls Marsh and Blackstone River, Habitat Assessment, Lincoln, RI. As part of a TMDL development for the Blackstone River, Mr. Wood investigated the habitat of the Valley Falls Marsh within the floodplain of the Blackstone River. Findings have been used to determine mitigation measures to improve the hydraulic regime in the marsh and the water quality in the river. Other Coastal Projects ESS U.S. Navy - Environmental Impact Assessment & Permitting for Dry Dock #1 Lifting and Handling Improvements, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, ME. Senior Wetland Scientist responsible for wetland assessment and avoidance for the proposed improvements at PNSY to increase the portal crane rail load carrying capacity by upgrading the existing structural system. Block Island Land Trust – Vulnerability Assessment and Shoreline Stabilization Alternatives, Spring House Pond, Block Island, RI. Project Manager of a technical investigation of historic and potential future shoreline changes adjacent to Spring House Pond which lies at the crest of an eroding bluff. The Land Trust is concerned with the vulnerability of the coastal pond to beach and bluff erosion. Bluff failure or mass wasting events are influenced by soil conditions (surficial geology), precipitation, groundwater discharge (seeps), and undercutting of the bluff toe caused by wave attack. The investigation evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of potential short- and long-term solutions to allow the Land Trust to make informed decisions on the measures necessary to maintain the scenic qualities, historical significance and habitat values associated with the pond balanced against the risks associated with a large-scale bluff failure. Town of Dennis - Comprehensive Dredging and Beach Nourishment Project, Dennis, MA – Project Manager for planning, design, and permitting of a Comprehensive Dredging and Beach Nourishment Plan for the Town’s waterways and shoreline resources. The purpose of the Dredging and Beach Nourishment Plan is to consolidate and establish a more comprehensive and cost-effective way for the Town to manage dredging and beach nourishment efforts that have historically been conducted and permitted on a project-by-project basis. Town of Dennis Department of Natural Resources – Improving the Coastal Resiliency of Dr. Bottero Road and Chapin Beach, Dennis, MA. In association with Applied Coastal Research and Engineering, Inc. serving as Project Manager on a CZM Green Infrastructure for Coastal Resilience Grant. Under this grant the Team is identifying and evaluating infrastructure alternatives to mitigate erosion at Dr. Bottero/Chapin Beach Road and improve the resilience and natural function of a barrier beach. The project includes development of MEPA ready engineering plans and ENF application for the preferred green infrastructure alternative to advance into regulatory permitting. Town of Dennis Harbor Master – Sesuit Harbor Entrance Channel Dredging, Dennis, MA. Project Manager responsible for sediment sampling and preparing local, state and federal permits for maintenance dredging of the Federal Channel to Sesuit Harbor. Sediment disposal includes beach nourishment as well as a nearshore disposal site to accommodate the Army Corps of Engineers hopper dredge.

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Fall River Redevelopment Authority – Environmental Permitting and Flood Hazard Analysis, City Pier Project, Fall River, MA. Regulatory specialist for providing environmental permitting services (MEPA, USACE, Chapter 91) for maintenance and repair of the previously authorized seawall at the site and installation of an engineered barrier to cap and remediate existing contaminated fill as required by the USEPA prior to development of the City Pier Marina. Manchester-by-the-Sea DPW - Sawmill Brook Stone Arch Culvert Repair Project, Manchester-by- the-Sea, MA. In association with CMA Engineers, Inc., ESS provided regulatory support and Request for Determination of Applicability for the Sawmill Brook Stone Arch Culvert Repair Project. Central Street (MA-127) in downtown Manchester-by-the-Sea is carried over Sawmill Brook by an existing stone arch culvert. Settlement and displacement of stones at the westerly curb line have been observed, resulting in closure of the sidewalk over the stone arch. The work addressed interim repairs to restore the structure to full utility for a two year period. During this period, the disposition of the downstream tide gate and ultimate scope of permanent stone arch repairs or replacement will be determined. Manchester-by-the-Sea DPW - Tuck’s Point Seawall Reconstruction Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA. In association with CMA Engineers, Inc., ESS provided regulatory and permitting support and a Notice of Intent Application for the reconstruction of the deteriorated granite block wall at Tuck’s Point Beach. Tuck’s Point Park includes a small beach, a Rotunda that reaches out into the water, a Picnic Pavilion, and a permanent bath house. Reconstruction of the wall is