DOCSLIB.ORG

Secondary Metabolites Found in Bergenia Species: a Compendious Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

AAAcccaaadddeeemmmiiiccc SSSccciiieeennnccceeesss International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 5, Issue 1, 2013 Review Article SECONDARY METABOLITES FOUND IN BERGENIA SPECIES: A COMPENDIOUS REVIEW RAJANI CHAUHAN 2, KM.RUBY 1* , JAYA DWIVEDI 1 1Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India, 2Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India. Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Sep 2012, Revised and Accepted: 23 Oct 2012 ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites are chemical found in plants. These have no role in plant growth but these are important for human because it have many pharmacological activity. Bergenia species such as Bergenia stracheyi, Bergenia ligulata And Bergenia ligulata etc. have many secondary metabolites such as 1. Bergenin 2. Tannic acid 3. Gallic acid 4. Stigmesterol 5. β-Sitosterol 6. catechin 7. (+)-Afzelechin 8. 1,8-cineole 9. Isovalaric acid 10. (+)- (6S)-parasorbic acid 11. Arbutin 12. Phytol 13. Caryophyllene 14. Damascenone 15. β-eudesmol 16. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol 17. (Z)-asarone 18. Terpinen-4-ol 19. Paashaanolactone which are medicinally important. Keywords: Secondary metabolites, Pharmacological uses, Bergenia species, Bergenia ligulata , Bergenia stracheyi , Bergenia ciliata, Bergenin. INTRODUCTION 7. (+)-Afzelechin 8. 1,8-cineole Metabolites are essential for plants growth, development specific 9. Isovalaric acid function such as pollinator attraction or defense against herbivory. 10. (+)-(6S)-parasorbic acid Basically metabolites have two type first is primary metabolites and 11. Arbutin second one is secondary metabolites. [1] 12. Phytol Primary Metabolites 13. Caryophyllene 14. Damascenone Primary metabolites made up of many different organic compounds, 15. β-eudesmol such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. They are 16. 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol found in the plants because they have the products of fundamental 17. (Z)-asarone metabolic pathways such as the Krebs cycle, glycolysis and Calvin 18. Terpinen-4-ol cycle. [2-6] 19. Paashaanolactone Primary metabolites are divided into different category such as The secondary metabolites of Bergenia species has been described in present article one by one . Energy rich fuel molecules : Sucrose and starch 1. BERGENIN Structural components: Cellulose Bergenin is most abundant in the genera of saxifragaceae, Informational molecules: Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic euphorbeaceae and myrsinaceae. [7] It is also known as Cuscutin a acid C-glucoside of 4-0-methyl gallic acid characterized by polyphenol. It Pigments: Chlorophyll is found in colorless crystal form isolated from Bergenia species such as Bergenia ligulata , Bergenia ciliata , Bergenia stracheyi , Bergenia These primary metabolites play a very important role for growth crassifolia etc. [8-9] Its IUPAC name is 4-methoxy-2- and development of plant. Primary metabolites are also use to [(1S,2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6- precursors for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. [2-6] (hydroxymethyl)-2H-pyran-2-yl] -α-resorcylic acid δ lacto ne monohydrate. Its chemical formula is C 14 H16 O9.H 2O and molecular Secondary metabolites weight 346.3 grams per mole. It has two analogues (norbergenin Secondary metabolites are chemicals produced by plants. Secondary and acetylbergenin) with additional pharmacological effects. metabolites have no role in growth, reproduction, photosynthesis or we can say that this have no role in primary function. Secondary metabolites divided into three classes O 1) Alkaloids HO OH 2) Terpenoids OH 3) Phenols O Secondary metabolites are important use by humans found in plant. Most pharmaceuticals are based on plant chemical structures and secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites have been isolated O from plants which give Pharmacological effects in humans so that is HO O used as medicines. 2-6 OH Bergenia species have the following secondary metabolite Fig. 1: Bergenin 1. Bergenin 2. Tannic acid USES OF BERGENIN 3. Gallic acid Influence on Arrhythmia 4. Stigmesterol 5. β-Sitosterol Bergenin containing herbs have been used in arrhythmia. In 6. Catechin several animal models arrhythmias have been countered Ruby et al. