A preliminary report on Plant Diversity Assessment in selected forest villages
of Gaya district, Bihar & Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand
For Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. A Govt. of India (Ministry of Railways) Enterprise
By Government of India Botanical Survey of India Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change CGO Complex, Salt Lake City Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India A preliminary report on Plant Diversity Assessment in selected forest villages
of Gaya district, Bihar & Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand
For Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. A Govt. of India (Ministry of Railways) Enterprise
Field Survey and Documentation Team Dr. Basant Kumar Singh & Sri Anand Kumar
By Government of India Botanical Survey of India Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change CGO Complex, Salt Lake City Kolkata - 700 064, West Bengal, India *lTCc! 7TW 5R @ e ! T O ) Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. itee tblfteY? A Ctont. si India (Ministry of Railways} Enltrprisa
No.HQ/SEMU/EC/Forest/Koderma detour /2015 Dated: 06.01.2016
Director, Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, 3rd Floor, MSO Building Block-F (S1*1 & 6th Floor), DF Block, Sector-? Sait Lake City, Kolkata-700064
Sub: Biodiversity Assessment of “Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary” in Hazaribagh and Gaya District.
As you may be aware that Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India (DFCCIL) is a Special Purpose Vehicle set up under the administrative control of Ministry of Railways to undertake planning & development, mobilization of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the Dedicated Freight Corridors. The Eastern Corridor, starting from Ludhiana in Punjab will pass through the state of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and terminate at Dankuni in West Bengal. Work in Kanpur -- Khurja - Mughaisarai - Sonnagar section has already started. The progress of work is monitored regularly upto the level of PMO.
Approx 15 km of the proposed Koderma detour under the Eastern Dedicated Freight Project in Hazaribagh (Jharkhand) district (viilages Menukhar, Garmorwa, Bukar and Khairataand) and Gaya (Bihar) district (villages Mcrchak, Dibcbasera, Same, Jhurang, Harakurha, Regaini, Tegaini Bagai, Tuntiu, Taro, Rui dhamna, Aiaxhaina and Kathotiya Kewai) is passing though core area and buffer zone of the “Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary". For the submission of Wildlife proposal of the project, DFCCIL needs to enclose the "Biodiversity Assessment Report" of the "Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary" of the above mentioned villages. The details of the villages under sanctuary are enclosed herewith.
It is assured that the Biodiversity Assessment, report and other information provided by your esteem institution will not be used anywhere except for the submission of the wildlife proposal, it will not be reproduced or published in other research publication.
DFCCIL is a time bound national project of Ministry of Railways and is listed in the priority agenda of Hon’ble Prime Minister’s Office. Therefore, it is requested to prepare the Biodiversity Assessment report of the "Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary” at earliest. The required charges, if any for the preparation of Biodiversity Assessment report may kindly be intimated.
DA: As above
(Mukesh Kumar Jain} General Manager/LA & SEMU/EC Copy to :
Chief Project Manager/Kolkata, 18/N (Ground Floor, Block A, New Aiipore, Kolkata - 700053 (email - [email protected]. Mob -1)9007041120).
Rsgd. & Corporate Office : 5th FSoor, Prayati Maidan Metro Station Building Complex, New Daihi-110001 Tel.: +91-11-23454700, Fax: 011-23454701, W eb:www.dfcdl.gov.in CIN : U 60232Dl.2008<301155068 1. Introduction
Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Ltd. (DFCCIL) is undertaking planning, development, mobilization of financial resources and construction, maintenance and operation of the Eastern Corridor, starting from Ludhiana in Punjab and will pass through the states of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and terminate at Dankuni, West Bengal covering total distance of 1856 km. Out of 1856 km, total distance of 239 km will pass through Bihar and of 196 km will pass through Jharkhand. It is a projected to cater to a number of traffic streams — coal for the power plants in the northern region of U.P., Delhi, Haryana, Punjab and parts of Rajasthan from the Eastern coal fields; finished steel, food grains, cement, fertilizers, lime stone from Rajasthan to steel plants in the east and general goods (http://www.dfccil.gov.in/ dfccil_app/Eastern_Corridor. jsp).
The Biodiversity Assessment (particularly in Flora parts) of 17 forest villages lying inside and around the Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary (GBWLS) where the Eastern Corridor will pass. The Corporation requested Botanical Survey of India to submit plant diversity assessment report of the area which is to be required for submission of the Wildlife proposal (as per DFCCIL request letter vide No. HQ/SEMU/EC/Forest/Koderma dated
06.01.2016). We are also thankful to the Chief Project Manager, Dedicated Freight Corridor
Map 1: DPR Phase II (Courtesy: R. K. Kedia, DFFCIL, Kolkata; Pers. Com.)
