DOCSLIB.ORG

Taenia Taeniaeformis in Wild Rats

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

VOLUME 7 NO. 1 JANUARY 2016 • pages 21-23 MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH RE# MJVR – 0004-2015 SHORT COMMUNICATION TAENIA TAENIAEFORMIS IN WILD RATS PREMAALATHA B.1, CHANDRAWATHANI P.1*, TA N P.S. 2, THARSHINI J.3, JAMNAH O.1, RAMLAN M.1 AND NOR IKHMAL S.4 1 Veterinary Research Institute, 59 Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, 31400 Ipoh, Perak 2 School of Marine Science and Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu 3 Department of Agro Technology and Bio-Industry, Nilai Polytechnic, Negeri Sembilan 4 School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Malaysia * Corresponding author: [email protected] SUMMARY. Taenia taeniaeformis is having a length of 60 cm. This parasitic a parasitic tapeworm that is commonly tapeworm is normally found in the small found in cats. The intermediate hosts for intestine of cats, specifically in the region this parasite include mice, rats and other of the duodenum (Combes, 2001). The rodents. Cats can be infected by the taeniae scolex; which is the head, is the anterior by feeding on the rodents harbouring the region that is being used to attach to the intermediate stages. A total of 105 wild mucosa of the small intestine. rats (Rattus sp.) in the vicinity of Kuala The life cycle of this helminth begins Lumpur were trapped and a post-mortem with the eggs which are swallowed by the was carried out. Observation of whole intermediate host, normally a rodent such liver samples showed the presence of cysts as wild rats. These eggs are normally grossly on the surface. On cutting open the discharged by the tapeworms in the gut cysts, tapeworms were found and based on of infected cats or any definitive host and the morphological features of the parasites is excreted in faeces and contaminates nine rats were confirmed to be positive potential food sources of rodents (Combes, for Taenia taeniaeformis tapeworms found 2001). Once these eggs have been consumed in cysts in the liver. The cestode was by the wild rats, the embryo in the eggs identified based on helminthological keys develop into the earliest larval stage, which by Soulsby, 1982. is known as Cysticercus fasciolaris. At this Taenia taeniaeformis is known as a stage, hooks exist in order to poke the helminth which has been classified in the muscle tissues of the wild rats and dig into family of Taeniidae, the flatworm family. the liver through the gut and bloodstream. According to Mehlhorn and Aspoock Later, the larvae will emerge into the stage (2008), the normal size of the eggs for of strobilocerci. At this stage, fluid-filled this species is 35 µm, with the adult worm cysts are produced and comprise of a 21 MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH VOLUME 7 NO. 1 JANUARY 2016 scolex which adheres to the mucosa and Paramesvaran et al., reported 24 out of connects to its terminal bladder until the 30 rodents from five wet markets (Chow larvae matures (Rodraguez-Vivas et al., Kit, Dato Keramat, Setapak, Jinjang and 2011). Kepong) in Kuala Lumpur were positive The adult of this parasitic tapeworm for cestode Taenia taeniaeformis. Thus, is a hermaphrodite. Hence, the eggs could the animals that eat wild rats infected with possibly develop into mature worms Taenia taeniaeformis such as cats would with the strobila (the body) that contains act indirectly as definitive host of Taenia numerous proglottids (the segments) with taeniaeformis. The cats would be infected both male and female reproductive organs . by this parasitic tapeworm after ingestion In fact, wild rats are responsible for and continue to defaecate infective the transmission of a number of diseases. proglottids containing eggs into the