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 5, Issue 1, 9-16 effectively with varying dosages. It is hypothesized that bergenin OH increase the parasympathetic component of the autonomic HO OH O nervous system. [15-17] HO OH OH O Inhibits Reactions Promoted By Oxygen or Peroxides HO OH O O OH Bergenin inhibit reaction promoted by oxygen and decreases lipid O O O peroxidation of cell membranes. It has antioxidant activity more O O OH than vitamin C and protects against ascorbic acid depletion in HO O O O several different body tissues. [15-17] O HO Germicide Activity O O O OH Bergenin has demonstrated Germicide activity against species E. HO O HO coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . It is also effective against O OH OH many types of fungus by blocking a crucial enzyme called yeast HO O alcohol dehydrogenase which is required for fermentation HO OH O OH HO reactions. [15-17] O Anti-hepatitis activity HO HO OH Bergenin has demonstrated anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity and weak anti-HIV activity in vitro . It is not effective at attacking HIV-I Fig. 2: Tannic acid reverse transcriptase and HIV integrase. [15-17] USES OF TANNIC ACID Liver-Protective Properties Tannic acid is commonly used in dyeing process for cellulose fibers Bergenin have protective effect on the liver against damaging such as cotton, often combined with iron. The tannin mordant environmental poisons. When bergenin have given to animal and should be done first as metal mordants combine well with the fiber- then challenged with toxins like carbon tetrachloride their livers tannin complex. Tannic acid also be used as an after treatment to experience less damage and secrete less of the indicators like improve wash fastness properties of acid dyed polyamide. It is also aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Part of an alternative for fluorocarbon after treatments to impart anti- the mechanism for this appears to be replenishment and protection staining properties to polyamide yarn. It is also use in textile of the crucial glutothione antioxidant system in liver cells burdened auxiliary as an agent to improve chlorine fastness. Tannic acid is with the tasks of neutralizing or eliminating environmental toxins. used in the conservation of ferrous metal objects to passivate and [15-17] inhibit corrosion and it is also prevent corrosion. Tannic acid is also found in commercially available iron/steel corrosion treatments Anarchic effect such as Hammerite Kurust. It is used also in food applications. It is Bergenin effects anarchic or inflammation by balancing secretion of used as process aids in beer clarification, aroma compound in soft cellular messengers (cytokines) from pro-inflammatory and drinks and juices and equally important in the wine industry, where inhibitory cells of the immune system. It inhibits the release of it finds use as a natural clarifying agent, color stabilizer and taste inflammatory cytokines like Interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon enhancer. Tannic acid was also used as a treatment for many toxic (IFN-gamma), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). It also substances, such as strychnine, mushroom, and ptomaine poisonings promotes the release of anti-inflammatory messengers like in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [20] Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5. It also stimulates the release of Tannic acid is also used for treatment in burn injuries which protective prostaglandins. [15-17] significantly reduced mortality rates. [21,22] Now a days tannic acid Chubbiness and Insulin is still used in pharmaceutical applications to produce albumin tannate which is used as an anti-diarrhea drug, anti-histamins and Bergenin also plays a role in the breakdown of fat. It is becoming a anti-tussives to impart increased stability or slow release properties popular component of thermogenic fat-burning dietary to the active pharmaceutical ingredient. supplements. It does not directly stimulate lipolysis but appears to enhance the activity of lipolytic adrenergic hormones like Tannins have many physiological effects for example [23-25] norepinephrine. It also opposes the lipogenic activities of insulin. 1. To accelerate blood clotting 2. Reduce blood pressure 3. Decrease The mechanism appears to be through the enhancement of the serum lipid level norepinephrine to phospholipids of adipose cells. It is also play moderate activity against an enzyme called protein tyrosine 4. Produce liver necrosis 5. Modulate immunoresponses. 6. Prevent phospatase 1B. This enzyme negatively regulates insulin and leptin blisters, foot odor, rough and dry feet. 7. A popular home remedy to signaling and some of the positive effects of insulin and leptin may stop the bleeding after wisdom tooth extraction is applying tea bags be enhanced by its inhibition. [15-17] in the back of the jaws and biting down, given that the tannic acid in tea helps to clot blood. Toxicity 3. GALLIC ACID Bergenin has no toxicity. It is used for long time. This has no adverse effects have been observed, even with very large dosages. [15-17] Gallic acid is found in seed of Bergenia ligulta and Bergenia ciliate [26] Gallic acid also known as 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid. [27] It 2. TANNIC ACID is a type of Phenolics has chemical formula C6H2(OH)3COOH. Gallates Tannic acid found in seed of
Recommended publications
  • Water-Wise Gardening Guide