critical to protecting important landside infrastructure such as the bath house that could be compromised by coastal storms. Other Massachusetts DCR – Nantasket Beach Seawall Rehabilitation and Master Plan, Hull, MA. Environmental Task Manger for permitting of seawall stabilization measures and environmental aspects of backshore master planning and beach nourishment. The Nantasket Beach Reservation is located in the Town of Hull, Massachusetts, on Boston’s South Shore. The Reservation has been used as a recreational beach by Greater Boston residents since the 1800s and was officially established as a public beach in 1899. The beach consists of a sandy barrier beach exposed to the open Massachusetts Bay and Atlantic Ocean. A 5,400-foot seawall along Nantasket Avenue and Hull Shore Drive, which was originally constructed around 1915 and fortified in 1980, protects the Reservation and abutting properties from storm wave erosion and flooding. State and Federal permitting (including a Phase One Waiver Request, Notice of Intent, Water Quality Certification and Chapter 91 and Army Corps approvals) was completed interim work to provide toe protection and improve the stability to a 2000-foot section of the seawall along the middle reach. Berger is also engaged in the preparation of a master plan for the Reservation which includes (1) landside facilities including parking, traffic, and pedestrian access, user and maintenance facilities in coordination with Reservation needs and community planning efforts, and (2) a more detailed study of coastal processes along the beach to further investigate beach nourishment alternatives. Town of Dennis Engineering Department – Bass River Dredging and Landings Improvements Dennis, MA. Project Manager responsible for conducting shellfish and sediment sampling and preparing environmental permits, project plans, and supporting documentation for planning improvements to two municipally-owned landings and mooring fields. The project involved improvement dredging and improvements to dock facilities.

Energy ESS SunEast Solar Farms - Cranston and Situate, RI. Project Manager for initial resource areas constraint mapping and wetland delineation for two 10.0 MW AC / 12.6 MW DC site layouts along with electrical

Craig Wood Page 9 of 17 interconnections. The Scituate Solar site encompasses approximately 129 acres of primarily cleared fields. The Cranston Solar site (Hope Farm) encompasses approximately 70 acres of agricultural lands. National Grid Clay - Teall 115 kV Transmission Project, Onandaga County, NY. Senior Wetland Scientist responsible for the preparation of a Jurisdictional Determination (JD) Report and Section 404 Permit Application to the US Army Corps of Engineers to support the reconstruction of an 15 mile long 115 kV electric transmission reconductoring project that will reinforce the NGrid transmission and the New York grid. National Grid Mohican - Battenkill 115 kV Transmission Project, Washington and Saratoga Counties, NY. Senior Wetland Scientist responsible for the preparation of a Jurisdictional Determination (JD) Report and Section 404 Permit Application to the US Army Corps of Engineers to support the reconstruction of approximately 15 miles of 115 kV overhead electrical transmission line between the Mohican Substation and Battenkill Substation in the State of New York. Work involved examining the wetland resources areas within the Project Right-of-Way, determining whether and how the proposed Project may affect wetland resources, report writing, and GIS mapping. ESS will provide environmental monitoring during construction. Invenergy – Clear River Energy Center – Burrillville, RI. Senior Wetland Scientist responsible for the wetland and wildlife components of the Rhode Island Energy Facility Siting Board application for the construction and operation of nominal 1,000 MW combined cycle electric generation plant. Wetlands were delineated on the approximately 75-acre site in preparation of an Edge Verification and Application to Alter Freshwater Wetlands to be submitted to RIDEM as well as an Individual Permit to the Army Corps of Engineers. EmKey, LLC, Northern Independence Pipeline Article VII – Madison, Chenango, and Broome Counties, NY. Senior Wetlands Scientist responsible for Wetland & Water Resources and the Vegetation, Wildlife, & Rare Species sections of the Article VII application to the New York Public Service Commission for the proposed 75-mile gas pipeline in upstate New York. Transportation/Permitting/Mitigation Design Hoyle, Tanner & Associates, Inc. – Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) and Wildlife Assessment - Groton CT. Project Manager assisting the Connecticut Airport Authority (CAA) and HTA with an EFH and Wildlife Assessment for the proposed wildlife deterrent fencing at Groton-New London Airport (GON). The Connecticut Airport Authority (CAA) is proposing to install additional wildlife deterrent fencing around the perimeter of the airport facility, in accordance with FAA specifications. The Assessment included a description of