Food and Nutrition Security and Environmental Pollution: Taboo and Stigma
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Nutrition — Ph.D. 1
Nutrition — Ph.D. 1 NUTRITION — PH.D. Prerequisites • Master's degree in nutrition preferred; or an M.S. or M.P.H. degree Program director with completion of all prerequisite courses; or a health professional Sujatha Rajaram degree at the master's level or higher (M.D. or equivalent) • Advanced biochemistry (may be taken concurrently with the program) The Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in nutrition prepares students to • Anatomy and physiology, microbiology, general chemistry, and effectively conduct nutrition research as well as apply nutritional science organic chemistry knowledge and appropriate research methods to address public health problems. The program provide's an advanced curriculum in nutrition, • G.P.A. of 3.5 or higher preferred th professional skills, and competencies required to support careers in • GRE or equivalent (above the 40 percentile in each section is teaching and research. This program is uniquely situated in the School favorable) of Public Health at a health sciences university. The program engages in interdisciplinary research, encouraging collaboration across public Individuals who may benefit from the health disciplines and the basic sciences, promoting and building upon its core legacy of vegetarian and plant-based nutrition. Areas of curricular program strength and research emphasis include plant-based diets and the health Individuals seeking careers in: of the individual, populations and the planet, nutritional epidemiology, diet • Academia (teaching and research) and chronic disease-risk reduction, and community nutrition. • Researcher in private industry, governmental agencies, nonprofit Students enrolled in this program are able to concurrently complete organizations, or research institutes coursework and practice experience necessary to sit for the registered • Public health nutritionist dietitian nutritionist (RDN) exam if not already an RDN. -
The Practice of Epidemiology
The Practice of Epidemiology A Meta-Regression Method for Studying Etiologic Heterogeneity across Disease Subtypes Classified by Multiple Biomarkers Molin Wang, Aya Kuchiba, Shuji Ogino Correspondence to Molin Wang, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 677 Huntington Ave., Boston, Massachusetts (email: [email protected]) Abbreviations: CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; MPE, molecular pathological epidemiology; MSI, microsatellite instability; MSS, microsatellite stable; NHS, the Nurses’ Health Study; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; RRR, ratio of relative risk. We use standardized official symbol BRAF, which is described at www.genenames.org. Word count main abstract: 200 Word count text: 3615 N.Figures: 0 N.Tables: 2 Appendices: 0 1 Abstract In interdisciplinary biomedical, epidemiological, and population research, it is increasingly necessary to consider pathogenesis and inherent heterogeneity of any given health condition and outcome. As the unique disease principle implies, no single biomarker can perfectly define disease subtypes. The complex nature of molecular pathology and biology necessitates biostatistical methodologies to simultaneously analyze multiple biomarkers and subtypes. To analyze and test for heterogeneity hypothesis across subtypes defined by multiple categorical and/or ordinal markers, the authors developed a meta-regression method that can utilize existing statistical software for mixed model analysis. This method can be used to assess whether the exposure- subtype associations are different across subtypes defined by one marker while controlling for other markers, and to evaluate whether the difference in exposure- subtype association across subtypes defined by one marker depends on any other markers. -
Fomites and the Environment Did Not Have an Important Role in COVID-19 Transmission in a Brazilian Mid-Sized City