    Water-Wise Gardening Guide

    Water-Wise Gardening Guide Water... every drop is precious! Watering Habits A water-wise landscape can be beautiful and it can help you save water too. Do you want to be a wiser water miser? You don’t have to pull out all your plants and start over. Lets begin by examining the way you water. It may surprise you to learn that it is not necessary to water every day. In fact, watering 2-3 times per week may be enough. The key is to water deeply, allowing water to penetrate through the soil and reach plant roots. Your Irrigation System Turn on your sprinkler system and observe. Does it water your plants or the sidewalk? Does water flow into the gutter? If so, you are applying water faster than your soil can absorb it. Turn on your drip irrigation system and observe. Are the emitters clogged? Is water flowing out of the pipe where your emitter should be? Check your emitters weekly, use a filter, and use a pressure regulator on your system. Check Your Soil For lawns–after watering, take a screwdriver and probe it into the soil. If you can push it 6 inches deep, you have watered enough. If you can’t, set your timer to water longer . Then wait a few days and check it again. When the screwdriver can’t go in as deep, it is time to water. For trees and shrubs-after watering, the soil should be wet 2-3 feet deep. If you can easily dig with a shovel, you have watered enough.
  • Structure Activity Relationship of Phenolic Acid Inhibitors of Α-Synuclein fibril Formation and Toxicity

    Structure Activity Relationship of Phenolic Acid Inhibitors of Α-Synuclein fibril Formation and Toxicity

    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 05 August 2014 AGING NEUROSCIENCE doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00197 Structure activity relationship of phenolic acid inhibitors of α-synuclein fibril formation and toxicity Mustafa T. Ardah 1, Katerina E. Paleologou 2, Guohua Lv 3, Salema B. Abul Khair 1, Abdulla S. Kazim 1, Saeed T. Minhas 4, Taleb H. Al-Tel 5, Abdulmonem A. Al-Hayani 6, Mohammed E. Haque 1, David Eliezer 3 and Omar M. A. El-Agnaf 1,7* 1 Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE 2 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece 3 Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA 4 Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE 5 College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE 6 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 7 Faculty of Medicine, King Abdel Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Edited by: The aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is considered the key pathogenic event in many Edward James Calabrese, University neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies and of Massachusetts/Amherst, USA multiple system atrophy, giving rise to a whole category of neurodegenerative diseases Reviewed by: known as synucleinopathies. Although the molecular basis of α-syn toxicity has not been Kenjiro Ono, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical precisely elucidated, a great deal of effort has been put into identifying compounds that Science, Japan could inhibit or even reverse the aggregation process.
  • Structure-Activity Relationships for Bergenin Analogues As Β-Secretase