the alternatives and an analysis of the potential adverse effects of the action on EFH, managed species, and wildlife resources. Work included field observations of wildlife and coastal habitat areas at the project site, correspondence with CTDEEP regarding rare species issues, and evaluating the potential positive and negative impacts of the installation of the fence on wildlife and their habitats. New England Army Corps of Engineers – South Coast Rail Project, Boston-New Bedford, MA. Working for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, served as principal scientist for development of third party EIS intended to advance restoration of passenger rail between the cities of Fall River and New Bedford and downtown Boston. The project, as proposed by The Executive Office of Transportation and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation, is envisioned as a key economic development initiative for the South Coast region and as a means to promote sustainable economic growth. Key environmental issues include indirect impacts on habitat fragmentation, impacts within the Hockamock Swamp ACEC bisected by the former rail corridor, and wetland habitat mitigation strategies. EIS intended to advance the restoration of passenger rail between the cities of Fall River and New Bedford and downtown Boston. The project as proposed by The Executive Office of Transportation and the Massachusetts Bay Transportation is

Craig Wood Page 10 of 17 envisioned as a key economic development initiative for the South Coast region and as a means to promote the sustainable economic growth. Town of Concord Public Works – Cambridge Turnpike Reconstruction Project, Concord, MA. Environmental Task Manager for the design and permitting of the reconstruction of Cambridge Turnpike which is impacted by extensive flooding at two crossings of the Mill Brook causing the Town to detour traffic. Improvements to the Cambridge Turnpike include redesign and construction of two crossings of the Mill Brook, modifications in roadway profile and geometry, construction of retaining walls, enhancements to pedestrian facilities, as well as management and control of stormwater and floodplain compensatory storage. Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) Maps will be amended to reflect the more up to date flood data. Due to constant high water conditions within this portion of Mill Brook and its associated wetlands and floodplain, the project also involves a watershed-wide identification of flow impediments and a long-term maintenance plan for improvements to drainage and waterways. Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) – Fairmount Line over Neponset River, Boston, MA. Lead Environmental Scientist responsible for environmental compliance and permitting associated with the replacement of two structurally deficient MBTA bridge structures at two separate locations over the Neponset River in Dorchester. The replacement bridge structures consisted of a ballasted deck on Prestressed Concrete Beam supported by new abutments on drilled shafts constructed behind the old abutments for two main tracks, and open deck on welded plate girders supported on existing abutments for spur tracks. Permitting included a Categorical Exclusion under NEPA, a Notice of Intent including a wildlife habitat evaluation at a Section 404 Massachusetts General Permit. Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) – West Route Mainline (Haverhill Commuter Line) over Shawsheen River, Andover, MA. Lead Environmental Scientist responsible for environmental compliance and permitting associated with the rehabilitation of two structurally deficient historic stone arch bridge structures at two separate locations over the Shawsheen River in Andover. This project includes the construction of new low-profile bridges over an existing stone arches, remedial repair of the existing stone arch, scour repair below the waterline and streambank stabilization through bioengineering practices. The project design balances the need for infrastructure maintenance and improvement with historic preservation, cost effectiveness, and minimization of environmental impacts. The load of the trains on the stone arch will be eliminated by the placement of a new steel superstructure just below the top of the existing stone cap. In effect, the repaired stone arch will appear to be the functional equivalent to the pre-existing arch. Permitting included a Categorical Exclusion under NEPA, a Notice of Intent, a Section 404 Massachusetts General Permit, and Water Quality Certification. Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) – Red Line over Clayton Street, Boston, MA. Lead Environmental Scientist responsible for environmental compliance including completion of a Categorical Exclusion under NEPA. Reconstruction of the existing bridge involved replacement of the superstructure as well as rehabilitation of the substructure. Construction activities involving demolition of the existing structure and replacing it with pre-fabricated/ pre-assembled segments required road closure and detouring of traffic. The designated detour route was based on the assessment of impacts on the local traffic and required coordination with the City of Boston and local community. Massachusetts Bay Transit Authority (MBTA) – Needham Commuter Rail over Lagrange Street, Boston, MA. Lead Environmental Scientist responsible for environmental compliance including completion of a Categorical Exclusion under NEPA. The LaGrange Street Bridge Reconstruction of the existing bridge involved replacement of the superstructure and the repair/rehabilitation of the existing substructure which remained in place. The new bridge superstructure was pre-assembled at the site and supported on existing extra-wide bridge abutments and temporary pier extension south of existing bridge. MassDOT – Route 2 Crosby’s Corner EIR/EA and Final Design, Concord-Lincoln, MA. Natural Resource Task Lead for preparation of a Final EIR/EA and state permitting including a Wetlands

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Protection Act and Water Quality Certification Variance. Designed two wetland replacement/compensatory flood storage areas as well as stream restoration plans for a relocated reach of Mill Brook based on a stream simulation/geomorphology approach. Plans also included a dedicated structure to improve highway permeability for wildlife along the riparian corridor. The project included an extensive public participation with newsletters, public meetings, close coordination with officials, and many small group meetings with a wide variety of interested parties including abutters, Minuteman National Historical Park, Walden Woods, and state and federal agencies. Client: MassDOT – Route I-95/128 Add-a-Lane, Dedham & Needham, MA. Environmental Task Manager responsible for wetland delineation, impact assessment, mitigation design and wetlands permitting for the reconstruction of seven bridges and nearly 3 miles of roadway widening along the heavily travelled Route I-95/128 in the towns of Needham and Dedham. The bridges over the Charles River also require Chapter 91 approvals. The project involves coordination with adjacent roadway designers and implementation of the EIR environmental commitments as it relates to stormwater management. Mr. Wood is currently providing compliance services during construction including expedited approvals for two project changes for bridge construction techniques and stormwater management which have reduced project costs. NHDOT – I-93 Salem-Manchester, Salem and Windham, NH. Environmental task manager for this project involving design of Southern segment of the reconstruction which includes widening of Interstate I- 93 for approximately eight miles and the replacement of 19 bridges, from the Massachusetts border northerly through the towns of Salem and Windham. The design will consist of expanding I-93 from existing two-lane facility to four-lanes and upgrade of interchanges at exit 1, 2 and 3. Project includes full engineering services including three wetland mitigation sites, compensatory flood storage, water quality enhancement through the construction of gravel treatment wetlands and provisions to improve wildlife and fish passage under the highway. RIDOT – RI Route 403 Wetland Mitigation Monitoring, North Kingstown and East Greenwich, RI. Project Manager responsible for collecting annual wildlife, groundwater monitoring well, and vegetative data associated with a freshwater wetland mitigation project in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. The purposed of the project was to restore wetlands to serve as compensation to replace those functions and values lost from the filling of approximately 2.7 acres of freshwater wetlands as part of the relocation of State Route 403. General Services Administration – Interstate 91 Port of Entry EIS, Derby, VT. Natural Resource Task Lead responsible for wetland delineation of jurisdictional wetlands including an assessment of natural resources impacts from three alternatives in support of an EA for the proposed expansion of the Port of Entry in Derby. The efforts included coordination with GSA, ACOE and ANR to assess potential permitting and mitigations issues. MaineDOT – Augusta Memorial Bridge Environmental Assessment, Augusta, ME. Lead environmental scientist for an Environmental Assessment to study alternatives for this 50 year old structure which provides the main connection between the easterly and westerly portions of Augusta, including two groups of state offices. Alternatives evaluated included the No-Build, an upgrade alternative and several new alignments. Cianbro Corporation/MaineDOT – Piscataquis River Bridge Design/Build Replacement Project, Howland, ME. Lead environmental scientist for the tender design, final design, and construction phases for this $11M project that carries US Route 116 over the Piscataquis River on behalf of Cianbro Corporation. The project design includes a new three-span 582’ long bridge, retaining walls, 1,900’ of roadway approach work, and removal of the existing three-span truss bridge.