1 | Page Corporation of India Ltd., Kolkata [No. KKK/EN/LA/KQRdetour/Gaya forest/307/1537 dated 21.01.2016] for funding to undertake field tour and Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forest-cum-Chief Wildlife Warden, Bihar; Divisional Forest Officer, Gaya Forest Division, Gaya (Bihar) & Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, Wildlife and Chief Wildlife Warden, Jharkhand, for permission to explore the area.
A team of two scientific personnel Dr. Basant Kumar Singh & Sri Anand Kumar of Botanical Survey of India have visited the site from 1st February to 7th February, 2016.
2. Study area
The study was focused on 13 forest blocks (Alakhdiha, Bagai, Dibobasera, Dundu, Harakurha, Jhurang, Kathotiya Kewal, Mochrak, Regaini, Ruidhamna, Sarne, Taro & Tegaini) of Gaya district, Bihar and four forest blocks (Bukar, Garmorwa, Khairatand & Menukhar) of Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand. Among 13 forest blocks of Gaya district, three (Dibobasera, Mochrak & Sarne) lie in the Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary (GBWLS), Gaya district, Bihar covering
Map 2: Proposed Koderma Detour in between Koderma and Paharpur Railway Station (Courtesy: R. K. Kedia, DFCCIL, Kolkata; Per. Comm.) 2 | Page an area of 15.35 km2 and remaining 10 are adjacent to the Sanctuary. Similarly all the four forest blocks of Hazaribagh district lie in the Sanctuary covering an area of 22.67 km2. Approx 15 km of Koderma detour under the Eastern Dedicated Freight Project will pass through the Sanctuary.
m % * * — * i Gurpa^, AlakdihaAlakdihaGurp^, ^ Kathotiya Kebal
Jhuranc.. . . jj^ M o c h ra k
Dibobasera * ^ 2 r ‘ J Vc
Khairatand Be# . Menukhar Barachalti fAHll
X Kenduahi alias Oanua Garmorwa
Map 3: Location map of surveyed area (Courtesy: Satellite map: Google Earth)
3 | Page GBWLS was notified as a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1976. It is situated in Gaya district of Bihar and Hazaribagh & Chatra districts of Jharkhand. It lies between 24019' - 24031' N latitudes and 84059' - 85017' E longitudes. At present, it covers an area of 259.5 km2 of which 138.33 km2 in Bihar and remaining area of 121.14 km2 in Jharkhand. The forests of the study area fall under Northern tropical dry deciduous forest, which has been sub-classified into Dry peninsular Sal forest, Northern dry mixed deciduous forest, Dry deciduous scrub forest and Butea forest (Champion and Seth, 1968). The inhabitants inside the study area depend upon the forest resources such as food, medicines, shelters and other household purposes.
Table 1: Forest villages surveyed:
Sl. Name of Forestvillages Districts & States Latitude & Longitude No. Bihar
1. Alakhdiha Gaya 24°33'26.4"N 85°17'35.0"E
2. Bagai Gaya 24°30'51.6"N 85°16'41.0"E
3. Dibobasera GBWLS, Gaya 24°30'08.4"N 85°14'12.7"E
4. Dundu Gaya 24°32'00.9"N 85°16'40.0"E
5. Harakurha Gaya 24°31'29.7"N 85°14'18.1"E
6. Jhurang Gaya 24°31'04.9"N 85°13'36.2"E
7. Kathotiya Kewal Gaya 24°32'57.8"N 85°17'25.5"E
8. Mochrak GBWLS, Gaya 24°30'56.7"N 85°14'32.3"E
9. Regaini Gaya 24°30'47.2"N 85°15'47.3"E
4 | Page Sl. Name of Forestvillages Districts & States Latitude & Longitude No. 10. Ruidhamna Gaya 24°34'08.3"N 85°16'23.6"E
11. S arne GBWLS, Gaya 24°29'27.6"N 85°16'15.4"E
12. Taro Gaya 24°34'10.7"N 85°16'14.3"E
13. Tegaini Gaya 24°30'14.9"N 85°15'58.0"E
Jharkhand
14. Bukar GBWLS, Hazaribagh, 24°27'57.5"N 85°16'25.1"E
15. Garmorwa GBWLS, Hazaribagh 24°25'58.2"N 85°14'01.9"E
16. Khairatand GBWLS, Hazaribagh, 24°27'30.6"N 85°17'54.1"E
17. Menukhar GBWLS, Hazaribagh, 24°27'20.3"N 85°14'58.5"E
3. Materials and Method
Intensive survey has been undertaken from 1st February to 7th February, 2016 in study area. Plants in flowers and fruits were collected during explorations. Field details such as habitat, habit and height of the plant, colour and odour of the flowers and fruits, associated plants and distribution were noted in the field book. Plants in flowering and fruiting and different types of vegetation in the study area were photographed. The collected specimens were processed following
5 | Page standard herbarium techniques (Jain & Rao, 1977). Specimens were identified using regional floras and also compared with authentic specimens deposited at CAL. Monographs, revisions and more recent literature were referred to for critical identification and name updating. "Walk-in-the-wood" for in situ method of interviewing was adopted for ethno-botanical analysis for the better quality of result and reliable data (Thomas et al., 2007; Martin, 2008). The information recorded with the help of key informants in the study area includes vernacular name and traditional uses.