    Structure-Activity Relationships for Bergenin Analogues As Β-Secretase

    Journal of Oleo Science Copyright ©2013 by Japan Oil Chemists’ Society J. Oleo Sci. 62, (6) 391-401 (2013) Structure-activity Relationships for Bergenin Analogues as β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors Yusei Kashima and Mitsuo Miyazawa＊ Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University (3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka-shi, Osaka 577-8502, JAPAN) Abstract: Here we evaluated the inhibitory effects of bergenin analogues (2-10), prepared from naturally occurring bergenin, (1) on β-secretase (BACE1) activity. All the bergenin analogues that were analyzed inhibited BACE1 in a dose-dependent manner. 11-O-protocatechuoylbergenin (5) was the most potent inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 0.6 ± 0.07 mM. The other bergenin analogues, in particular, 11-O-3′,4′- dimethoxybenzoyl)-bergenin (6), 11-O-vanilloylbergenin (7), and 11-O-isovanilloylbergenin (8), inhibited BACE1 activity with IC50 values of <10.0 mM. BACE1 inhibitory activity was influenced by the substituents of the benzoic acid moiety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the structure-activity relationships (SAR) in the BACE1 inhibitory activities of bergenin analogues. These bergenin analogues may be useful in studying the mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease. Key words: bergenin, bergenin analogues, β-secretase, antioxidant activity, structure-activity relationships 1 INTRODUCTION in adult mice was without any significant effect on brain Alzheimer’s diseas（e AD）is a neurodegenerative disorder, neuregulin processing9）, indicating that BACE1 inhibitors with symptoms such as memory loss and disruption in could be established as therapeutic targets for AD. judging, reasoning, and emotional stability. AD is pathologi- Oxidative stress also a cause of AD has been proposed to cally characterized by the accumulation of senile plaques, contribute to Aβ generation and the formation of NFT10）.
  • Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies

    Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies

    Molecules 2010, 15, 7985-8005; doi:10.3390/molecules15117985 OPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules Review Monocyclic Phenolic Acids; Hydroxy- and Polyhydroxybenzoic Acids: Occurrence and Recent Bioactivity Studies Shahriar Khadem * and Robin J. Marles Natural Health Products Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, 2936 Baseline Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-613-954-7526; Fax: +1-613-954-1617. Received: 19 October 2010; in revised form: 3 November 2010 / Accepted: 4 November 2010 / Published: 8 November 2010 Abstract: Among the wide diversity of naturally occurring phenolic acids, at least 30 hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids have been reported in the last 10 years to have biological activities. The chemical structures, natural occurrence throughout the plant, algal, bacterial, fungal and animal kingdoms, and recently described bioactivities of these phenolic and polyphenolic acids are reviewed to illustrate their wide distribution, biological and ecological importance, and potential as new leads for the development of pharmaceutical and agricultural products to improve human health and nutrition. Keywords: polyphenols; phenolic acids; hydroxybenzoic acids; natural occurrence; bioactivities 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds exist in most plant tissues as secondary metabolites, i.e. they are not essential for growth, development or reproduction but may play roles as antioxidants and in interactions between the plant and its biological environment. Phenolics are also important components of the human diet due to their potential antioxidant activity [1], their capacity to diminish oxidative stress- induced tissue damage resulted from chronic diseases [2], and their potentially important properties such as anticancer activities [3-5].
  • Phenolic Substances from Decomposing Forest Litter in Plant-Soil Interactions