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fomites and the environment did not have an important role in COVID‑19 transmission in a Brazilian mid‑sized city Ana Luíza Silva Rocha1,5, Josilene Ramos Pinheiro1,2,5, Thamilin Costa Nakamura3, José Domingos Santos da Silva3, Beatriz Gonçalves Silva Rocha4, Raphael Contelli Klein1, Alexander Birbrair4* & Jaime Henrique Amorim1,2* It is not clear if COVID‑19 can be indirectly transmitted. It is not possible to conclude the role of the environment in transmission of SARS‑CoV‑2 without studying areas in which people transit in great numbers. In this work we aimed to better understand the role of environment in the spread of COVID‑19. We investigated the presence of SARS‑CoV‑2 in fomites as well as in the air and in the sewage using RT‑qPCR. We studied both, a reference market area and a COVID‑19 reference hospital at Barreiras city, Brazil. We collected and analyzed a total of 418 samples from mask fronts, cell phones, paper money, card machines, sewage, air and bedding during the ascendant phase of the epidemiological curve of COVID‑19 in Barreiras. As a result, we detected the human RNAse P gene in most of samples, which indicates the presence of human cells or their fragments in specimens. However, we did not detect any trace of SARS‑CoV‑2 in all samples analyzed. We conclude that, so far, the environment and inanimate materials did not have an important role in COVID‑19 transmission in Barreiras city. Therefore, similar results can probably be found in other cities, mainly those with COVID‑19 epidemiological scenarios similar to that of Barreiras city. -
Encouraging Healthy Lifestyle Practices to Protect Health from Environmental Pollution
Encouraging Healthy Lifestyle Practices to Protect Health from Environmental Pollution Dawn Brewer, PhD, RD, LD July 26, 2019 NIEHS Superfund Research Program (SRP) Purpose: The NIEHS SRP supports research that provides practical, scientific solutions to protect health, the environment and communities. Source: https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/srp/sites/www.cfm University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center (UK-SRC): Nutrition and Superfund Chemical Toxicity Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Exposure Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes Obesity Cancer Oxidative Suppression of the immune system damage Dysfunction of reproductive and nervous systems Source: Sci Total Environ. 2009 Dec 1; 407(24): 6109-6119 Source: http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pcb/ Kentucky Contains Hundreds of Hazardous Waste Sites and Contaminated Waterways • 13 National Priority List sites • 248 state superfund sites • 465 sites pending review • Fish consumption advisories for PCBs exist for Kentucky streams and the entire Ohio River that forms the northern border Source: https://www.kyforward.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Kentucky- Waterways-map.jpg Kentucky Experiences Poor Health Outcomes United Health Indicator Kentucky States Ranking Diabetes (%) 12.9 10.5 44 Heart disease (%) 6.2 3.9 49 Cancer deaths (per 100,000 population) 234.9 189.8 50 High blood pressure (%) 39.4 32.2 46 Obesity (%) 34.3 31.3 43 Source: America's Health Rankings analysis of CDC WONDER Online Database, Underlying Cause of Death, Multiple Cause of Death files, United Health Foundation, AmericasHealthRankings.org, Accessed 2019. Kentuckians Face Increased Vulnerability to Environmental Pollution • A growing and convincing body of research (including results from UK-SRC) indicates that nutrition may function as a modulator of vulnerability to environmental insults with nutrition serving to both better or worsen the health impacts associated with exposure to environmental toxins. -
Master of Public Health/Master of Science in Nutrition Dual Degree Proposal (Plan B, Non-Thesis Requiring) Document of December
Master of Public Health/Master of Science in Nutrition Dual Degree Proposal (Plan B, non-thesis requiring) Document of December 8, 2014; Revised February 2, 2015 This is a dual degree program that is offered jointly by the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Nutrition. The core Master Degree courses include a mixture of those from nutrition, biochemistry and public health. 1. Background and Justification The World Health Organization, (WHO), identifies diet and nutrition as a lifestyle factor critical for maintenance of health and well-being, as well as a factor influencing risk of chronic disease. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and obesity are examples of chronic diseases significantly related to diet and nutrition. Obesity is one of the most common conditions and is growing to epidemic proportions. The two most common associated co-morbidities of obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, are highly prevalent health risks and are among the principal causes of death in the general population. Additionally, in third world countries, malnutrition is a very common cause of infection or death, especially in young children. Accordingly, knowledge of the basic elements of good nutrition and the biochemical pathways associated with the metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate offers important contributions to mitigate these health problems. The proposed dual degree program will provide the student with a core understanding of the mechanics of metabolism combined with advanced courses in public health and nutrition. This combined approach will yield a highly qualified and competitive public health practitioner trained to develop evidence based policy, programs, strategies and advocacy to address these health risks and problems. -
Vitória Da Conquista Vitória Da Conquista Políticas Públicas
VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS TERRITÓRIO VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA TERRITÓRIO VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Aceleração dos fluxos econômicos e Juazeiro informacionais Poço Redondo Maior importância do Feira de mercado interno Santana Redistribuição da renda Maior pressão sobre a infraestrutura FIOL Limitações do poder FCA municipal PIL HIDROVIA S.F. Fonte: SEI/Seplan TERRITÓRIO VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA CARACTERIZAÇÃO . 24 municípios . População: 698.635mil habitantes . Densidade Populacional: 25,93 hab/km² (Bahia: 24,8 e Brasil: 22,4) . Área Total: 26.809,98 mil km² . Biomas: Semiárido, Mata Atlântica e Mata de Cipó (Vegetação intermediária) TERRITÓRIO VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA Fonte: Sedur, 2012 TAXA DE URBANIZAÇÃO Grau de urbanização Variação: Bahia 8% VC 22% Fonte: ZEE 2013 TERRITÓRIO VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA TERRITÓRIO VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA DA VITÓRIA TERRITÓRIO 2000/2010 E RURAL URBANA TOTAL, POPULAÇÃO DA ANUAL GEOMÉTRICO DECRESCIMENTO TAXA Anagé Aracatu Barra do Choça Belo Campo Bom Jesus da Serra Caetanos Cândido Sales Caraíbas Condeúba Cordeiros Encruzilhada Guajeru Jacaraci Licínio de Almeida Maetinga Mirante Mortugaba Piripá Planalto Poções Urbana Presidente Jânio Quadros Ribeirão do Largo Tremedal Rural Vitória da Conquista REGIÃO DE INFLUÊNCIA DAS CIDADES AÇÕES DE CONVIVÊNCIA COM A SECA • Barragens R$ 356,5 • Poços artesianos milhões • Cisternas para consumo e produção em acesso a • Sistemas de abast. de agua para consumo humano e animal • Limpeza de aguadas água • Abastecimento de agua com carro pipa -
Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in Human Nutrition
P000i-00xx 3/12/05 8:54 PM Page i Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition Second edition VITPR 3/12/05 16:50 Page ii WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements (1998 : Bangkok, Thailand). Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition : report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Bangkok, Thailand, 21–30 September 1998. 1.Vitamins — standards 2.Micronutrients — standards 3.Trace elements — standards 4.Deficiency diseases — diet therapy 5.Nutritional requirements I.Title. ISBN 92 4 154612 3 (LC/NLM Classification: QU 145) © World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2004 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from Market- ing and Dissemination, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 2476; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permis- sion to reproduce or translate WHO publications — whether for sale or for noncommercial distri- bution — should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: [email protected]), or to Chief, Publishing and Multimedia Service, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 00100 Rome, Italy. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Avaliação Histórica Da Expansão Agrícola Sobre O Cerrado No Município De Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia. Pablo Santana Sa
