DOCSLIB.ORG

Chilworth Gunpowder Mills

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chilworth Gunpowder Mills Albury History Society - alburyhistory.org.uk GUILDFORD BOROUGH COUNCIL Chilworth Gunpowder Mills CONSERVATION MANAGMENT PLAN VOLUME 2 NOVEMBER 2011 GUILDFORD BOROUGH COUNCIL Chilworth Gunpowder Mills CONSERVATION MANAGMENT PLAN VOLUME 2 NOVEMBER 2011 Plate 1: Reused millstones to rear of 1860s incorporating mill Plate 2: Expense magazine CONTENTS CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND .......................................1 1.1 The site .......................................................................................................1 1.2 Context and purpose ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Basis and structure ............................................................................................ 2 1.5 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Consultation and acknowledgements ............................................................ 3 2 UNDERSTANDING THE SITE .......................................................... 5 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................5 2.2 Designations .......................................................................................................5 2.3 Topography and setting ....................................................................................6 2.4 Historical overview and development phases ..............................................6 2.5 Early development of the Gunpowder Industry in Britain and abroad ..12 2.6 Phase I: 1626 - 1650 ..........................................................................................13 2.7 Phase II (c.1650 - 1698) .................................................................................... 15 2.8 Phase III: 1719 - 1819 ....................................................................................... 17 2.9 Phase IV: 1819 - 1885 ....................................................................................... 20 2.10 Phase V: 1885 - 1920 .........................................................................................20 2.11 Phase VI: 1920 - present day .......................................................................... 23 2.12 Current and historic character of the site .....................................................25 2.13 Natural and ecological heritage of the area .................................................31 3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SITE .............................................................. 33 3.1 Basis of the assessment ................................................................................... 33 3.2 Chilworth Gunpowder Mills summary statement of signifi cance ...........34 3.3 Individual assessments of signifi cance ........................................................ 34 4 CONSERVATION ISSUES AND POLICIES ..................................... 43 4.1 Aims and approaches .....................................................................................43 4.2 Existing policy framework .............................................................................44 4.3 Conservation issues and policies .................................................................. 45 4.4 Policy Area A: CONSERVATION ..................................................................46 4.5 Policy Area B: PROTECTION OF SIGNIFICANCE ................................... 48 4.6 Policy Area C: SUSTAINABILITY .................................................................53 4.7 Policy Area D: PUBLIC INTEREST, ENHANCEMENT, LEGIBILITY AND ACCESS ............................................................................................................. 53 4.8 Policy Area E: RESOLUTION OF CONFLICT ............................................ 60 4.9 Policy Area F: UNDERSTANDING, RECORDING AND RESEARCH ...62 APPENDIX 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES ....................................................... 67 CHILWORTH GUNPOWDER MILLS CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN • NOVEMBER 2011 PLATES Plate 1 Reused millstones to rear of 1860s Incorporating Mills ............Inside cover Plate 2 Expense magazine ..........................................................................Inside cover Plate 3 Powder Punts (copyright A Hammond, from The Gunpowder Industry by Glenys Crocker, Shire publications) ................................................................7 Plate 4 The earliest illustration of a gun, from De Offi ciis Regum, 1326 (Christ Church, Oxford) ...............................................................................................12 Plate 5: Chilworth Gunpowder Works Women’s Football Team (from Damnable Inventions by Glenys and Alan Crocker) ...................................................... 23 Plate 6: Dragons tooth at site ....................................................................................... 24 Plate 7: 1948 Aerial photograph .................................................................................. 26 Plate 8: Modern Aerial photograph ............................................................................27 Plate 9: Land use in the early 19th century (information taken from Estate Plan of 1813) ................................................................................................................... 27 Plate 10: View of works from St Martha’s Church, 1888 (from Wymans Commercial Encyclopedia) ..................................................................................................... 