    Phenolic Substances from Decomposing Forest Litter in Plant-Soil Interactions

    December 329-348 Acta Bor. Neerl. 39(4), 1990, p. Role of phenolic substances from decomposing forest litter in plant-soil interactions A.T. Kuiters Department ofEcology & Ecotoxicology, Faculty ofBiology, Free University, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands CONTENTS Introduction 329 Phenolicsubstances and site quality Polyphenol-protein complexes 331 Litter quality and humus formation 332 Site quality and plant phenolics 332 Soluble phenolics in decomposing leaflitter Leaching of phenolics from canopy and leaflitter 333 Monomeric phenolics 333 Polymeric phenolics 334 Phenolicsand soil micro-organisms Saprotrophic fungi 335 Mycorrhizal fungi 336 Actinorhizal actinomycetes 336 Nitrogen fixation and nitrification 337 Soil activity 337 Direct effects on plants Soluble phenolics in soils 338 Germinationand early seedling development 338 Mineral nutrition 339 Permeability of root membranes 340 Uptake of phenolics 340 Interference with physiological processes 341 Conclusions 341 Key-words: forest litter, mycorrhizal fungi, plant growth, phenolic substances, saprotrophs, seed germination. INTRODUCTION Phenolic substances are an important constituent of forest leaf material. Within living plant tissue they occur as free compounds or glycosides in vacuoles or are esterified to cell wall components (Harborne 1980). Major classes of phenolic compounds in higher plants are summarized in Table 1. ‘Phenolics’ are chemically defined as substances that possess an aromatic ring bearing a hydroxyl substituent, including functional derivatives
  • Purification and Characterization of a Soluble Salicylic Acid-Binding

    Purification and Characterization of a Soluble Salicylic Acid-Binding

    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 90, pp. 9533-9537, October 1993 Biochemistry Purification and characterization of a soluble salicylic acid-binding protein from tobacco (monoclonal antibody/pathogenesis-related proteins/plant defense mechanism/plant signal transduction/systemic acquired resistance) ZHIXIANG CHEN, JOSEPH W. RICIGLIANO, AND DANIEL F. KLESSIG* Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0759 Communicated by Charles S. Levings III, July 12, 1993 (received for review May 11, 1993) ABSTRACT Previously, we identified a soluble salicylic SA in the induction of defense responses is provided by the acid (SA)-binding protein (SABP) in tobacco whose properties transgenic tobacco plants which contain and constitutively suggest that it may play a role in transmitting the SA signal express the nahG gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase from during plant defense responses. This SA-binding activity has Pseudomonas putida (21). In these transgenic plants, induc- been purified 250-fold by conventional chromatography and tion of SAR by inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus was was found to copurify with a 280-kDa protein. Monoclonal blocked, presumably due to the destruction of the SA signal antibodies capable of immunoprecipitating the SA-binding by the hydroxylase. activity also immunoprecipitated the 280-kDa protein, indicat- We have been interested in identifying cellular compo- ing that it was responsible for binding SA. These antibodies also nent(s) which directly interact with SA, as a first step to recognized the 280-kDa protein in immunoblots ofthe partially elucidate the mechanism(s) of action of SA in plant signal purified SABP fraction or the crude extract.
  • MASTER PLANT LIST for WOODLAND WATER-WISE MOW

    MASTER PLANT LIST for WOODLAND WATER-WISE MOW

    MASTER PLANT LIST for WOODLAND WATEWATERR ‐WISE MOMOWW STRIPSTRIPSS Plant species included below are recommended for use in the Woodland Water‐Wise Mow Strips. See individual planting plans for design layouts, site preparation, installation and maintenance tips. SHRUBS COMMON NAME Height Width Exposure Description Botanical Name AUTUMN SAGE 3' 3' sun/part shade Small shrub with showy flowers that attract hummingbirds and beneficial insects. Many color Salvia greggii varieties flowers profusely in the spring and fall BLUE BLOSSOM (N) 3' 3' sun/part shade Best small ceanothus for Central Valley gardens; clusters of dark-violet flowers bloom in spring; Ceanothus maritimus attracts beneficial insects. Little or no pruning 'Valley Violet' required. Drought tolerant. CLEVELAND SAGE (N) 3' 3' sun/part shade Evergreen shrub produces maroon-stemmed, blue-violet flowers in spring; attracts Salvia clevelandii hummingbirds, butterflies and beneficial insects. ''WinnifredWinnifred GilmanGilman'' RemoveRemove ooldld flflowerower stastalkslks iinn summer; prune to maintain compact form. Very drought tolerant. COMPACT OREGON GRAPE 1‐3' 2‐3' part shade/shade Dark, grape-like fruits provide food for native birds; tough plant that tolerates a variety of Mahonia aquifolium garden conditions; attracts beneficial insects 'Compacta' (N) and birds. Drought tolerant. GOODWIN CREEK LAVENDER 3' 3' sun More heat resistant than English lavenders; long springi andd summer blbloom; attracts Lavendula x ginginsii hummingbirds and beneficial insects; cut back 'Goodwin Creek Grey' after flowering; drought tolerant. SPANISH LAVENDER 1.5‐3' 2‐3' sun Showiest of all the lavenders; blooming in spring; cut back to removed old flowers; attracts Lavandula stoechas butterflies and beneficial insects; drought tolerant. RED YUCCA ((N)N) 3‐4' 4 3‐ 44'sun Attractive spiky-lookingpy g leaves; ; blooms all summer long; attracts hummingbirds; very heat Hesperaloe parviflora and drought tolerant.
  • The Analysis of the Flora of the Po@Ega Valley and the Surrounding Mountains