Rare, Threatened and Endangered (RET) plants available in the study area were recorded from "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (http://www.iucnredlist.org/) and a check list of plants is prepared accordingly.
Intensive survey in course of field tour to the study area
6 | Page Although, further study in different seasons is needed for detailed plant diversity assessment report.
FOREST BLOCK WISE INVENTORY OF PLANT SPECIES ARE PROVIDED BELOW Floral diversity of 13 forest blocks of Gaya district, Bihar ALAKHDIHA (24°33'26.4"N, 85o17'35.0"E) During a short period of visit to this area, the study relveals the occurrence of 88 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 43 species followed by shrubs (14), climbers (12), herbs (12) and lianas (3).
Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
5. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
6. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem
7. Balanites roxburghii Planch. Balanitaceae Igunia
8. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
9. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
10. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
11. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
12. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 13. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
14. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
7 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
15. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 16. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
17. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
18. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
19. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
20. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
21. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
22. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
23. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
24. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
25. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
26. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
27. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
28. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Rubiaceae Bhurkhund Mabb.
29. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
30. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
31. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
32. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 33. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
34. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
35. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
36. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
8 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
37. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 38. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
39. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
40. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
41. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
42. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
43. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
44. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
45. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
46. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
47. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
48. Dendrophthoefalcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
49. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
50. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex Apocynaceae Koraiya G.Don
51. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
52. Phoenix acaulis Roxb. Arecaceae Khajur
53. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
54. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
55. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Rhamnaceae Ber Wight & Arn. 56. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
9 | Page 57. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
58. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
59. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
60. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
61. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
62. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
63. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Datura
64. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 65. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
66. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
67. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
68. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
69. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
70. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
71. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
72. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Clim bers
73. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
74. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
75. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
76. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
10 | Page 77. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
78. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 79. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 80. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
81. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 82. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
83. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
84. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
85. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
86. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
87. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
88. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
BAGAI (24°30'51.6"N, 85°16'41.0"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 38 plant species including 2 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 18 species followed by herbs (9), shrubs (6), climbers (2) and liana (1).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
2. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
3. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Ghorkarand
4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
11 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
5. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem
6. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
7. Dalbergia sissoo DC. Leguminosae Seesham
8. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
9. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
10. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
11. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal
12. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
13. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 14. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Aam
15. Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Ghoorneem
16. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
17. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Jamun
18. Tamarindus indica L. Leguminosae Imli
Shrubs
19. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
20. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & Asteraceae Ayapan H.Rob. 21. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
22. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
23. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
12 | Page 24. Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth Tamaricaceae Jhau
Herbs
25. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
26. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
27. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
28. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
29. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 30. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 31. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
32. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
33. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
Liana
34. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
Climbers
35. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 36. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. Pteric ophytes
37. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
38. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
DIBOBASERA (24°30'08.4"N, 85°14'12.7"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 101 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 48 species followed by shrubs (16), climbers (15), herbs (12) and lianas (6).