29 Plate 11: View of Waltham Abbey Mills in 1735 ......................................................... 30 Plate 12: Yew trees planted at Chilworth for blast protection .................................. 30 Plate 13: Date ‘1873’ built into brickwork of expense magazine ..............................36 Plate 14: Second World War pillbox at site .................................................................. 38 Plate 15: Romantic ruins of incorporating mill at site ................................................40 Plate 16: Vegetation causing damage to remains ........................................................50 Plate 17: Vegetation growing on 1880s Incorporating Mill ....................................... 54 Plate 18: New Cut ............................................................................................................ 56 FIGURES Figure 1: Historical growth of complex .....................................................After page 12 Figure 2 : Detail of John Seller’s map of Surrey, c.1679 ............................................... 17 Figure 3: Chilworth Gunpowder Works in 1728 (Plan taken from Dangerous Energy. Redrawn from British Library Althorp Papers). .........................................18 Figure 4: Detail of Estate map, 1813 (© Surrey History Service, taken from Damnable Inventions by Alan and Glenys Crocker) .....................................................19 Figure 5: 1872 Ordnance Survey map laid over modern layout ................................... .........................................................................................................After page 22 Figure 6: 1896 Ordnance Survey map laid over modern layout ................................... .........................................................................................................After page 24 Figure 7: 1916 Ordnance Survey map laid over modern outline .................................. .........................................................................................................After page 24 CHILWORTH GUNPOWDER MILLS CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND CHILWORTH GUNPOWDER MILLS CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN • NOVEMBER 2011 INRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 The site 1.1.1 The Gunpowder Mills at Chilworth in Surrey is a Scheduled Monument and a site of national importance in the history of gunpowder manufacture. Its signifi cance lies partly in its longevity, it having been used to produce powder for almost 300 years prior to its closure at the end of the First World War, as well as its size and scale of operations. Unlike the Royal Gunpowder Mills at Waltham Abbey it remained a private works, although there were periods in its early history when it was the sole supplier of gunpowder to the King, and the changes in its ownership closely refl ect developments in the wider gunpowder industry and society generally. It was of considerable importance in the Civil War, when it supplied powder to the Parliamentarians (very shortly after having supplied the King) as well as numerous wars with continental powers in the 17th and 18th century when the site’s fortunes fl uctuated with demand for powder. It is also of interest for its international links, both in its original establishment by the East India Company to supply powder for its overseas operations, and towards the end of its manufacturing history when the site was purchased and greatly expanded by an Anglo-German company. 1.1.2 Each of these elements to its history provide it with a multi-layered interest which can be used to interpret and communicate important elements of British history in the post-medieval period. 1.1.3 Although the large majority of the buildings on the site were demolished in several phases during the 20th century the site retains the substantial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • SURREY HILLS AONB MANAGEMENT PLAN (2020 -2025) Draft Monitoring Framework April 2020 – March 2021
    SURREY HILLS AONB MANAGEMENT PLAN (2020 -2025) Draft Monitoring Framework April 2020 – March 2021 The AONB Management Plan is a statutory document and all public bodies have a duty of regard to considering the policies in carrying out their functions that have an impact on the AONB. The Surrey Hills Family has been established to work with organisations, agencies and individuals to support the delivery of the AONB Management Plan’s Vision: The Surrey Hills AONB is recognised as a national asset in which its natural and cultural resources are managed in an attractive landscape mosaic of farmland, woodland, heaths, downs and commons. It provides opportunities for business enterprise and for all to enjoy and appreciate its natural beauty for their health and well-being. The Surrey Hills family will pursue the vision through our brand values: “Passionate, Energetic, Enterprising, Creative and Collaborative” • Passionate about the diverse and beautiful Surrey Hills landscape. • Energetic in promoting health and well-being for all. • Enterprising to promote the Surrey Hills as a national asset for the benefit of local businesses in order to enhance our Surrey Hills communities. • Creative by engaging and inspiring people with this outstanding landscape through art, culture and heritage. • Collaborative in our efforts to conserve nature and ensure the environmental sustainability of the Surrey Hills in the future. The Surrey Hills Family Delivery Plan details how the targets will be delivered under the following Surrey Hills AONB Management Plan Pillars: 1 Advocacy. Partnership and Coordination, 2 Landscape Conservation and Enhancement, 3 Access, Enjoyment and Understanding, 4. Growing the Surrey Hills Economy, and 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Surrey Hills Aonb Areas of Search