    The Analysis of the Flora of the Po@Ega Valley and the Surrounding Mountains

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE NAT. CROAT. VOL. 7 No 3 227¿274 ZAGREB September 30, 1998 ISSN 1330¿0520 UDK 581.93(497.5/1–18) THE ANALYSIS OF THE FLORA OF THE PO@EGA VALLEY AND THE SURROUNDING MOUNTAINS MIRKO TOMA[EVI] Dr. Vlatka Ma~eka 9, 34000 Po`ega, Croatia Toma{evi} M.: The analysis of the flora of the Po`ega Valley and the surrounding moun- tains, Nat. Croat., Vol. 7, No. 3., 227¿274, 1998, Zagreb Researching the vascular flora of the Po`ega Valley and the surrounding mountains, alto- gether 1467 plant taxa were recorded. An analysis was made of which floral elements particular plant taxa belonged to, as well as an analysis of the life forms. In the vegetation cover of this area plants of the Eurasian floral element as well as European plants represent the major propor- tion. This shows that in the phytogeographical aspect this area belongs to the Eurosiberian- Northamerican region. According to life forms, vascular plants are distributed in the following numbers: H=650, T=355, G=148, P=209, Ch=70, Hy=33. Key words: analysis of flora, floral elements, life forms, the Po`ega Valley, Croatia Toma{evi} M.: Analiza flore Po`e{ke kotline i okolnoga gorja, Nat. Croat., Vol. 7, No. 3., 227¿274, 1998, Zagreb Istra`ivanjem vaskularne flore Po`e{ke kotline i okolnoga gorja ukupno je zabilje`eno i utvr|eno 1467 biljnih svojti. Izvr{ena je analiza pripadnosti pojedinih biljnih svojti odre|enim flornim elementima, te analiza `ivotnih oblika.
  • Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; Their History and Applications

    Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; Their History and Applications

    Journal of Ethnopharmacology 154 (2014) 481–536 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Ethnopharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jep Review Medicinal Plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications Alexander N. Shikov a,n, Olga N. Pozharitskaya a, Valery G. Makarov a, Hildebert Wagner b, Rob Verpoorte c, Michael Heinrich d a St-Petersburg Institute of Pharmacy, Kuz'molovskiy town, build 245, Vsevolozhskiy distr., Leningrad reg., 188663 Russia b Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig Maximilian University, D - 81377 Munich, Germany c Natural Products Laboratory, IBL, Leiden University, Sylvius Laboratory, PO Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, Sylviusweg 72 d Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines. Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London article info abstract Article history: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Due to the location of Russia between West and East, Russian Received 22 January 2014 phytotherapy has accumulated and adopted approaches that originated in European and Asian Received in revised form traditional medicine. Phytotherapy is an official and separate branch of medicine in Russia; thus, herbal 31 March 2014 medicinal preparations are considered official medicaments. The aim of the present review is to Accepted 4 April 2014 summarize and critically appraise data concerning plants used in Russian medicine. This review Available online 15 April 2014 describes the history of herbal medicine in Russia, the current situation
  • Determination of Bergenin in Different Parts of Bergenia Ciliata Using a Validated RP-HPLC Method