Avaliação histórica da expansão agrícola sobre o Cerrado no município de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia. Pablo Santana Santos1 José Carlos Neves Epiphanio2 1Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA/ICADS Rua Prof. José Seabra s/n - 47805-100 – Barreiras – BA, Brasil [email protected] 2Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE Caixa Postal 515 - 12245-970 - São José dos Campos - SP, Brasil [email protected] Abstract. The agriculture is very important for Brazilian economy, and its growth was very fast during the last decades. However, the fast growth of the agricultural sector has caused some negative impacts on the natural vegetation cover. This work aims to discuss the historical agricultural expansion of Luís Eduardo Magalhães (LEM) municipality located at the west part of Bahia State, Brazil, over the last 22 years (1984 to 2006). Also, it is analyzed the possible direct impacts caused by agricultural expansion over local vegetal coverage: the savanna. The values obtained for the agricultural area used pointed towards a fast growth of this sector in the county. The combination of these two factors (soils and relief) yielded a good environment for the establishment of agricultural activities in a commercial scale. The “agricultural polygons” generated presented different sizes and forms. Initially, agricultural area was 4.22%, growing up to the current figures of more than the half of the municipal area (54.46%). The direct impact caused by the fast agricultural expansion was the suppression of local vegetation coverage (Savanna). Such suppression was about 201,702.7ha, including the Permanent Preservation areas. The only Environmental Conservation Unit (APA) located in LEM revealed a great efficiency in the maintenance of the native vegetation. -
The Short Life of a Juvenile Neotropical Snake: a Record of Cannibalism in Philodryas Nattereri (Steindachner, 1870)
Herpetology Notes, volume 14: 843-846 (2021) (published online on 31 May 2021) The short life of a juvenile neotropical snake: a record of cannibalism in Philodryas nattereri (Steindachner, 1870) Alcéster Diego Coelho-Lima1,2,*, Dâmela Teixeira Cardoso2,3, and Daniel Cunha Passos1,4 Cannibalism, the consumption of conspecific known aspects of its natural history. Its generalist diet individuals, is a behaviour widely recorded among (Sales et al., 2020) includes primarily vertebrates, animals (e.g., Fox, 1975; Polis, 1981), with records mainly lizards (Vitt, 1980), but also anurans (Guedes in several groups, including invertebrates (Polis and et al., 2018), mammals (Mesquita et al., 2010), birds Farley, 1979; Baur, 1990), ray-finned fishes (Forney, (Mesquita et al., 2011), and snakes (Coelho-Lima 1976; Boldt et al., 2012), mammals (Bygott, 1972; et al., 2019). Nevertheless, up to now there was no Dorward, 2015), and reptiles (Bernarde and Abe, record of cannibalism for this species. In this report, 2010; Barros et al., 2011). Among snakes, cannibalism we describe the first case of P. nattereri preying a reports were historically considered opportunistic conspecific individual. events (e.g., Braz et al., 2006), commonly associated On 17 January 2018 at approximately 13:00 h, during with dietary generalists (Polis and Myers, 1985). fieldwork at Moita dos Porcos, Caetité Municipality, However, it has also been suggested that cannibalism Bahia State, northeastern Brazil (14.1581°S, in snakes has a high energy advantage for the cannibal 42.5172°W, elevation 1022 m), we collected a female (Cundall and Greene, 2000; Lourdais et al., 2005), a P. nattereri (snout–vent length, SVL = 831 mm; tail fact that can explain the relatively high frequency of length, TL = 328 mm, Fig. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Human Nutrition and Dietetics.............................................................................. 1 Human Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition is an exciting and expanding field. In fact, according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, this field is expected to grow at a faster rate compared to other careers. The study of Human Nutrition exemplifies the intricate relationships between diet, health, and disease. The Human Nutrition & Dietetics (HND) major is part of the School of Human Sciences and offers two specializations: Didactic Program in Dietetics (DPD); and Nutrition for Wellness (NW). Admission to the HND major follows general undergraduate admission requirements outlined in this catalog. Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Human Nutrition and Dietetics Degree Requirements Degree Requirements Credit Hours University Core Curriculum Requirements 39 Requirements for Major in Human Nutrition and Dietetics 32 PSYC 102, MATH 108, UNIV 101I 1 7 PLB 115/ZOOL 115 (3) CHEM 140A, CHEM 140B 2 (3)+5 PHIL 104 (3) MICR 201 4 QUAN 402, MATH 282, ABE 318, or PSYC 211 3-4 PHSL 201 and PHSL 208 4 HND 100, HND 101, HND 320, HND 356, HND 425, HND (2)+16 475, HND 485 Additional Requirements for Didactic Program in Dietetics Specialization 49 AH 105 2 HND 321, HND 400, HND 410, HND 470, HND 472, HND 16 480 HTA 156, HTA 206, HTA 360, HTA 373 11 2021-2022 Academic Catalog 1 Degree Requirements Credit Hours MKTG 304 3 PSYC 323 3 Electives 11 Additional Requirements for Nutrition for Wellness Specialization 49 AH 105 2 KIN 201 3 HTA 206 (1) HED 311, HED 312 6 HND 321, HND 410, HND 445, HND 495 12 Approved Electives 25 Total 120 1 The numbers in parentheses are counted as part of the 39-hour University Core Curriculum. -