Earlier studies by the Veterinary Research environment. Besides that, the infection Institute, Ipoh has shown that from ten rats of Taenia taeniaeformis is classified as caught, seven are mite carriers and four of asymptomatic since there is no specific them are carriers of several bacterial species sign observed in infected cats. such as Leptospira sp., Enterococcus However, the infected cats may start sp., Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma to lose weight and vomit. This is because, arthritidis (Premaalatha et al., 2010). the tapeworms feed on the nutrients from Besides that, a study by Mohd Zain et al., the cats leading to malnutrition in the 2012 has found that 346 Rattus rattus (black infected cats. In addition, tapeworms can rat) and 104 Rattus norvergicus (brown also be found around the anus of cats and rat) caught in Kuala Lumpur were positive in their faeces. Since a high percentage of with Taenia taeniaeformis (60%). In 2009, rats are infected with taeniasis, it may be Figure 1. Tapeworm Taenia taeniaeformis from the cyst in the liver of wild rat 22 VOLUME 7 NO. 1 JANUARY 2016 MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH useful to check faecal samples of domestic REFERENCES cats in the vicinity for tapeworm eggs. 1. Combes C. (2001). Parasitism: the ecology and evolution Faecal floatation technique is conducted of intimate interactions. University of Chicago Press Ltd in order to identify either the segmented 2. Mehlhorn H. and Aspock H. (2008). 3rd Edition. Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Berlin: Springer. proglottids or eggs in the faecal samples. 3. Mohd Zain S., Behnke J. and Lewis J. (2012). Helminth The positive faecal floatation analysis communities from two urban rat populations in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Parasites & Vectors, 5(1):47. would show either spherical eggs with a 4. Paramasvaran S., Sani R.A., Hassa L., Hanjeet Kaur, diameter of 31 µm to 36 µm or the shedding Krishnasamy M., John Jeffery, Santhana Raj, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali and Lim Kuang Hock. (2009) Endo- of segment in the faecal samples. parasite fauna of rodents caught in five wet markets in The infected cats could be treated Kuala Lumpur and its potential zoonotic implications. Tropical Biomedicine 26(1): 67-72 by several prescribed drugs. Cestex, also 5. Premaalatha B., Nurulaini R., Zawida Z., Nor Akmar I., known as epsiprantel, is a specific drug Imelda Lynn V., Adnan M., Zaini C., Jamnah O., Tan L., Zainab Z., Khoo L., Chandrawathani P. and Ramlan M. used to get rid of the Taenia taeniaeformis (2010). A Survey of Bacterial and Parasitic Infections of in infected cats. It immediately removes Rats Caught In the Veterinary Research Institute (VRI) Ipoh. Malaysia Journal of Veterinary Research (MJVR) the tapeworms in the gastrointestinal tract 1(1):45-50. as this drug persists within the tract and 6. Rodraguez-Vivas R., Panti-May J., Parada-Lapez J., Hernandez-Betancourt S. and Ruiz Pia H. (2011). The has minimal rate of being digested. Besides occurrence of the larval cestode Cysticercus fasciolaris that, praziquantel is widely used in killing in rodent populations from the Cuxtal ecological reserve, Yucatan, Mexico. Journal of Helminthology, 85(4):458- of wide range of tapeworms. Animals 461. infected by Taenia taeniaeformis, even the 7. Thomas H. and Gonnert R. (1977). The efficacy of praziquantel against cestodes in animals. Z. F. wild rats, could be treated effectively by a Parasitenkunde 52(2):117-127. single dose of praziquantel (Thomas and Gonnert, 1977). 23 .
Recommended publications
  • Specific Status of Echinococcus Canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) Inferred from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene Sequences