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MaineDOT – Route 136/125 Design-Build, Freeport, ME. Environmental coordinator for reconstruction of a three-mile section of roadway as well as the widening and rehabilitation of the Collins Mill Bridge. Supported the designer team for Shaw Brothers Construction and the Maine Department of Transportation (MDOT) for this design / build project. The bridge is being rehabilitated as part of the reconstruction of a three-mile section of road that stretches from Exit 22 on I-295 to the Durham Town Line in Freeport, Maine. MassDOT – I-495 Bridge Replacement, Lowell, MA. Lead environmental scientist responsible for agency coordination, impact avoidance and minimization plans, and environmental permitting of the bridge replacement over the Concord River. The proposed reconstruction of the northbound and southbound bridges are footprint bridge reconstructions involving the replacement of existing structures in the same locations with new structures of similar capacity and within similar horizontal and vertical alignments. Work within the preexisting fill envelope in the median is the least environmentally damaging alternative from a site access and construction methods standpoint. NHDOT Bureau of Environment – Wetland Mitigation Monitoring, Nashua and Merrimack, NH. Project Manager for wetland mitigation monitoring for five large-scale mitigation sites designed as compensation for wetland impacts created during the widening and reconstruction of the F.E. Everett Turnpike from the Massachusetts state line north to Nashua, NH and the relocation of Camp Sargeant Road in Merrimack, NH. Mitigation sites were intended to replace wetland functions impacted by roadway construction such as wildlife habitat, floodflow alteration, groundwater discharge, and sediment and toxicant retention. Overall vegetation cover, wildlife activity, survival and spread of planted wetland species, and colonization of native and exotic wetland species were assessed and photo documented at each site with a summary of impairments if present, and suggested corrective measures. Office of the Governor – Pre-Environmental Impact Statement Studies, Quonset Point/Davisville Container Port, North Kingstown, RI. A compact container port was proposed for the Quonset/ Davisville along Narragansett Bay. An application for an EIS was filed with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. In preparation for the EIS, detailed oceanographic studies were conducted for circulation, marine biology (lobsters, finfish, shellfish, invasive species), aquaculture, sediment chemistry, and physical characteristics. In addition, the services included assessments of tourism and navigation in the bay, port design issues, and economic feasibility analyses. MaineDOT – Route 9 Wetland Mitigation, Lisbon-Sabattus, MA. Project Manager for an investigation of mitigation sites within the project vicinity. Potential sites were identified through contacts with knowledgeable individuals in local and state resource agencies, available resource mapping including USGS maps, soils maps, NWI maps and aerial photographs, and field reconnaissance. The search effort concentrated on the Sabattus River Watershed in the towns of Lisbon, Sabattus and Lewiston. A combination of preservation sites were selected to provide compensation for the impacts. Massachusetts DCR – Mount Greylock State Reservation Parkway Rehabilitation, Berkshire County, MA. Environmental task manager for the permitting and design of access road improvements to the summit of Mount Greylock. The project involves context sensitive design techniques to minimize impacts to wetlands, as well as a variety and abundance of rare species while restoring the original Civilian Conservation Corps aesthetics to the parkway. Permitting included the preparation of an expanded Environmental Notification Form (ENF). six Notice of Intents, 401 Water Quality Certification, Section 404 permit approvals, NPDES permitting and MESA approvals. The project was designed to minimize disturbance to a large number of protected plant and animal species, such as the blackpoll warbler which breeds in spruce/fir forests on the summit of Mount Greylock. The effort was the pilot project for the recently established Historic Parkways Initiative. New Hampshire Department of Transportation – Environmental Impact Statement, Manchester Airport Access Road, NH. Project manager responsible for coordinating a multi-disciplinary team to

Craig Wood Page 13 of 17 complete a Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), Supplemental EIS and Biological Assessment under the Endangered Species Act for a new highway spanning the Merrimack River between the FE Everett Turnpike and Manchester Airport. The studies included an ecological assessment of a 1,000 acre undeveloped tract south of the Airport to identify important reptile and amphibian habitat to be protected from induced growth triggered by the project. The overall mitigation package included over 700 acres of habitat preservation and design of a wildlife underpass between NH Route 3A and the Merrimack River. City of Manchester – South Manchester Rail Trail, Manchester, NH. Principal Wetland Scientist responsible for environmental permitting associated with the design of a 1.5 mile trail that runs in an abandoned railroad corridor from South Beech Street past Nutts Pond to Goffs Falls Road. This project is funded under the NH Department of Transportation’s Transportation Enhancement (TE) Program. Cianbro