13 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
5. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Leguminosae Safed Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
8. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
9. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
10. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
11. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
12. Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae Kajh
13. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 14. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
15. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
16. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 17. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
18. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Bixaceae Galglal
19. Cordia dichotoma G.Forst. Boraginaceae Bahuar
20. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
21. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
14 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
22. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
23. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
24. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
25. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
26. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal
27. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
28. Garuga pinnata Roxb. Burseraceae Kekar
29. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
30. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
31. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) M. Rutaceae Gair Roem. 32. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
33. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
34. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
35. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
36. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 37. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
38. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
39. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
40. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
41. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 42. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
43. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
15 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
44. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
45. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
46. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
47. Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Harre
48. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shru bs
49. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
50. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
51. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
52. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
53. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
54. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
55. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
56. L antana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
57. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
58. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
59. R icinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
60. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
61. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
62. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 63. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
64. Z iziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
16 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Herbs
65. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
66. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
67. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
68. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
69. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
70. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 71. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 72. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
73. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
74. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
75. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
76. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
77. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
78. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
79. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
80. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
81. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
82. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
83. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
17 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
84. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
85. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
86. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C.Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Guraichi
87. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
88. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
89. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 90. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
91. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 92. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
93. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 94. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
95. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
96. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
97. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
98. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
99. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
100. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
101. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
18 | Page DUNDU (24°32'00.9"N, 85°16'40.0"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 65 plant species including 3 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 29 species followed by shrubs (12), climbers (10), herbs (8) and lianas (3).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
5. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
6. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
7. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 8. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
9. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
10. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
11. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
12. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
13. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
14. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
15. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
16. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
17. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
18. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
19 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
19. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
20. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 21. Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Ghoorneem
22. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
23. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
24. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae Karanj
25. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
26. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 27. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
28. Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae Amra
29. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
Shrubs
30. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
31. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
32. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
33. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & Asteraceae Ayapan H.Rob. 34. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
35. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
36. Dendrophthoefalcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
37. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
38. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
39. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
20 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
40. Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth Tamaricaceae Jhau
41. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
Herbs
42. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
43. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
44. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
45. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
46. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 47. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
48. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
49. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
Lianas
50. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Lephura
51. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
52. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
53. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
54. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
55. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
56. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
57. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
58. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida
21 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
59. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
60. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 61. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
62. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
Pteric ophytes
63. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
64. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
65. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
HARAKURHA (24°31'29.7"N, 85°14'18.1"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 43 plant species. Trees were the most dominant with 22 species followed by herbs (10), climbers (6) and shrubs (5). Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
3. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Ghorkarand
4. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
5. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem
6. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
7. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
22 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
8. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 9. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
10. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
11. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
12. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
13. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
14. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
15. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
16. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
17. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
18. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
19. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 20. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
21. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
22. Tamarindus indica L. Leguminosae Imli
Shrubs
23. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
24. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
25. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
26. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
27. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
23 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Herbs
28. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
29. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
30. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
31. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
32. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 33. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 34. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
35. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
36. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
37. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
Climbers
38. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
39. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
40. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 41. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 42. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
43. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
JHURANG (24°31'04.9"N, 85°13'36.2"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 60 plant species including 3 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 28 species followed by shrubs (15), herbs (8), climbers (5) and liana (1).
24 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
3. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
5. Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. Leguminosae Safed Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem
8. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
9. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
10. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
11. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
12. Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae Kajh
13. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 14. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
15. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
16. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
17. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
18. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal
19. Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight Sterculiaceae Kenjhi, Galagal
20. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
21. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
25 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
22. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Rubiaceae Bhurkhund Mabb.
23. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
24. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
25. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 26. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. Sapindaceae Kusum
27. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
28. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
Shrubs
29. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
30. Capparis sepiaria L. Capparaceae Kuhil
31. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
32. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
33. Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth. Celastraceae Guraich
34. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
35. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
36. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
37. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
38. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
39. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
40. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
41. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 42. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
26 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
43. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
44. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
45. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
46. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
47. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 48. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
49. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
50. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
51. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
Liana
52. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
53. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
54. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
55. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 56. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
57. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
Pteridophytes
58. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
59. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
60. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
27 | Page KATHOTIYA KEWAL (24°32'57.8"N, 85°17'25.5"E) The study relveals the occurrence of 100 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 47 species followed by shrubs (16), climbers (15), herbs (12) and lianas (6).
Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
5. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem
8. Balanites roxburghii Planch. Balanitaceae Igunia
9. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
10. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
11. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
12. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
13. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 14. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
15. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
16. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Celastraceae Ratangarur
17. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 18. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
28 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
19. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
20. Dalbergia sissoo DC. Leguminosae Seesham
21. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
22. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
23. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
24. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
25. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
26. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal
27. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
28. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
29. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
30. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
31. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
32. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
33. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
34. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
35. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 36. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
37. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
38. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
39. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae Karanj
40. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
41. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby
29 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
42. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
43. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
44. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
45. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
46. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
47. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
48. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
49. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
50. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
51. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
52. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
53. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
54. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
55. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
56. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
57. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
58. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
59. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
60. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
61. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 62. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
63. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
30 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
Herbs
64. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
65. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
66. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
67. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
68. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
69. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 70. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 71. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
72. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
73. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
74. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
75. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
76. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
77. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
78. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
79. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
80. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
81. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
82. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
31 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
83. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
84. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
85. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C.Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Guraichi
86. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
87. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
88. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 89. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
90. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 91. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
92. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 93. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
94. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
95. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
96. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
97. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
98. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
99. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
100. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
MOCHRAK (24°30'56.7"N, 85°14'32.3"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 78 plant species including 2 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 35 species followed by herbs (13), shrubs (13), climbers (11) and lianas (4).