    Specific Status of Echinococcus Canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) Inferred from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene Sequences

    Accepted Manuscript Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences Tetsuya Yanagida, Antti Lavikainen, Eric P. Hoberg, Sergey Konyaev, Akira Ito, Marcello Otake Sato, Vladimir A. Zaikov, Kimberlee Beckmen, Minoru Nakao PII: S0020-7519(17)30212-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.07.001 Reference: PARA 3980 To appear in: International Journal for Parasitology Received Date: 20 January 2017 Revised Date: 27 June 2017 Accepted Date: 3 July 2017 Please cite this article as: Yanagida, T., Lavikainen, A., Hoberg, E.P., Konyaev, S., Ito, A., Otake Sato, M., Zaikov, V.A., Beckmen, K., Nakao, M., Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences, International Journal for Parasitology (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.07.001 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Specific status of Echinococcus canadensis (Cestoda: Taeniidae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences Tetsuya Yanagidaa,*, Antti Lavikainenb, Eric P. Hobergc, Sergey Konyaevd, Akira
  • Echinococcus Canadensis G8 Tapeworm Infection in a Sheep, China, 2018

    Echinococcus Canadensis G8 Tapeworm Infection in a Sheep, China, 2018

    Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2507.181585 Echinococcus canadensis G8 Tapeworm Infection in a Sheep, China, 2018 Appendix Appendix Table. The host range and geographic distribution of Echinococcus canadensis tapeworm, 1992–2018 Definitive Genotype hosts Intermediate hosts Geographic distribution References E. canadensis Dog, wolf Camel, pig, cattle, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Tunisia, Algeria, (1–15) G6/7 goat, sheep, Libya, Namibia, Mauritania, Ghana, Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, reindeer Somalia, Kenya, South Africa, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Ukraine, Czechia, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Serbia, Russia, Vatican City State, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovakia, France, Lithuania, Italy, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia E. canadensis Wolf Moose, elk, muskox, America, Canada, Estonia, Latvia, Russia, China G8 mule deer, sheep E. canadensis Dog, wolf Moose, elk, Finland, Mongolia, America, Canada, Estonia, Latvia, G10 reindeer, mule deer, Sweden, Russia, China yak References 1. Moks E, Jõgisalu I, Valdmann H, Saarma U. First report of Echinococcus granulosus G8 in Eurasia and a reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of ‘genotypes’ G5-G10. Parasitology. 2008;135:647–54. PubMed http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182008004198 2. Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Ito A. Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int J Parasitol. 2013;43:1017–29. PubMed http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.002 3. Thompson RCA. Biology and systematics of Echinococcus. In: Thompson RCA, Deplazes P, Lymbery AJ, editors. Advanced parasitology. Vol. 95. San Diego: Elsevier Academic Press Inc.; 2017. p. 65–110. Page 1 of 5 4. Ito A, Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Hoberg E.
  • Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia Pisiformis

    Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia Pisiformis

    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of the Larval and Adult Stages of Taenia pisiformis Shaohua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; [email protected]; Tel.: +86-931-8342837 Received: 19 May 2019; Accepted: 1 July 2019; Published: 4 July 2019 Abstract: Taenia pisiformis is a tapeworm causing economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry worldwide. Due to the absence of genomic data, our knowledge on the developmental process of T. pisiformis is still inadequate. In this study, to better characterize differential and specific genes and pathways associated with the parasite developments, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the larval stage (TpM) and the adult stage (TpA) of T. pisiformis was performed by Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and de novo analysis. In total, 68,588 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 789 nucleotides (nt) and N50 of 1485 nt. Further, we identified 4093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TpA versus TpM, of which 3186 DEGs were upregulated and 907 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most DEGs involved in metabolic processes and Wnt signaling pathway were much more active in the TpA stage. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validated that the expression levels of the selected 10 DEGs were consistent with those in RNA-seq, indicating that the transcriptomic data are reliable. The present study provides comparative transcriptomic data concerning two developmental stages of T.
  • Echinococcus Granulosus (Taeniidae) and Autochthonous Echinococcosis in a North American Horse

    Echinococcus Granulosus (Taeniidae) and Autochthonous Echinococcosis in a North American Horse

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 2-1994 Echinococcus granulosus (Taeniidae) and Autochthonous Echinococcosis in a North American Horse Eric P. Hoberg United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, [email protected] S. Miller Maryland Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Laboratory M. A. Brown Middletown, Maryland Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Hoberg, Eric P.; Miller, S.; and Brown, M. A., "Echinococcus granulosus (Taeniidae) and Autochthonous Echinococcosis in a North American Horse" (1994). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 604. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/604 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. RESEARCH NOTES J. Parasitol.. 80(1).1994. p. 141-144 © American Society of Parasitologjsts 1994 Echinococcus granulosus (Taeniidae) and Autochthonous Echinococcosis in a North American Horse E. P. Hoberg, S. Miller·, and M. A. Brownt, United States Department of Agriculture. Agricultural Research Service. Biosystematic Parasitology Laboratory. BARC East No. 1180, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville. Maryland 20705; ·Maryland Department of Agriculture, Animal Health Laboratory, P.O. Box 1234, Montevue Lane, Frederick, Maryland 21702; and t1631 Mountain Church Road, Middletown, Maryland 21769 ABSTRAcr: We report the first documented case of fluid and contained typical protoscoliees that ap­ autochthonous echinococcosis in a horse of North peared to be viable (Figs.
  • Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2