Corporation – I-295 Portland Connector Road, Portland ME. Lead Wetland Scientist on the Design/Build Team responsible for the pre-construction monitoring and design of a wetland creation site to offset unavoidable wetland impacts from roadway construction. The created wetland is designed to enhance flood storage capacity, water quality enhancement and habitat functions within the adjacent wetland. MassDOT – I-93/I-95 Interchange Study, Woburn, MA. Environmental Task Manager. Planning study to develop recommendations for improvements to safety and traffic operations at a major system interchange carrying nearly 400,000 ADT and closely surrounded with residences and commercial land use. Following major controversy, MassDOT suspended a feasibility study and contracted for this planning study with intensive community involvement with an existing Task Force representing three towns and business, environmental and citizens groups. Restoring confidence in the planning and project development process is a key part of the project mission Massachusetts Port Authority – CAT II & III Feasibility Study, Worcester Regional Airport, Worcester, MA. Environmental Task Manager for the preparation of a feasibility study addressing environmental issues, compliance, and mitigation requirements associated with the proposed CAT II/III approaches to the 11 end of Runway 11-29 at Worcester Regional Airport. The study included a description of potential impacts, and outlined components of a mitigation strategy for the project. Further documentation and permit requirements on the Federal, State, and local level were identified. New Hampshire Department of Transportation – Wetland and Wildlife Studies, Route 2 Corridor Improvements, Jefferson Randolph, NH. Project Manager responsible for coordinating a study to identify wetland resources and important wildlife habitat along a 5 mile stretch of Route 2. Sections of the road are experiencing a relatively high frequency of vehicle collisions with moose as well as other large mammals. A component of the study involves a review of wildlife road kill data, available habitat and seasonal wildlife surveys to identify and predict locations with higher wildlife road crossings. The study examined opportunities to increase the permeability of the road to wildlife including the construction of wildlife underpasses or overpasses, existing culvert retrofits, enhanced signage, road surface treatments, and public education. URS Corporation – Mitigation Design Services and Permitting Assistance, Route 3 North Burlington to Tyngsboro, MA. Project Manager to provide wetland mitigation design services for the Route 3 North design build Team of URS Corporation and Modern Continental. The highway project involves design capacity and safety improvements over a 21 mile section of Route 3 from the Town of Burlington to the New Hampshire border. To date, Berger has conducted pre construction monitoring and developed final wetland mitigation designed for five sites along the project corridor. Also provided independent technical reviews of permit documentation and acted in a Liaison capacity between the developer, MassDOT and regulatory agencies. .

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Town of Rockingham – Tenney Bridge Replacement, Rockingham, VT. Principal Scientist responsible for wetland and natural resource identification and permitting assistance (including a Stream Alteration Permit) for the replacement of an existing three span bridge over the Saxtons River. The project was accomplished under the municipal management program under the Vermont Agency of Transportation. New Hampshire Department of Transportation – Keene Swanzey Bypass, NH Routes 9/10/12/101, Keene, NH. Environmental Task Manager for the environmental analysis of alternative interchange concepts, as well as, final design and construction supervision of five mitigation sites intended to offset 30 acres of wetland impact due to improvements in the existing highway network in Keene, New Hampshire. Work also included field surveys and expert testimony regarding vernal pool habitat. MassDOT – Wetland Mitigation and Creation, Route 3 North, MA. Technical director of wetland issues associated with improvements to a 21-mile section of Route 3 between Route 128 and the New Hampshire border. Wetland impacts were identified and addressed in an Environmental Assessment/ Environmental Impact Report. In addition, a draft DEP Variance and individual Notice of Intent (NOI) were prepared for each affected municipality. To offset the 21 acres of wetland impact, developed a mitigation package which included four primary creation sites as well as 21 smaller sites designed to provide both wetland replacement and compensatory flood storage. Final designs along with construction specifications were submitted as part of the NOI. Rhode Island Airport Corporation and Federal Aviation Administration – Environmental Assessment of Block Island Airport Proposed Improvement Projects, Block Island, RI. Under contract with the Rhode Island Airport Corporation and Federal Aviation Administration, performed environmental tasks for an Environmental Assessment (EA) in accordance with NEPA. The EA was performed to evaluate the potential environmental impacts associated with short-term improvements recommended in the Block Island Airport Master Plan. Proposed improvements included runway reconstruction, increased parking for aircraft and autos, and construction of a new terminal building. Winston & Strawn/Government of