32 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
5. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
8. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
9. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
10. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
11. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 12. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
13. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 14. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
15. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
16. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
17. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
18. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
19. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
20. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
33 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
21. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
22. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
23. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) M. Rutaceae Gair Roem. 24. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
25. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
26. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
27. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
28. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 29. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
30. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae Karanj
31. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
32. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 33. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
34. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
35. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
Shrubs
36. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
37. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
38. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
39. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
40. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
41. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
34 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
42. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
43. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
44. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
45. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
46. Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth Tamaricaceae Jhau
47. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
48. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
Herbs
49. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
50. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
51. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
52. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
53. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
54. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 55. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Datura
56. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 57. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
58. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
59. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
60. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
61. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
35 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Lianas
62. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
63. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
64. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
65. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
66. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
67. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
68. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 69. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
70. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 71. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
72. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 73. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
74. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
75. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
76. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
77. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
78. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
36 | Page REGAINI (24°30'47.2"N, 85°15'47.3ME)
The study relveals the occurrence of 36 plant species including 2 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 17 species followed by shrubs (6), climbers (5), lianas (4) and herbs (2).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
3. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
4. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
5. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Celastraceae Ratangarur
6. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
7. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
8. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
9. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
10. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) M. Rutaceae Gair Roem. 11. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
12. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
13. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
14. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 15. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
16. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
17. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
37 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Shrubs
18. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
19. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
20. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
21. Dendrophthoefalcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
22. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
23. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
Herbs
24. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
25. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
26. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
27. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
28. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
29. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
30. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
31. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
32. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
33. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
34. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
38 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Pteridophytes
35. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
36. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
RUIDHAMNA (24°34'08.3"N, 85°16'23.6"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 11 plant species. Trees were the most dominant with 8 species followed by shrubs (2) and liana (1).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
2. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
3. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
4. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
5. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
6. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
7. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 8. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
Shrubs
9. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
10. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
39 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Liana
11. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
SARNE (24°29'27.6"N, 85°16'15.4"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 116 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 52 species followed by shrubs (24), climbers (15), herbs (14) and lianas (7). Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
5. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Azadirachta indica A.Juss. Meliaceae Neem
8. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
9. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
10. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
11. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
12. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 13. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
14. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
40 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
15. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Celastraceae Ratangarur
16. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 17. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
18. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Bixaceae Galglal
19. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
20. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
21. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
22. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
23. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
24. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
25. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
26. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
27. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
28. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) M. Rutaceae Gair Roem. 29. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
30. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
31. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
32. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
33. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 34. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Aam
35. Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Ghoorneem
36. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
41 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
37. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
38. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
39. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae Karanj
40. Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Merr. Sapindaceae Kusum
41. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
42. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 43. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
44. Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz Anacardiaceae Amra
45. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
46. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Jamun
47. Tamarindus indica L. Leguminosae Imli
48. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
49. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
50. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
51. Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae Harre
52. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
53. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
54. Capparis sepiaria L. Capparaceae Kuhil
55. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
56. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
57. Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & Asteraceae Ayapan H.Rob.
42 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
58. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
59. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
60. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
61. Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth. Celastraceae Guraich
62. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
63. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
64. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
65. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
66. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
67. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
68. Phoenix acaulis Roxb. Arecaceae Khajur
69. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Leguminosae Bilati Kikar
70. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
71. Tamarix dioica Roxb. ex Roth Tamaricaceae Jhau
72. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
73. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
74. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 75. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
76. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
77. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
78. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
79. Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr. Primulaceae
43 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
80. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
81. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
82. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
83. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 84. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Datura
85. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 86. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
87. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
88. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
89. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
90. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
91. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
92. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
93. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
94. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Lephura
95. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
96. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
97. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
98. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
99. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
44 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
100. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
101. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C.Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Guraichi
102. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
103. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
104. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 105. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
106. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 107. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
108. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 109. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
110. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
111. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
112. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
113. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
114. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
115. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
116. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
TARO (24°34'10.7"N, 85°16'14.3"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 18 plant species. Herbs were the most dominant with 10 species followed trees by (7) and shrub (1).
45 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Ghorkarand
2. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
3. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
4. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Celastraceae Ratangarur
5. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
6. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
7. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
Shrubs
8. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
Herbs
9. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
10. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
11. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
12. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
13. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
14. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 15. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 16. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
17. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
18. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
46 | Page TEGAINI (24°30'14.9"N, 85°15'58.0"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 36 plant species including 2 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 17 species followed by shrubs (6), climbers (5), lianas (4) and herbs (2).
Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
3. Borassus flabellifer L. Arecaceae Tar
4. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
5. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Celastraceae Ratangarur
6. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
7. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
8. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
9. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
10. Hesperethusa crenulata (Roxb.) M. Rutaceae Gair Roem. 11. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
12. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
13. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
14. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 15. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
16. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
17. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
Shrubs
18. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
47 | Page Sl. No. Plants name Family Vernacular Name
19. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
20. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
21. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
22. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
23. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
Herbs
24. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
25. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
26. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
27. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
28. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
29. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
30. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
31. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
32. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
33. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
34. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
35. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
36. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
48 | Page Floral diversity of 4 forest blocks of Hazaribagh district, Jharkhand
BUKAR (24°27'57.5"N, 85°16'25.1"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 101 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 45 species followed by shrubs (18), herbs (14), climbers (13) and lianas (7).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
5. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
8. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
9. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
10. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
11. Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae Kajh
12. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 13. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
14. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
15. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 16. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
17. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Bixaceae Galglal
49 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
18. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
19. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
20. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
21. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
22. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
23. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
24. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal
25. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
26. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
27. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
28. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
29. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
30. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
31. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
32. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 33. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Sindoor
34. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
35. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
36. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
37. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
38. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
39. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
40. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Jamun
50 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
41. Tamarindus indica L. Leguminosae Imli
42. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
43. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
44. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
45. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
46. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
47. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
48. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
49. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
50. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
51. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
52. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
53. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
54. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
55. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
56. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
57. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
58. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
59. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
60. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
61. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn.
51 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
62. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
63. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
64. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
65. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
66. Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr. Primulaceae
67. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
68. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
69. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
70. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 71. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Datura
72. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 73. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
74. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
75. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
76. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
77. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
78. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
79. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
80. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
81. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Lephura
52 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
82. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
83. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
84. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
85. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
86. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
87. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
88. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
89. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
90. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 91. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
92. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
93. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 94. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
95. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
96. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
97. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
98. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
99. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
100. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
101. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
53 | Page GARMORWA (24°25'58.2"N, 85014'Q1.9ME)
The study relveals the occurrence of 99 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 42 species followed by shrubs (18), climbers (15), herbs (13), and lianas (7).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
5. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
6. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
7. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
8. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
9. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
10. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 11. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
12. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
13. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 14. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
15. Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston Bixaceae Galglal
16. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
17. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
18. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
54 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
19. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
20. Firmiana simplex (L.) W.Wight Sterculiaceae Kenjhi, Galagal
21. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
22. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
23. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
24. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
25. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
26. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
27. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
28. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
29. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
30. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 31. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Sindoor
32. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
33. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
34. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
35. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
36. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 37. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
38. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
39. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
40. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
55 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
41. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
42. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
43. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
44. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
45. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
46. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
47. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
48. Dendrophthoefalcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
49. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
50. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
51. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
52. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
53. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
54. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
55. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
56. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
57. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
58. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 59. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
60. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
61. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
56 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
62. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
63. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
64. Clerodendrum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Titbhant
65. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
66. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 67. Datura innoxia Mill. Solanaceae Datura
68. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 69. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
70. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
71. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
72. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
73. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
74. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
75. Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Leguminosae Dhor Khair
76. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
77. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Lephura
78. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
79. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
80. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
81. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
57 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
82. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
83. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
84. Cayaponia laciniosa (L.) C.Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Guraichi
85. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
86. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
87. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 88. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
89. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 90. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
91. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 92. Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
93. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
94. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
95. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
96. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
97. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
98. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
99. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
58 | Page KHAIRATAND (24°27'30.6"N, 85°17'54.1"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 92 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 42 species followed by shrubs (16), climbers (13), herbs (11) and lianas (6).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
4. Alangium salviifolium (L.f.) Wangerin Alangiaceae Dhela
5. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
6. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
7. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
8. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
9. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
10. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
11. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 12. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
13. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
14. Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Celastraceae Ratangarur
15. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 16. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
17. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
18. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
59 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
19. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
20. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
21. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
22. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
23. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
24. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
25. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
26. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
27. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
28. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
29. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
30. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
31. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
32. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 33. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Sindoor
34. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
35. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
36. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
37. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
38. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
39. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
40. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
60 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
41. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
42. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
43. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
44. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
45. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
46. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
47. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
48. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
49. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
50. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
51. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
52. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
53. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
54. Vitex negundo L. Verbenaceae Sinduar
55. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
56. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 57. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
58. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
59. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
60. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
61. Blumea lacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae Kakrande
61 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
62. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
63. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 64. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 65. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
66. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
67. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
68. Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Leguminosae Chakora
69. Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex Orchidaceae Vanda G.Don
Lianas
70. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
71. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
72. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Lephura
73. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
74. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
75. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
76. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
77. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
78. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
79. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
80. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
62 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
81. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 82. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
83. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
84. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 85. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
86. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
87. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
88. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
89. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
90. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
91. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
92. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
MENUKHAR (24°27'20.3"N, 85°14'58.5"E)
The study relveals the occurrence of 93 plant species including 4 pteridophytes. Trees were the most dominant with 43 species followed by shrubs (18), climbers (14), herbs (12) and lianas (7).
Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
Trees
1. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. Leguminosae Khair
2. Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Leguminosae Babul
3. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Bel
63 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
4. Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae Siris
5. Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Dhautha Wall. ex Guillem. & Perr.
6. Bauhinia purpurea L. Leguminosae Konar
7. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Leguminosae Kathul
8. Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Semar
9. Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. Burseraceae Salai
10. Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) Anacardiaceae Piar M.R.Almeida 11. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Leguminosae Palas
12. Cassia fistula L. Leguminosae Amaltas
13. Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Rubiacaeae Mauna Tirveng. 14. Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.) Tirveng. Rubiaceae Karhar
15. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Leguminosae Kala Sheesham
16. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Ebenaceae Kendu
17. Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae Datrang
18. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Bar
19. Ficus mollis Vahl Moraceae Gardah Bargad
20. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Dumar
21. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal
22. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Flacourtiaceae Behach
23. Gardenia latifolia Aiton Rubiaceae Papro
24. Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Gamhar
25. Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale Rubiaceae Karam
64 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
26. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Chilbil
27. Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb. Rubiaceae Bhurkhund
28. Ixora pavetta Andr. Rubiaceae Khota
29. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb. Lythraceae Sidha
30. Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Anacardiaceae Parambhi
31. Madhuca longifolia (J.Koenig ex L.) Sapotaceae Mahua J.F.Macbr. 32. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Mull.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Sindoor
33. Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Gurika
34. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz Bignoniaceae Dhalsor
35. Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Amla
36. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. Anacardiaceae Bhelwa
37. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Leguminosae Chakundi Barneby 38. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Sal
39. Streblus asper Lour. Moraceae Sihora
40. Tectona grandis L.f. Verbenaceae Sagwan
41. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Combretaceae Arjun, Kahua Wight & Arn.
42. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. Combretaceae Bahera
43. Terminalia tomentosa Wight & Arn. Combretaceae Asan
Shrubs
44. Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand. Asclepiadaceae Akwan
45. Carissa spinarum L. Apocynaceae Karonda
46. Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Flacourtiaceae Kaner
65 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
47. Croton roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae Masaundha
48. Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees Poaceae Bans
49. Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Loranthaceae Band
50. Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Aitha
51. Holarrhena pubescens Wall. ex G.Don Apocynaceae Koraiya
52. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Putus
53. Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. Lamiaceae Gokhul
54. Mimosa himalayana Gamble Leguminosae Arar
55. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Samsingar
56. Phoenix acaulis Roxb. Arecaceae Khajur
57. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Andi, Reri
58. Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz Lythraceae Phool Dhawai
59. Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight Rhamnaceae Ber & Arn. 60. Ziziphus oenopolia (L.) Mill. Rhamnaceae Dithor
61. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. Rhamnaceae Kathar
Herbs
62. Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Lapong arak
63. Ageratum conyzoides (L.) L. Asteraceae Jangli Pudina
64. Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Asteraceae Sahadevi
65. Cyathocline purpurea (Buch.-Ham. ex Asteraceae Jirhul Ghas D.Don) Kuntze 66. Elephantopus scaber L. Asteraceae Mayurjhanti, Ban tamba 67. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Ban tulsi
66 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
68. Mecardonia procumbens (Mill.) Small Scrophulariaceae
69. Rungia pectinata (L.) Nees Acanthaceae Hasa arak
Lianas
70. Acacia megaladena Desv. Leguminosae Arar
71. Butea superba Roxb. Leguminosae Dhorain
72. Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Lephura
73. Combretum album Pers. Combretaceae Latur
74. Olax scandens Roxb. Olacaceae Bhadoria sag
75. Ventilago denticulata Willd. Rhamnaceae Ramai
Climbers
76. Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae Ratti
77. Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Satur
78. Cassytha filiformis L. Lauraceae Amarlata
79. Celastrus paniculatus Willd. Celastraceae Kujari
80. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Dudhlar
81. Cryptolepis dubia (Burm.f.) Asclepiadaceae Kari Dudhlar M.R.Almeida 82. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Amarberi
83. Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) Acanthaceae I.Darbysh. 84. Dioscorea bulbifera L. Dioscoreaceae Ban alu
85. Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Asclepiadaceae Dudhlar Schult. 86. Ichnocarpusfrutescens (L.) W.T.Aiton Apocynaceae Lar
87. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Leguminosae Alkushi, Kulkuth
67 | Page Sl. Plants name Family Vernacular Name No.