    Clinical Cysticercosis: Diagnosis and Treatment 11 2

    WHO/FAO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, prevention and control of taeniosis/cysticercosis Editor: K.D. Murrell Associate Editors: P. Dorny A. Flisser S. Geerts N.C. Kyvsgaard D.P. McManus T.E. Nash Z.S. Pawlowski • Etiology • Taeniosis in humans • Cysticercosis in animals and humans • Biology and systematics • Epidemiology and geographical distribution • Diagnosis and treatment in humans • Detection in cattle and swine • Surveillance • Prevention • Control • Methods All OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health) publications are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The designations and denominations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the OIE concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by the OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. –––––––––– The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the World Health Organization or the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
  • Specific Identification of a Taeniid Cestode from Snow Leopard, Uncia Uncia Schreber, 1776 (Felidae) in Mongolia

    Specific Identification of a Taeniid Cestode from Snow Leopard, Uncia Uncia Schreber, 1776 (Felidae) in Mongolia

    Mongolian .Jo~lrnalofBiological Sciences 2003 &)I. ](I): 21-25 Specific Identification of a Taeniid Cestode from Snow Leopard, Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776 (Felidae) in Mongolia Sumiya Ganzorig*?**,Yuzaburo Oku**, Munehiro Okamoto***, and Masao Kamiya** *Department ofZoolopy, Faculty of Biology, National University of Mongol~a,Ulaanbaatar 21 0646, Mongolia **Laboratory of'Parasitology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkardo University, Sapporo 060- 0818, Japan e-mail: sganzorig(4yahoo.com ***Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8533, Japan Abstract An unknown taeniid cestode, resembling Taenia hydatigena, was recovered from a snow leopard, Uncia uncia in Mongolia. Morphology and nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial cytochromec oxidase subunit 1gene (mt DNA COI) ofthe cestode found was examined. The cestode is differed from T hydatigena both morphologically and genetically. The differences between two species were in the gross length, different number of testes, presence of vaginal sphincter and in egg size. The nucleotide sequence of this cestode differed from that of 7: hydatigena at 34 of the 384 (8.6%) nucleotide positions examined. The present cestode is very close to 7: kotlani in morphology and size of rostellar hooks. However, the adult stages of the latter species are unknown, and further comparison was unfeasible. Key words: Mongolia, snow leopard, Taenia, taxonomy, mt DNA, cestode, Taeniidae Introduction the use of more than one character for specific identification (Edwards & Herbert, 198 1 ). The snow leopard, Uncia uncia Schreber, 1776 Identification based on hook morphology and (Felidae) is an endangered species within Mongolia measurements are difficult because of overlap in and throughout its range. It is listed in the IUCN the hook lengths between different species.
  • Esox Lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary

    Esox Lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary

    Northern Pike (Esox lucius) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2019 Web Version, 8/26/2019 Photo: Ryan Hagerty/USFWS. Public Domain – Government Work. Available: https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/digital/collection/natdiglib/id/26990/rec/22. (February 1, 2019). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Circumpolar in fresh water. North America: Atlantic, Arctic, Pacific, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River basins from Labrador to Alaska and south to Pennsylvania and Nebraska, USA [Page and Burr 2011]. Eurasia: Caspian, Black, Baltic, White, Barents, Arctic, North and Aral Seas and Atlantic basins, southwest to Adour drainage; Mediterranean basin in Rhône drainage and northern Italy. Widely distributed in central Asia and Siberia easward [sic] to Anadyr drainage (Bering Sea basin). Historically absent from Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean France, central Italy, southern and western Greece, eastern Adriatic basin, Iceland, western Norway and northern Scotland.” Froese and Pauly (2019a) list Esox lucius as native in Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Monaco, 1 Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ukraine, Canada, and the United States (including Alaska). From Froese and Pauly (2019a): “Occurs in Erqishi river and Ulungur lake [in China].” “Known from the Selenge drainage [in Mongolia] [Kottelat 2006].” “[In Turkey:] Known from the European Black Sea watersheds, Anatolian Black Sea watersheds, Central and Western Anatolian lake watersheds, and Gulf watersheds (Firat Nehri, Dicle Nehri).
  • TAENIA SOLIUM TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS REPORT of a STAKEHOLDER MEETING Geneva, 17–18 December 2015

    TAENIA SOLIUM TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS REPORT of a STAKEHOLDER MEETING Geneva, 17–18 December 2015

    TAENIA SOLIUM TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS REPORT OF A STAKEHOLDER MEETING Geneva, 17–18 December 2015 Cover_Taeniasis_diagnostic_tools.indd 1 19/05/2016 13:10:59 Photo cover: Véronique Dermauw Cover_Taeniasis_diagnostic_tools.indd 2 19/05/2016 13:10:59 TAENIA SOLIUM TAENIASIS/CYSTICERCOSIS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS REPORT OF A STAKEHOLDER MEETING Geneva, 17–18 December 2015 TTaeniasis_diagnostic_tools.inddaeniasis_diagnostic_tools.indd 1 119/05/20169/05/2016 113:09:553:09:55 WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Taenia Solium Taeniasis/cysticercosis diagnostic tools. Report of a stakeholder meeting, Geneva, 17–18 December 2015 I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 1510151 6 Subject headings are available from WHO institutional repository © World Health Organization 2016 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribu- tion –should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/ index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
  • Cestex ® (Epsiprantel)

    Cestex ® (Epsiprantel)

    FPO 2D 40027642 ® (epsiprantel) weight; dogs, 2.5 mg/lb of body weight. The following table may be ® used as a guide: Dosage Schedule (epsiprantel) Feline Body Weight Dose Seven weeks old Veterinary Tablets up to 10 lb 12.5 mg 11–20 lb 25.0 mg Cestex (epsiprantel) tablets are indicated for the removal of tapeworms Canine in the cat (Dipylidium caninum and Taenia taeniaeformis) and dog Body Weight Dose (Dipylidium caninum and Taenia pisiformis). Seven weeks old up to 5 lb 12.5 mg CAUTION: Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of 6–10 lb 25.0 mg a licensed veterinarian. 11–20 lb 50.0 mg DESCRIPTION: Cestex tablets are film-coated and contain 12.5 mg, 21–40 lb 100.0 mg 25 mg, 50 mg or 100 mg of epsiprantel per tablet. 41–50 lb 125.0 mg Epsiprantel is an anthelmintic that is active as a single dose against 51–60 lb 150.0 mg the common tapeworms of cats and dogs. Epsiprantel has a molecular 61–80 lb 200.0 mg weight of 326 and is chemically 2-(cyclohexyl-carbonyl)-4-oxo 1,2,3,4, 81–90 lb 225.0 mg 6,7,8,12b-octahydro pyrazino[2,1-a][2]benza-zepine. It is a stable white 91–100 lb 250.0 mg solid which is sparingly soluble in water. Its chemical structure is pre- 101+ lb 2.5 mg/lb, rounding up to next whole sented below. tablet combination Fasting is not necessary or recommended.
  • Tapeworms of Chickens and Turkeys