Ecuador – Bilateral Investment Treary Arbitration (Chevron Corporation and the Government of Ecuador). Senior ecologist serving a part of a technical consultant team retained by Winston & Strawn, LLP in the Bilateral Investment Treaty arbitration between Chevron Corporation and the Government of Ecuador regarding the Aguinda et al. v. Chevron lawsuit that was litigated in the Superior Court in Lago Agrio, Sucumbios Province, Ecuador between 2003 and 2011. The Lago Agrio Lawsuit involved highly technical testimony and data regarding claims of the indigenous plaintiffs for damages to the environment, human health and indigenous culture from oil exploration and production activities conducted by a subsidiary of Texaco, Inc., the sole Operator of the Napo Oil Concession (Concession) oil field in the Ecuadorian Oriente Amazon Rainforest between 1964 and June 1990. Texaco was acquired by Chevron in 2001, so Chevron was the defendant in the Lago Agrio Lawsuit. Assisted Winston in the evaluation of several aspects of the environmental damages asserted in the Lawsuit including widespread direct and indirect impacts to the ecology of the region through the construction and operation of 6 camps, 15 petroleum fields consisting of 325 wells, and 22 production stations. The Nature Conservancy – Property Appraisal, Chequessett Yacht & Country Club Trust, Wellfleet, MA. Project Manager to conduct land planning services in support of an appraisal of the Chequessett Yacht & Country Club (CYCC) property. The CYCC property is comprised of approximately 106.5 acres of land with a nine-hole golf course, clubhouse and associated improvements along with 2 small parcels on Wellfleet Harbor, one of which contains a boathouse. Berger’s work follows the Uniform Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions, 2000 edition (also known as the Yellow Book). To support the “before and after” appraisal, hypothetical development plans and a land planning report were prepared. Nine alternate development scenarios were compiled and analyzed including ANR subdivisions,

Craig Wood Page 15 of 17 conventional residential subdivisions with internal roadways, cluster residential, and a mixed-use golf and residential development. Working within the framework of local, Regional (Cape Cod Commission), State and Federal regulations, the development scenarios were maximized to determine the highest and best use of the property. American Financial Group – The Mountain View Grand Resort & Spa, Whitefield, NH. Lead Wetland Scientist responsible for incorporating natural resource considerations into the Resort’s master planning process. This process required tasks such as site reconnaissance, limited wetland delineation, a habitat inventory, and other tasks. The Master Plan for the 1800 acre site included the development of a 160 lot subdivision encompassing an 18-hole Championship Golf Course. The planned facility intended to host PGA events. Additionally, the Core Hotel Zone is intended to include 300 condominium units, a new conference centre, 60 hotel cabins, six outdoor tennis courts, a new indoor tennis court facility, a new 30 suite Spa/Fitness Centre, an Equestrian Centre, and a 75 lot estate subdivision consisting of 10 acre minimum lots. The North Parcel will also include several miles of multi-purpose scenic trails. Federal Bureau of Prisons – Federal Correctional Institution, Berlin, NH. Certified Wetland Scientist responsible for quality assurance of a wetland delineation of jurisdictional wetlands and waters of the U. S. on four potential site totalling more than + 2,000 acres located in Coos County, assessing potential permitting and mitigations issues affecting each of the four alternative sites and the development of a conceptual wetland mitigation design plan for the preferred alternative for inclusion in a Department of the Army Individual Permit application. Assisted in the completion of an Environmental Impact Statement for compliance with NEPA. Preparation of a Habitat Assessment for the federally threatened Canada Lynx was required for the USFWS. City of Nashua – Rotary Common, Nashua, NH. Lead Wetland Scientist participating as a member of the design team for this urban park project to make improvements to a former industrial site on Main Street in Nashua. Project components include site clean-up, site preparation, repairs to a dam and retaining walls, new drainage facilities, and water supply for irrigation of the newly-created landscaped areas. City of Nashua – Treatment Wetland Design for Storm Water Control Project, South Main Street, Nashua, NH. Environmental Task Manager for wetland creation design and permitting of an offline storm water treatment system to relieve Combined Sewer Overflow's (CSO's) to the Merrimack River. The storm water treatment system incorporates an open water storage pond and constructed wetland on Nashua Country Club property which was integrated into the redesign of the 11th hole. Cheshire County – House of Corrections, Keene, NH. Lead environmental scientist responsible for agency coordination and environmental permitting of the project. The project required on-site stream relocation involving natural bank, streamside swamp and native upland buffer replication to become project elements. Additionally, the project required approximately one acre of unavoidable wetland impacts. On-site replication for wetland impacts was not feasible due to an array of site constraints, and became among the first projects to be permitted under the newly implemented in-lieu