    CONFIDENTIAL SURREY COUNTY COUNCIL LCA PHASE 2 SURREY HILLS AONB AREAS OF SEARCH NATURAL BEAUTY EVALUATION by Hankinson Duckett Associates HDA ref: 595.1 October 2013 hankinson duckett associates t 01491 838175 f 01491 838997 e [email protected] w www.hda-enviro.co.uk The Stables, Howbery Park, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BA Hankinson Duckett Associates Limited Registered in England & Wales 3462810 Registered Office: The Stables, Howbery Park, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BA CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Assessment Background ............................................................................................................. 1 Table 1: LCA Landscape Types and Character Areas ...................................................................................... 2 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 5 4 Guidance ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Natural England Guidance Factors and Sub-factors ........................................................................... 6 4.5 Application of the Guidance ............................................................................................................................. 10 5 The Surrey Hills Landscape
    [Show full text]
  • North Downs Biodiversity Opportunity Area Policy Statements
    Biodiversity Opportunity Areas: the basis for realising Surrey’s ecological network Appendix 6: North Downs Biodiversity Opportunity Area Policy Statements ND01: North Downs Scarp; The Hog's Back ND02: North Downs Scarp & Dip; Guildford to the Mole Gap ND03: North Downs Scarp & Dip; Mole Gap to Reigate ND04: North Downs; Epsom Downs to Nonsuch Park ND05: North Downs; Banstead Woods & Downs and Chipstead Downs ND06: North Downs Scarp; Quarry Hangers to the A22 ND07: North Downs Scarp; Woldingham ND08: North Downs; Banstead & Walton Heaths December 2015 Investing in our County’s future Surrey Biodiversity Opportunity Area Policy Statement Biodiversity Opportunity Area ND01: North Downs Scarp; The Hog’s Back Local authorities: Guildford, Waverley Aim & justification: The aim of Biodiversity Opportunity Areas (BOAs) is to establish a strategic framework for conserving and enhancing biodiversity at a landscape-scale, making our wildlife more robust to changing climate and socio-economic pressures. BOAs are those areas where targeted maintenance, restoration and creation of Natural Environment & Rural Communities (NERC) Act ‘Habitats of Principal Importance’, ie. Priority habitats will have the greatest benefit towards achieving this aim. Recognition of BOAs directly meets National Planning Policy Framework policy for the planning system to contribute to international commitments for halting the overall decline in biodiversity, by establishing coherent ecological networks that are more resilient to current and future pressures (para. 109). Designation of BOAs in local plans will also fulfil NPPF requirements to plan for biodiversity at a landscape-scale across local authority boundaries; and identify & map components of the local ecological networks (para. 117). Explanatory BOAs identify the most important areas for wildlife conservation remaining in Surrey and each include a variety of habitats, providing for an ‘ecosystem approach’ to nature conservation across and beyond the county.
    [Show full text]
  • SURREY HILLS AGLV REVIEW By
    SURREY HILLS AGLV REVIEW by Chris Burnett Associates 26 06 07 for SPOA Final report Chris Burnett Associates 2007 Chris Burnett Associates, Landscape Architects, White House Farm , Shocklach, Malpas, Cheshire SY14 7BN Tel : 01829 250646 Fax 01829 250527 [email protected] www.chris-burnett-associates.co.uk Surrey AGLV Review : Final report Chris Burnett Associates 26 06 07 CONTENTS: Executive Summary Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Historic Development of the Surrey AGLV Chapter 3: Current Planning Policies and Consultation Chapter 4: A review of the national context for Local landscape Designations Chapter 5: Approach and Methodology Chapter 6: Findings Chapter 7: Recommendations 2 Surrey AGLV Review : Final report Chris Burnett Associates 26 06 07 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The issue of the status of Local Landscape Designations (LLD’s) has been highlighted by the recent advice issued by the government and embodied in PPS 7. This states that a landscape character assessment linked to criteria based policy approach should provide sufficient protection for these areas provided such designations are based on a formal and robust assessment of the qualities of the landscape concerned. Against this background, Chris Burnett Associates (CBA) were commissioned to undertake a review of the Surrey AGLV by the Surrey Planning Officers Association. (SPOA) The study commenced with a review of historic background. It established that the Surrey Hills AONB is closely linked with the designation of the AGLV. The first County Plan approved in 1958 showed the first AGLV area, which was a smaller area incorporating the North Downs escarpment and the area of Greensand Hills surrounding Leith Hill.