    Determination of Bergenin in Different Parts of Bergenia Ciliata Using a Validated RP-HPLC Method

    Natural Product Sciences 27(1) : 54-59 (2021) https://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2021.27.1.54 Determination of Bergenin in Different Parts of Bergenia ciliata using a Validated RP-HPLC Method Ejaz Ali1,*, Khalid Hussain1, Nadeem Irfan Bukhari1, Najma Arshad2, Amjad Hussain1, Nasir Abbas1, Sohail Arshad3, Sajida Parveen1, Naureen Shehzadi1, Shaista Qamar4, and Abida Qamar1 1Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan 2Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan 3Faculty of Pharmacy, Baha Uddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 4Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract Bergenia ciliata (Family: Saxifragaceae) is a folklore remedy for the treatment of various ailments in Asian countries. Bergenin (1) has been isolated as an active constituent in many studies, however, the amount of bergenin has not been determined in all parts of the plant. A simple RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the amount of bergenin in methanol extracts of leaves, rhizomes and roots of the plant. Separation was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column maintained at 25 oC using isocratic solvent system (water: methanol: acetic acid; 62.5:37:0.5 v/v/v) adjusted at pH 2 0 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. and detected at 275 nm. Correlation coefficient (0.9952) showed linearity of concentration (5-200 μg/mL) and response. The values of LOD (0.00947 μg/mL) and LOQ (0.02869 μg/mL) indicated that method was sensitive. The recovery of bergenin was 99.99-100% indicating accuracy of method.
  • Antioxidant and Antiplasmodial Activities of Bergenin and 11-O-Galloylbergenin Isolated from Mallotus Philippensis

    Antioxidant and Antiplasmodial Activities of Bergenin and 11-O-Galloylbergenin Isolated from Mallotus Philippensis

    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity Volume 2016, Article ID 1051925, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1051925 Research Article Antioxidant and Antiplasmodial Activities of Bergenin and 11-O-Galloylbergenin Isolated from Mallotus philippensis Hamayun Khan,1 Hazrat Amin,2 Asad Ullah,1 Sumbal Saba,2,3 Jamal Rafique,2,3 Khalid Khan,1 Nasir Ahmad,1 and Syed Lal Badshah1 1 Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 2Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan 3Departamento de Qu´ımica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Hamayun Khan; [email protected] Received 23 October 2015; Revised 15 January 2016; Accepted 18 January 2016 Academic Editor: Denis Delic Copyright © 2016 Hamayun Khan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Two important biologically active compounds were isolated from Mallotus philippensis. The isolated compounds were characterized using spectroanalytical techniques and found to be bergenin (1)and11-O-galloylbergenin (2). The in vitro antioxidant and antiplasmodial activities of the isolated compounds were determined. For the antioxidant potential, three standard analytical protocols, namely, DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), reducing power assay (RPA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, were adopted. The results showed that compound 2 was found to be more potent antioxidant as compared to 1. Fascinatingly, compound 2 displayed better EC50 results as compared to -tocopherol while being comparable with ascorbic acid.
  • Antiplasmodial Natural Products: an Update Nasir Tajuddeen and Fanie R

    Antiplasmodial Natural Products: an Update Nasir Tajuddeen and Fanie R

    Tajuddeen and Van Heerden Malar J (2019) 18:404 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1 Malaria Journal REVIEW Open Access Antiplasmodial natural products: an update Nasir Tajuddeen and Fanie R. Van Heerden* Abstract Background: Malaria remains a signifcant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of efective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the develop- ment of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods: Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientifc databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion: A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into≤ viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for block- ing the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.