fee program, and the first in its watershed. Berger is also under contract to provide continued monitoring services of the on- site stream/wetland replacement to comply with the NHDES and ACOE wetland permits. Town of Salisbury – Environmental Peer Reviews, Salisbury Conservation Commission, Salisbury, MA. Project manager for conducting comprehensive on-call ecological /environmental peer reviews for the Conservation Commission. Reviews typically include resource area delineation, habitat evaluations, compliance with the Wetlands Protection Act and local By-Law, as well as stormwater management. Town of Barrington NH Planning Board – Environmental Peer Reviews, Barrington, NH. Conducting comprehensive on-call ecological /environmental subdivision peer reviews for the Town. The reviews cover prime and other wetlands (including vernal pools), wildlife habitat and wildlife corridors, vegetation,

Craig Wood Page 16 of 17 soils, surface and groundwater quality, water consumption, natural features, floodways, steep slopes, large or unique trees, groves or special habitats, open space, scenic vistas, and regional cumulative impacts to the environment. Town of Pelham Planning Board – Environmental Peer Reviews, Pelham, NH. Conducted comprehensive on-call ecological /environmental subdivision peer reviews for the Town. The reviews cover prime and other wetlands (including vernal pools), wildlife habitat and wildlife corridors, vegetation, soils, surface and groundwater quality, special habitats, open space, scenic vistas, and regional cumulative impacts to the environment. Publications and Presentations Wood, C.A. and J. Burtner. 2010. Restoring coastal habitat and long-standing water quality impairments within Straits Pond (Hull and Cohasset, Massachusetts). Presented at 5th National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration, October, 2010. Galveston TX. Wood, C.A., J.M. Bell and B. Malone. 2008. Overcoming Challenges of Landscape Subsidence and Sediment Migration in the Sesuit Creek Marsh Restoration Project, Cape Cod MA. In: Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration, October, 2008. Providence, RI. Durey H., B. Suedmeyer and C. A. Wood. 2006. Massachusetts coastal wetlands restoration planning and rapid site assessments: tools and techniques after ten years of evolution. In: Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration, December 9-14, 2006. New Orleans, LA. Wood, C.A., A.S. Garlo and W.R. Arcieri. 2000. Wetland design implications of pre and post construction hydrologic observations in a large groundwater supported created wetland. In: Proceedings of the Quebec 2000 Millennium Wetland Event. Quebec City, Canada. August 2000. Wood, C.A., S.J. Kelley and S. Michaud. 1998. Cost efficient freshwater tidal wetland restoration through re use of excavated debris. In: Proceedings of Connections 98 Transportation, Wetlands & the Natural Environment. The Center for Transportation and the Environment. New Bern, NC. September 1998. Wood, C.A., A.S. Garlo and N. Yari. 1998. Coordinating roadway and mitigation construction efforts to offset large scale wetland creation costs. In: Proceedings of Connections 98 Transportation, Wetlands & the Natural Environment. The Center for Transportation and the Environment. New Bern, NC. September 1998. Barry, W.J., A.S. Garlo and C.A. Wood, 1996. Duplicating the mount and pool microtopography of forested wetlands. Restoration and Management Notes, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 15 21. Wood, C.A., W.J. Barry, A.S. Garlo and W. Arcieri, 1996. Mitigating wetland losses for a major transportation improvement project in New Hampshire. In: Proceeding of the North American Water and Environment Congress, American Society of Civil Engineers, Anaheim, CA, June 1996. Wood, C.A., W.J. Barry, A.S. Garlo and W. Arcieri, 1996. Wetland mitigation for highway projects. In: Hydrology and Hydrogeology of Urban and Urbanizing Areas. American Institute of Hydrology Annual Meeting. Boston, MA, April 1996. Wood, C.A., W.J. Barry, and A.S. Garlo, 1995. Comprehensive wetland mitigation strategy developed for a major transportation improvement project in New Hampshire. In: Proceeding of the Society of Wetland Scientists National Meeting. Boston, MA, May 1995. Garlo, A.S., W.J. Barry and C.A. Wood, 1995. Squamscott River bridge tidal marsh restoration: Route 101 Exeter/Stratham, New Hampshire. In: Proceedings of the Society of Wetland Scientists National Meeting. Boston, MA, May 1995.

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Garlo, A.S., W.J. Barry and C.A. Wood, 1995. Creation of forested wetlands on gravel mined sites: construction and implementation. In: M.C. Landin (ed.), Proceedings of the National Interagency Workshop on Wetlands: Technology Advances for Wetlands Science. Technical Report, Wetlands Research and Technology Center, US Army Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Wood, C.A. 1994. Recent developments in wetland creation: stormwater detention and treatment designs in New England. In: F. Webb, Jr. (ed.), Proceedings of a 21st Annual Conference on Wetlands Restoration and Creation, Institute of Florida Studies. Plant City, FL, May 1994. Wood, C.A. 1993. Wetland mitigation policy in New Hampshire. Presented at the Massachusetts Association of Wetland Scientists Annual Conference. Chelmsford, MA, September 1993. Wood, C.A. 1990. Maine Turnpike widening project: a wetland mitigation case study. In: Proceedings of the Northeast Wetlands Conference. Boston, MA, July 1990.