DOCSLIB.ORG

Het Monotheïstisch Dilemma Cliteur, P.B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Het Monotheïstisch Dilemma Cliteur, P.B Het monotheïstisch dilemma Cliteur, P.B. Citation Cliteur, P. B. (2010). Het monotheïstisch dilemma. Amsterdam: De Arbeiderspers. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/74247 Version: Publisher's Version Leiden University Non-exclusive License: license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/74247 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Het monotheïstisch dilemma Ook van Paul Cliteur: Conservatisme en cultuurrecht (1989) De filosofie van mensenrechten (1997) Darwin, dier en recht (2001) Moderne Papoea’s (2002) Tegen de decadentie (2004) God houdt niet van vrijzinnigheid (2004) Moreel Esperanto (2007) Esperanto Moral (2009) The Secular Outlook (2010) Paul Cliteur Het monotheïstisch dilemma of De theologie van het terrorisme Uitgeverij De Arbeiderspers Amsterdam · Antwerpen Copyright © 2010 Paul Cliteur Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar ge- maakt, door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm of op welke andere wijze ook, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van bv Uitge- verij De Arbeiderspers, Herengracht 370-372, 1016 ch Amsterdam. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means, without written permission from bv Uitgeverij De Arbei- derspers, Herengracht 370-372, 1016 ch Amsterdam. Omslagontwerp: Sander Patelski isbn 978 90 295 7354 2 / nur 320 www.arbeiderspers.nl Voor Valéry Inhoud Inleiding 9 1 Drie religieuze terroristen 11 2 De Deense en Zweedse cartoonkwestie 59 3 De cartoonkwestie en religieus terrorisme 96 4 Religieus terrorisme en nationale soevereiniteit 133 5 Theologisch en cultureel monotheïsme 149 6 De religiekritiek van David Hume 199 7 Holbach en duaal burgerschap 222 8 Geen botsende beschavingen, maar botsende ideologieën 274 Noten 317 Register 401 Inleiding Op conferenties waar als thema religie en politiek aan de orde worden gesteld, speelt zich vaak het volgende tafereel af. Op het toneel verschijnt een dagvoorzitter die de congresgangers met een zekere voldaanheid vertelt dat het onderwerp religie ‘weer hele- maal terug’ is op de agenda. De ‘secularisatiethese’, de stelling van Weber en Durckheim dat in de moderne wereld de invloed van re- ligie op ons leven steeds verder zal afnemen, is definitief weerlegd, zo wordt ons verder verzekerd. Iedereen kan toch constateren dat mensen weer religieus zijn geworden? Maar het superieure vermaak over de naïviteit van de seculari- satietheoretici verstomt snel wanneer we ons gaan bezinnen op de hedendaagse manifestaties van die religieuze herleving. Want zelfs de meest geharnaste sympathisant van ‘het religieuze in de mens’ kan niet ontkennen dat het niet alles goud is wat er blinkt. Zelfmoord- commando’s die zich beroepen op hun religieuze overtuiging, abortusartsen die door religieuze fanatici worden vermoord, en bedenkelijke opvattingen over homoseksualiteit en man-vrouw- verhoudingen. Dat alles wordt met religieuze argumentaties on- derbouwd. Veel van de gewelddadigste conflicten waarmee we in deze tijd geconfronteerd worden, hebben te maken met religieuze tegenstellingen, zoals de historicus Christopher Catherwood heeft betoogd.1 Het monotheïstisch dilemma is aan dit soort religiositeit gewijd, meer in het bijzonder: aan het geweldspotentieel zoals dat be- sloten ligt in de drie monotheïstische godsdiensten: jodendom, christendom en islam. Het boek is in zekere zin een vervolg op mijn eerdere boeken. In Moderne Papoea’s (2002) ging het om de schaduwzijden van het multiculturalisme (dat ik afwijs) als ideo- 9 logie van de multiculturele samenleving (die ik verwelkom). In Tegen de decadentie (2004) staat de houding van de Nederlandse politieke en bestuurlijke elite centraal. In Moreel Esperanto (2007) heb ik een pleidooi gehouden voor een religieus neutrale staat en een religieloze publieke moraal. In dit boek probeer ik de vraag te behandelen die mij al jarenlang fascineert: hoe hangt religie, in het bijzonder de monotheïstische religies, samen met geweld? En hoe moeten staat en samenleving reageren op religieus gemotiveerd geweld? Een boek schrijven is een eenzame aangelegenheid, maar en- kele mensen die mij hebben geholpen wil ik hier graag noemen. Allereerst Afshin Ellian, mijn naaste collega, coördinator van het onderzoeksproject ‘Sociale cohesie, multiculturalisme en globali- sering’, waarbinnen dit boek tot stand is gekomen. Afshin is niet alleen een groot theoreticus, maar bovendien wat we in Nederland noemen een ‘ervaringsdeskundige’ ten aanzien van veel van de on- derwerpen die ik hier bespreek. Bovendien is de titel van dit boek een klein beetje gestolen van hem. Als tweede wil ik bedanken Emmie Poutsma en Patricia Bred- dels van het secretariaat metajuridica aan de Universiteit Leiden. Zij maken het mogelijk dat ik als wetenschappelijk directeur van