    Tapeworms of Chickens and Turkeys

    484 Tapeworms of Chickens and Turkeys J. L. GARDINER AT LEAST ten different species of intestine immediately behind the giz- tapeworms may exist in chickens in zard) as the site of its activities. It is the United States. About a dozen one of the smallest species infesting species are found in turkeys and a half poultry and can be seen only by careful dozen, in ducks. Geese, guinea fowl, examination. Mature worms are about peafowl, and pigeons also harbor a one-sixth inch long and consist usually few species. of two to five segments, although there The total number of kinds of tape- may be as many as nine. worms infesting American poultry is Poultry kept in damp areas are most smaller than the figures might indi- likely to harbor the small chicken cate, however, because in most in- tapeworm, which is understandable stances a given species lives in more enough, as its intermediate hosts are than one kind of host. Tapeworms of several kinds of snails and slugs. poultry are less important than round- The small chicken tapeworm occa- worms or protozoans. Nevertheless, sionally occurs in turkeys, which also should any of them be present in play host to another species of the same sufficient numbers, particularly in genus, Davainea meleagridis. Neither has young birds, they will make their been reported as doing any harm to presence felt—to the detriment of both turkeys. the bird and its owner. The nodular tapeworm, Raillietina Tapeworms are parasites in the true echinobothrida, is one of the largest sense. Most of the creatures that we of poultry tapeworms.
  • Robert Lloyd Rausch—A Life in Nature and Field Biology, 1921–2012 Eric P

    Robert Lloyd Rausch—A Life in Nature and Field Biology, 1921–2012 Eric P

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Laboratory of Parasitology 2014 In Memoriam: Robert Lloyd Rausch—A Life in Nature and Field Biology, 1921–2012 Eric P. Hoberg United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Biology Commons, Higher Education Commons, Parasitology Commons, and the Science and Mathematics Education Commons Hoberg, Eric P., "In Memoriam: Robert Lloyd Rausch—A Life in Nature and Field Biology, 1921–2012" (2014). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 800. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/800 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Hoberg in Journal of Parasitology (2014) 100(4): 547-552. This article is a U.S. government work and is not subject to copyright in the United States. J. Parasitol., 100(4), 2014, pp. 547–552 Ó American Society of Parasitologists 2014 IN MEMORIAM Robert Lloyd Rausch—A Life in Nature and Field Biology 1921–2012 ‘‘For myself, I express gratitude for the opportunity to investigate some given ecosystem of which he is part must be a fundamental attribute of zoonotic diseases on the arctic coast. I received as well the kind man’’ (Rausch, 1985).
  • Epidemiology of Taenia Saginata Taeniosis/Cysticercosis

    Epidemiology of Taenia Saginata Taeniosis/Cysticercosis

    Braae et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:518 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3079-y REVIEW Open Access Epidemiology of Taenia saginata taeniosis/ cysticercosis: a systematic review of the distribution in the Americas Uffe Christian Braae1* , Lian F. Thomas2,3, Lucy J. Robertson4, Veronique Dermauw5, Pierre Dorny5,6, Arve Lee Willingham1, Anastasios Saratsis7 and Brecht Devleesschauwer8,9 Abstract Background: The distribution of Taenia saginata in the Americas is unclear. Establishing the distribution, economic burden, and potentials for control of bovine cysticercosis is increasingly important due to the growing demand for beef. This paper aims to take the first step and reviews the recent distribution of T. saginata taeniosis and bovine cysticercosis on a national level within the Americas. Methods: We undertook a systematic review of published and grey literature for information on the occurrence, prevalence, and geographical distribution of bovine cysticercosis and human taeniosis in the 54 countries and territories of the Americas between January 1st, 1990 and December 31st, 2017. Data on bovine cysticercosis from OIE reports from 1994 to 2005 were also included. Results: We identified 66 papers from the Americas with data on the occurrence of taeniosis or bovine cysticercosis and an additional 19 OIE country reports on bovine cysticercosis. Taeniosis was reported from 13 countries, with nine of these countries reporting specifically T. saginata taeniosis, and four countries reporting non-species specific taeniosis. The reported prevalence of taeniosis ranged between 0.04–8.8%. Bovine cysticercosis was reported from 19 countries, nine identified through the literature search, and an additional 10 identified through the OIE country reports for notifiable diseases.