Formação Territorial De Cachoeira E São Félix-Ba: a Geomorfologia Como Processo Condicionante
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia: Edições UESB FORMAÇÃO TERRITORIAL DE CACHOEIRA E SÃO FÉLIX-BA: A GEOMORFOLOGIA COMO PROCESSO CONDICIONANTE. Ana Acácia Ribeiro Silva. Mestranda em Geografia - UFMG [email protected] RESUMO Cachoeira e São Félix são pequenas cidades do Recôncavo Baiano que possuíram o processo de formação territorial ligado ao desenvolvimento do Brasil colônia, pois foram uns dos primeiros adensamentos urbanos a se estabelecerem no estado. Grande parte dos estudos desenvolvidos sobre a formação territorial da Bahia e consequentemente da cidade de Cachoeira levam em consideração, sobretudo os aspectos sociais e econômicos como condicionantes desse processo. Contudo o espaço geográfico é composto tanto de elementos naturais quanto humanos, neste sentido este artigo desenvolve um estudo à cerca da formação territorial de Cachoeira e São Félix, considerando tanto elementos físicos como os sociais, condicionantes desse processo. Para atingir os objetivos dessa pesquisa, foi necessário desenvolver um trabalho de teor geo-histórico, influenciando o resgate de documentos antigos, análises de mapas, croquis, e tantos outros elementos que fizessem compreender o espaço de outrora e só assim relacioná-los com os elementos naturais presentes no local. Os resultados nos mostram que a geomorfologia teve papel importante no cenário de formação territorial das cidades de Cachoeira e São Félix até meados do século XIX. Palavras chave: Cachoeira-Ba. São Félix-Ba. Formação Territorial. Geomorfologia. INTRODUÇÃO A Bahia constitui o maior estado da região nordeste do Brasil e possui grande importância cultural, turística e econômica, pois foi onde se deu início o processo de colonização brasileira. -
2. Genetically Modified Food Crops and Their Contribution to Human
Trends in Food Science & Technology 14 (2003) 191–209 2. Genetically modified food classical nutrient deficiencies, although over-consump- crops and their tion is a problem for some. Also in relatively wealthy countries there is, in general, good access to affordable medical care to meet health needs and most consumers contribution to in rich countries have access to a relatively inexpensive supply of safe and healthy food. In these settings, the human nutrition possibility that biotechnology might reduce the price of food or make food more beneficial to health is a rela- tively minor concern. Rather, public debate about and food quality genetically modified foods (GMFs) appears to have focused on the potential for harm to either the environ- ment or health without a clear definition of benefit to the consumer. a The situation, of course, is quite different in poor Howarth E. Bouis *, Bruce countries where malnutrition and ill health are frequent. M. Chassyb and James Poor consumers typically spend 70% of their incomes c on food, and diets consist primarily of staple foods, O. Ochanda which lack the vitamins, minerals and, very likely, other food components necessary to sustain good health and minimise the risk of adult onset diet-related chronic diseases. In addition, low incomes typically preclude the poor from access to adequate health care. aInternational Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K There are three broad ways that biotechnology may Street, NW, Washington DC 20006 USA (fax: +1-202- benefit consumers in developing countries. First, bio- 467-4439; e-mail: [email protected]) technology offers a powerful, new tool to improve crop bBiotechnology Center, University of Illinois at productivity, both by making conventional breeding Urbana-Champaign, 238 NSRC, 1101 West Peabody faster and more efficient and, more controversially, by Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA the insertion of novel genes in a crop species, by use of cDeparment of Biochemistry, College of Biological & transgenic methods.