    [Show full text]
  • Farnham Neighbourhood Plan ADOPTED JULY 2017
    FARNHAM NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN ADOPTED JULY 2017 Illustrations © Michael Blower www.farnham.gov.uk/neighbourhoodplan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document has been developed and produced by Farnham Town Council in close cooperation with local community volunteers with wide ranging skills and backgrounds on behalf of the Farnham community. The team would like to thank the following in preparation of the documents: • Tony Fullwood, Chartered • Waverley Borough Council for Town Planner, who was our guidance and support professional planning consultant • Events and exhibitions venues • Rachel Aves, Corporate who kindly gave their space Governance Team Leader, who was the lead officer for the Town • The community groups, local Council societies and schools in Farnham for providing support and • Michael Blower and Charles Bone comment throughout the process for providing drawings for the (see Appendix 1) Neighbourhood Plan The Town Council and the Neighbourhood Plan team would like to thank the whole community for participating in the process and for coming together and supporting the Neighbourhood Plan over its development. © Michael Blower CONTENTS SectioN 1: IntroductioN Page: 4 The Farnham Neighbourhood Plan - a new type of planning document produced in Farnham. SectioN 2: Farnham NoW Page: 10 A brief description of the town and surrounding countryside today and the key issues that have influenced the Plan. SectioN 3: Farnham FuTure Page: 16 A vision over the next 20 years. SectioN 4: Farnham NEiGhBouRhood Plan Strategy Page: 18 Broad planning approach for Farnham and how this conforms to higher level planning policy. SectioN 5: NEiGhBouRhood Plan PoLiCies Page: 20 Policies to support the overall vision, including site specific allocations for new development.
    [Show full text]
  • Inspiring Views – Artist Brief Experience Art on the North Downs Way
    Inspiring Views – Artist Brief Experience Art on the North Downs Way Background Kent Downs AONB and North Downs Way are working with Surrey Hills Arts (a partnership between Surrey Arts, SCC and Surrey Hills AONB) to commission a series of Inspiring Views projects along the North Downs Way. These projects include view restoration, conservation work and site specific artworks that incorporate an opportunity for rest. The artworks will highlight the inspiring views, provide a reason to visit, pause and appreciate each specific location while encouraging interaction from visitors. Aims Through the Inspiring Views project, we aim to: open up a new viewpoint create an iconic focal point for visits to the North Downs Way create an art trail for the North Downs Way attract new visitors to walk the North Downs Way to experience the artwork improve access to the site for all, including visitors with disabilities allow regular visitors to experience the landscape in a new way promote the North Downs Way pilgrimage heritage as a route for reflection, renewal and inspiration engage local residents through associated activities link with local businesses and organisations for tourism and wellbeing experiences linked to the artwork The Brief The selected artwork will include an opportunity for rest, demonstrate high quality, consider the local environment in the materials used, and celebrate the unique identity of the site. Inspiration could come from the local, geological or pilgrim heritage specific to the location, the North Downs Way and local Dorking area. We are open to ideas and suggestions regarding the nature of the work such as a viewing platform, bench that frames a view, more than one structure, a sound bench or the possibility of incorporating different art forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Aonbs and Their Statutory Management Plans