88. Porana paniculata Roxb. Convolvulaceae Safed Bel
89. Smilax zeylanica L. Liliaceae Ram Datwan
Pteridophytes
90. Adiantum incisum Forssk. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
91. Cheilanthes farinosa (Forssk.) Kaulf. Pteridaceae Pathalchat Ghass
92. Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. Lygodiaceae
93. Selaginella bryopteris ( L. ) Baker Selaginellaceae Basanti
4. Results & Discussion The main floristic elements of the study area comprises the prominent tree species Shorea robusta, Alangium salviifolium, Borassus flabellifer, Buchanania cochinchinensis, Butea monosperma, Diospyros melanoxylon, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Madhuca longifolia, Semecarpus anacardium, Senna siamea, Terminalia arjuna, etc. In shrubs, Carissa spinarum Chromolaena odorata, Croton roxburghii, Dendrophthoe falcate, Helicteres isora, Holarrhena pubescens, Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora, Tamarix dioica are common. The common herbs are Clerodendrum infortunatum, Cyanthillium cinereum, Hyptis suaveolens, Senna occidentalis. The most common lianas are Acacia megaladena and Combretum album. In climbers, Abrus precatorius, Asparagus racemosus, Hemidesmus indicus, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Mucuna pruriens, Porana paniculata, Cocculus hirsutus are commonly found in these areas. Among orchids, only Vanda tessellata exists. The common pteridophytes are Adiantum incisum, Cheilanthes farinosa, Lygodium flexuosum and Selaginella bryopteris. Analysis of the Flora: During the floristic survey a total of 125 plant species were recorded from the study area, represented by 16 families. The dominant families in terms of number of taxa were Leguminosae followed by Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, Anacardiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Verbenaceae, Rhamnaceae, Apocynaceae and so on. Trees were the most dominant represented by 65 species followed by shrubs (24), climbers (15), herbs (14) and lianas (7). The dominant genera of the study area is Acacia, Ficus and Terminalia (4 species each).
68 | Page In addition to this, four species of pteridphytes have also been recorded. The list of different plant species (trees, shrubs, herbs, lianas, climbers & pteridophytes) recorded during field survey is enlisted above forest block wise. Among all the recorded plants, 24 plants are of medicinal importance for local people.
Rare, Threatened and Endangered (RET) plants: Plants recorded in the study area were checked for Rare, Threatened and Endangered (RET) plants with help of "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (http://www.iucnredlist.org/) but there are no RET plants recorded as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
69 | Page In the course of survey, it is found that the forest blocks of Mochrak, Dibubasera, Sarne, Jhurang, Alakhdiha, Kathotiya Kewal of Gaya district and Bukar, Garmorwa, Khairatand and Menukhar of Hazaribagh district was dominated by natural vegetation. In Harakurha, Regaini, Tegaini, Bagai, Dundu, Taro, Ruidhamna, the natural vegetation is removed by the villagers for agriculture, human settlement and livelihood. As a result of this, remnant forest patch is represented by some scattered trees of Butea, Borassus, Diospyros and Madhuca longifolia, etc.
Sal forest at Sarne, Gaya Forest represented by scattered trees of Butea monosperma at Dibubasera, Gaya
Dry mixed deciduous forest at Deforested forest block dominated by Jhurang, Gaya Lantana camara at Rui Dhamna, Gaya
70 | Page Tribe settlement in side Kh airatan d fo rest Forest along the Bukar river at Bukar, block, Hazaribagh Hazaribagh
During the study, it is also found 10 Dominant families reported in the study area that the local community and tribal people are very much dependent on Sl. Families No. of forest produces like leaves of Diospyros No. species melanoxylon for making bidi; flowers of 1. Leguminosae 21 Madhuca longifolia for making local wine 2. Rubiaceae 7 and cattle food; flowers of Butea 3. Asteraceae 6 monosperma for extracting natural dyes,
4. Combretaceae 6 etc. At some places, local people are also involved in the collection of mica stone 5. Anacardiaceae 5 and pebbles from river bed to meet their 6. Euphorbiaceae 5 basis expenditures. Rearing of cattle and 7. Moraceae 5 agriculture are other ways of livelihood in
8. Verbenaceae 5 the survey area.
9. Rhamnaceae 4
10. Apocynaceae 3
71 | Page Shorea robusta Gaertn. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.
Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Semecarpus anacardium L.f. 1
•t?' * • p * < • v I. Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Gymnosporia montana (Roth) Benth. Photo: Anand Kumar
72 | Page Cassine glauca (Rottb.) Kuntze Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult.
Capparis zeylanica L. Androsace umbellata (Lour.) Merr.
Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh. Cassytha filiformis L.
Photo : Anand Kumar
73 | Page