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Redalyc.A Taxonomic Study of Albizia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) in Mexico and Central America Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid ISSN: 0211-1322 [email protected] Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas España Rico Arce, María de Lourdes; Gale, S.L.; Maxted, N. A taxonomic study of Albizia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) in Mexico and Central America Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid, vol. 65, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2008, pp. 255-305 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55611960005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 65(2): 255-305 julio-diciembre 2008 ISSN: 0211-1322 A taxonomic study of Albizia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) in Mexico and Central America by María de Lourdes Rico Arce1, S.L. Gale2 & N. Maxted2 1 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom. [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom. [email protected] Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Resumen Rico, M. de L., S.L. Gale & N. Maxted. 2008. A taxonomic study Rico, M. de L., S.L. Gale & N. Maxted. 2008. Estudio taxonómico de of Albizia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) in Mexico and Albizia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) en México y América Central America. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(2): 255-305. Central. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 65(2): 255-305 (en inglés). The genus Albizia is economically and environmentally important El género Albizia tiene importancia económica y ecológica porque because many elements are multipurpose trees. A taxonomic en su mayoría está integrado por árboles con usos múltiples. Se study of 12 Central American and Mexican Albizia species is pre- presenta un estudio taxonómico para 12 especies con distribución sented. Identification keys, illustrations and ecological informa- en México y Centro América, se incluyen claves para la identifi- tion are provided together with some taxonomic comments. Dis- cación de las especies, ilustraciones, mapas de distribución, esta- tribution maps and conservation status are given for each native dos de conservación de las especies nativas del área y comentarios species in the area. Three epithets are lectotypyfied and three ecológicos y taxonómicos. Se formaliza la lectipificacion de tres new name combinations are made. An interactive identification epítetos y se proponen tres nuevas combinaciones. Una clave electronic key is available from the authors if requested. Full spec- electrónica interactiva para la identificación de las especies se imen records are available at www.kew.org/herbcat. puede solicitar a los autores. Finalmente el conjunto completo de los ejemplares de herbario puede ser consultado en el sitio Web de los Jardines Reales de Kew: www.kew.org/herbcat. Keywords: Albizia, multipurpose trees, conservation, Legumi- Palabras clave: Albizia, árboles multiuso, conservación, Legu- nosae, Mimosoideae. minosae, Mimosoideae. Introduction highly valued in Central America as understory shade trees for crop plantations, soil erosion stabilisers, soil im- Albizia is a pantropical genus that includes at least 470 provers and as nitrogen fixing species, providers of live- names. Lewis & Rico Arce (2005) give a figure between stock fodder with a high crude-protein content, as tim- 120-140 species; in Africa there are c. 36 endemic species ber trees and also as providers of water-soluble gum and in the Neotropics 22. Twelve species of Albizia are (Allen & Allen, 1981; Lowry & al., 1994; Escalante & al., native or naturalized in Mexico and Central America, 1998; Sprent, 2001). this figure does not include the ‘rain tree’ Albizia saman’ The genus Albizia was first published by Durazzini in currently recognised as Samanea saman (Nielsen, 1992; a rare periodical, Magazino Toscana in 1772. The de- Polhill, 1994). scription was based on a plant grown from seeds from In Central America and Mexico Albizia species are Asia which were brought by Fillippo Degli Albizzi in fast growing, multipurpose trees; collecting trips to this 1749 from Constantinople to Florence (Nielsen, 1979). part of the world by the Institute of Biology (Mexico), The first classification of Albizia was that of Bentham the Oxford Forestry Institute, and the Darwin Pro- (1875), although many current Albizia species were orig- gramme at the Natural History Museum (London) have inally included in the genera Pithecellobium and Acacia. provided numerous new collections. Albizia species are Bentham (1875) included 9 genera in the tribe Ingeae: 256 M. de L. Rico Arce & al. Affonsea St. Hill., Albizia Durazz., Archidendron F. tribe and pointed out that considerable work was need- Muell., Calliandra Benth., Enterolobium Mart., Inga ed for certain groups, especially those he provisionally Willd., Lysiloma Benth., Serianthes Benth., and Pithecel- named as genus A, B, C and D. Only 21 genera (includ- lobium Mart.; subsequently there have been many classi- ing Marmaroxylon) were retained as good genera (Niel- fications of Albizia and related genera, notably: Britton sen, 1981) and these 21 did not correspond to those & Rose (1928), Mohlenbrock (1963), Nielsen (1981) and recognised by Mohlenbrock (1963). The majority of Barneby & Grimes (1996). For the Flora of North Amer- Nielsen’s work was based on the Asian, Australasian and ica, Britton & Rose (1928) divided the Ingeae into sever- Pacific Ingeae and through his (Nielsen, 1981; Nielsen & al smaller genera based on stipule characteristics, inflo- al., 1983) and other author’s work (Kostermans, 1954; rescence type, leaf texture, mode of legume dehiscence, Mohlenbrock; 1963, Kanis, 1986) the species in this area form of the fruit, and the presence of a seed aril. The are now reasonably well understood. South American species were studied by Britton & Killip Barneby & Grimes (1996, 1997) and Barneby (1998) (1936) and Kleinhoonte (1940), and the Ingeae for the re-classified the tribe Ingeae focusing on the New World rest of the world by Kostermans (1954). By the 1960’s species and placed the genera into five informal alliances the tribe Ingeae consisted of 35 genera (Nielsen, 1981: (Table 1). Novel characters such as branching pattern 174-176), with the generic delimitations based on fruit, and developmental stages of vegetative and floral buds gynoecium and leaf characters. Genera proliferated, as were used for the first time, allowing a broader phyloge- researchers tended to create a new genus every time a netic analysis than was previously possible. As a result new fruit type was discovered. Mohlenbrock (1963) at- most Albizia species recognised in our treatment were tempted to reclassify the tribe into 21 genera, but his sys- placed as Incertae sedis taxa (i.e. taxa of unknown posi- tem was similarly limited due to an over-reliance on fruit tion; the genus Albizia was not included in one of the characters. For the 1978 International Legume Confer- Barneby & Grimes’ ingoid alliances). Other Albizia ence, Nielsen (1981) presented a chronological list of species recognised here were placed by Barneby & classifications of the tribe Ingeae, and moved from a Grimes (1996) in the genera Pseudosamanea and Hesper- largely fruit-based classification to one employing main- albizia in the Samanea and Chloroleucon alliances of the ly inflorescence features. Nielsen (1981) reorganised the Ingeae. Rico Arce (2000) discussed the lack of support Table 1. A generic conspectus of native American genera of the tribe Ingeae, based on Barneby & Grimes (1996) with the addition of the genus Guinetia L. Rico & M. Sousa (Rico Arce & al., 2000). * Genera of unplaced position, and thus not a Barneby & Grimes’ (1996) alliance. ** Intermediate between the tribes Ingeae & Acacieae. Alliance as given Genera in Branch & meristem Dimorphic Flower Fruit with by Barneby & alliance growth shoots heteromorphy mesocarp/septae Grimes, 1996 Abarema Hydrochorea [Balizia], Monopodial, sylleptic, Absent Present & absent Present Abarema unarmed Present Present & absent Samanea Hesperalbizia Monopodial, proleptic Absent Present & absent Absent Pseudosamanea unarmed Absent Samanea Present Chloroleucon Blanchetiodendron Sympodial, proleptic, Absent or Present & absent Absent Leucochloron unarmed commonly Absent Chloroleucon present Present Pithecellobium Sphinga, Havardia Sympodial or perhaps Present Absent Absent Ebenopsis monopodial, proleptic, Present Painteria armed Absent Pithcellobium Present & absent Inga Macrosamanea, Sympodial, proleptic or Present Absent Absent Cojoba, Inga, Zygia sylleptic, unarmed Albizia* Sympodial, proleptic, Present & absent Present & absent Present & absent Enterolobium* unarmed Present Cedrelinga Absent Calliandra* Sympodial, proleptic, Present Absent Absent Zapoteca* unarmed Absent Archidendron* Absent & present Guinetia Sympodial, proleptic, Present Absent Absent unarmed Lysiloma** Lysiloma Absent Present Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 65(2): 255-305, julio-diciembre 2008. ISSN: 0211-1322 A taxonomic study of Albizia in Mexico and Central America 257 for the genus Balizia and transferred the two species to ten serve as soil improvers. They occur in areas of mean Albizia. Lewis & Rico Arce (2005) gave an overview of annual rainfall ranging from 350-5000 mm and at altitudes the
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