    Surrey Hills AONB Management Plan (2019 – 2024) Pre-Consultation Draft For Surrey Hills AONB Board September 2019 Preface The Surrey Hills was one of the first landscapes in the country to be designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in 1958. It is now one of 37 AONBs in England and has equal status in planning terms to a National Park. The Surrey Hills AONB stretches across rural Surrey, covering about a quarter of the county. The Countryside and Rights of Way Act (2000) placed a statutory duty on AONB local authorities to produce and review management plans that will formulate their policy for the management of the area. The Management Plan is being prepared by the Surrey Hills AONB Board and will need to be adopted by Guildford Borough Council, Mole Valley District Council, Reigate and Banstead Borough Council, Tandridge District Council, Waverley Borough Council and Surrey County Council. [To include national and regional context maps] 2 TO FOLLOW Ministerial Foreword AONB Board Chairman’s Foreward 3 CONTENTS Section 1 The Introduction 1.1 What is the Surrey Hills AONB? 1.2 What is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty? 1.3 What is the global, national and regional context of the Surrey Hills AONB? 1.3 What is the Statutory AONB Management Plan? 1.4 What is the relationship with the National Planning Policy Framework? 1.5 What are the implications of a Surrey Hills AONB Boundary Review? 1.6 What defines the ‘Natural Beauty’ of the Surrey Hills AONB? 1.7 What is the Landscape Character of the Surrey Hills AONB? 1.8 What
    [Show full text]
  • Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: Technical Support Scheme (England) 2017 – 2019 Application to European Commission
    Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty: Technical Support Scheme (England) 2017 – 2019 Application to European Commission February 2017 Contents 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 2 2. How is the AONB purpose delivered?.............................................................................. 2 3. AONBs the Scheme will apply to ..................................................................................... 2 4. Strategic objectives .......................................................................................................... 3 5. Provision of support to farmers and land managers ........................................................ 3 6. How advice and training will be provided ......................................................................... 3 7. Eligibility ........................................................................................................................... 4 8. Applications and monitoring ............................................................................................. 4 9. Funding ............................................................................................................................ 4 10. State Aid Regulation ...................................................................................................... 4 11. Duration of the Scheme ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Surrey Hills Management Plan 2020 - 2025
    SURREY HILLS MANAGEMENT PLAN 2020 - 2025 Core Partners Executive Summary 2nd THE DELIVERY STRATEGY Landscape to be EXECUTIVE SUMMARY designated an Although the fundamental purpose of the Management Plan is to encourage co-ordinated action AONB in England This is the Executive Summary that sets out the vision and the policy framework for the Surrey Hills by all organisations, agencies and individuals, the Surrey Hills AONB Board has established a in 1958 AONB. The full version of the AONB Management Plan is available at www surreyhillsboard.org. Surrey Hills group of organisations (the Surrey Hills Family) to help support the delivery of the AONB Management Plan. This will be achieved through growing the membership and activity of ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT PLAN the Society; growing the business sector’s involvement and revenue streams through Surrey Hills Enterprises; and generating income through the Surrey Hills Trust Fund in support of the 25% Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty are designated by the Government for the purpose of implementation of the AONB Management Plan. of land in ensuring that the special qualities of the finest landscapes in England, Wales and Northern Surrey Ireland are conserved and enhanced. The primary purpose of AONB designation is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of the area, as confirmed by Section 82 of the Countryside and THE SURREY HILLS FAMILY COLLABORATIVE MODEL Rights of Way Act 2000 (CRoW Act). The Family Delivery Plan will be monitored through quarterly meetings of the Surrey Hills AONB Advisory Partners The Surrey Hills AONB Management Plan sets out the policy framework for the Surrey Hills.
    [Show full text]
  • High Weald AONB Sign Guidance
    Advice Note www.highweald.org High Weald AONB Sign Guidance Produced by: High Weald AONB Unit October 2016 An Outstanding Medieval L andscape Our Guidance Programme The High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty is one of the best surviving medieval landscapes in northern Europe . The components of the High Weald’s natural beauty that make it recognisably distinct are: Geology, landform, water systems and climate: deeply incised, ridged and faulted landform of clays and sandstone from which spring numerous gill streams. Settlement: dispersed historic settlements of farmsteads and hamlets and late medieval villages. Routeways: ancient routeways often narrow, deeply sunken, and edged with trees, hedges, wildflower-rich verges and boundary banks. Woodland: a great extent of ancient woods, gills, and shaws in small holdings Field and heath : small, irregularly shaped and productive fields often bounded by, and forming a mosaic with, hedgerows and small woodlands The High Weald AONB Joint Advisory Committee (JAC) is a partnership established in 1991 of 15 local authorities, Defra, Natural England and organisations representing farming, woodland, access and community interests. The JAC is responsible for publishing and monitoring the statutory AONB Management Plan . The JAC is supported by a small, dedicated staff team, the High Weald AONB Unit, which develops understanding of the High Weald’s key components - their history, development, distribution, special qualities, deterioration, damage and loss - to provide an evidence base for the AONB Management Plan and related policy and guidance. This guidance is based on that understanding and aims to help everybody conserve and enhance one of England’s finest landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Date: 4Th March 2020 Report: Making Space for Nature Written By
    Item No: 5 Date: 4th March 2020 Report: Making Space for Nature Written by: Rob Fairbanks _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Purpose of Report To inform Members of the work on the Test and Trail of the new Environmental Land Management Scheme. 2. Future Farming and the Environmental Land Management (ELM) Schemes Environmental Land Management Scheme (ELMS) is a new programme working partners, landowners and farmers to help deliver Defra’s Future Farming ambitions that were outlined in the 25 Year Environment Plan. In 2024, Defra plans to launch the new Environmental Land Management Scheme (ELMS). It will be piloted from 2021 and the existing Direct Payments regime will be phased out. This new approach is not a subsidy. Those who are awarded ELM agreements will be paid public money in return for providing environmental benefits, including: Thriving plants and wildlife Enhanced landscapes and access Mitigation and adaptation measures (inc flooding) Clean air, water and reduce pollution 3. Farming for the Nation. The Surrey Hills Making Space for Nature project is part of the Defra Tests and Trials work known as 'Farming for the Nation' taking place within twelve AONBs. The AONBs will be testing new ways for Defra to incentivise environmentally friendly approaches to farming. The projects vary across the different AONBs according to landscape type, but all: incorporate an approach which encourages collaboration between the farmers and land managers involved; baseline natural capital and ecosystems services; incorporate nature-friendly farming approaches into farm business plans, land management plans and AONB Management Plans; and report on the impact of new approaches. The 12 AONBs involved are Blackdown Hills AONB, Cornwall AONB, Cranbourne Chase AONB, Dorset AONB, East Devon AONB, Forest of Bowland AONB, Kent Downs AONB, Nidderdale AONB, North Pennines AONB, Quantock Hills AONB, Surrey Hills AONB, and Tamar Valley AONB.
    [Show full text]
  • Surrey Hills AONB Areas of Search Natural Beauty Evaluation
    CONFIDENTIAL SURREY COUNTY COUNCIL LCA PHASE 2 SURREY HILLS AONB AREAS OF SEARCH NATURAL BEAUTY EVALUATION by Hankinson Duckett Associates HDA ref: 595.1 October 2013 hankinson duckett associates t 01491 838175 f 01491 838997 e [email protected] w www.hda-enviro.co.uk The Stables, Howbery Park, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BA Hankinson Duckett Associates Limited Registered in England & Wales 3462810 Registered Office: The Stables, Howbery Park, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BA CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Assessment Background ............................................................................................................. 1 Table 1: LCA Landscape Types and Character Areas ...................................................................................... 2 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 5 4 Guidance ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Natural England Guidance Factors and Sub-factors ........................................................................... 6 4.5 Application of the Guidance ............................................................................................................................. 10 5 The Surrey Hills Landscape
    [Show full text]