het Instituut Metajuridica kan functioneren (althans, dat hoop ik dan maar) zonder dat ik mij behoef te bekommeren om allerlei praktische administratieve zaken. Ten derde gaat mijn dank uit naar de filosoof Floris van den Berg, die dit manuscript weer kritisch heeft doorgelezen. Ten slot- te wil ik, als altijd, de grootste inspiratie van mijn leven danken: Carla Zoethout. Natuurlijk haast ik mij na het opvoeren van zoveel autoriteiten toe te voegen dat voor alle fouten en misverstanden in dit boek maar één persoon tekent, en dat ben ikzelf. Leiden, september 2010 10 1 Drie religieuze terroristen Onder terroristisch oogmerk wordt verstaan het oogmerk om de bevolking of een deel der bevolking van een land ernstige vrees aan te jagen, dan wel een overheid of internationale or- ganisatie wederrechtelijk te dwingen iets te doen, niet te doen of te dulden, dan wel de fundamentele politieke, constitutio- nele of sociale structuren van een land of een internationale organisatie ernstig te ontwrichten of te vernietigen. Artikel 83a Wetboek van Strafrecht Op de eerste kerstdag van 2009 haalde Nederland het wereld- nieuws door het heldhaftige optreden van de Nederlandse onder- nemer Jasper Schuringa (geb. 1967).1 Schuringa bevond zich op vlucht 253 van Northwest Airlines van Amsterdam naar Detroit. Tijdens de vlucht bleek zich ook een terrorist in het vliegtuig te bevinden: de Nigeriaan Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab (geb. 1986). De terrorist had in zijn ondergoed genaaid explosief materiaal bij zich (waardoor hij al snel bekendstond als de ‘Underwear Bom- ber’)2. Bij het naderen van Detroit probeerde hij dat tot ontbran- ding te brengen, maar door een snelle actie van de medepassagiers, onder wie Schuringa, werd Abdulmutallab overmeesterd en de aanslag mislukte. Volgens de aanklacht zou Abdulmutallab het explosieve mate- riaal in Jemen hebben ontvangen, waar ook Al-Qaida al jarenlang actief is. Tijdens het verhoor verklaarde Abdulmutallab inderdaad tot het netwerk van Al-Qaida te behoren en het verbaasde dan ook niemand dat de aanslag werd opgeëist door Osama Bin Laden (geb. 1957). Dat gebeurde in een één minuut durend geluidsband- je dat naar de nieuwszender Al Jazeera was opgestuurd.3 Op dat 11 bandje zei de leider van Al-Qaida: ‘Met de wil van God zullen onze aanvallen doorgaan zolang als uw steun aan de Israëli’s doorgaat.’4 En met het literaire gevoel dat Bin Laden eigen is5 ging hij ver- der met: ‘Als onze boodschappen u met woorden hadden bereikt dan was het niet nodig geweest deze via vliegtuigen te sturen.’6 Hij richtte zich direct tot president Obama met het rijmpaar ‘Van Osa ma naar Obama’ (‘from Osama to Obama’). Opvallender dan de bijvalsverklaring door de geestelijke vader van Abdulmutallab was eigenlijk de verklaring van diens biologi- sche vader. Deze distantieerde zich van zijn zoon. De vader van Abdulmutallab deed iets, zo schrijft de Amerikaanse journalist en columnist Thomas Friedmann (geb. 1953), wat de vader van geen enkele zelfmoordterrorist gedaan heeft.7 De vader van Ab- dulmutallab bleek de Nigeriaanse bankier en ex-minister Alhaji Umaru Mutallab (geb. 1939) te zijn. Hij had contact opgenomen met de Amerikaanse ambassade in Nigeria om te waarschuwen dat uit boodschappen van zijn zoon viel op te maken dat deze zich in Jemen bevond en waarschijnlijk een gevaarlijke radicaal was ge- worden. De vader zei: ‘Mijn eigen zoon is onder invloed geraakt van een jihadistische versie van de islam die mij grote vrees inboe- zemt.’8 In 2005 had zijn zoon Umar al een tekst op een internetsite geplaatst waaruit zijn opvattingen duidelijk naar voren kwamen: ‘Ik droom ervan hoe de jihad zal uitbreken, hoe de moslims zullen winnen, de wereld zullen overheersen en opnieuw een groots rijk zullen stichten.’ Het is maar één bericht waaruit blijkt dat religieus gemotiveerd terrorisme niet tot het verleden behoort, maar een zekere aanhang heeft en de veiligheidsdiensten en de samenleving als geheel voor een uitdaging plaatst. Maar direct na deze simpele feiten begin- nen de verschillen in interpretatie. Hoe moeten we dit waarderen? Gaat het hier om een ‘enkele gek’ of maakt dit incident onderdeel uit van een groter patroon? En hoe moeten we dit patroon waar- deren? Abdulmutallab is een gelovige moslim. Heeft zijn actie iets met ‘de islam’ te maken? Of met ‘de moslims’? Of moeten we zijn actie verklaren als politiek gemotiveerd? Tijdens de actie zou hij ‘Afghanistan’ hebben geroepen. Daar- mee beginnen de problemen. Nu doel ik niet op de problemen van 12 het terrorisme, maar van de discussie over de oorzaken van het ter- rorisme. Hier gaat het immers om een kwestie die twee groepen theoretici nu al decennialang verdeeld houdt. De ene groep ver- klaart het hedendaagse
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Israel's National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict
    Leap of Faith: Israel’s National Religious and the Israeli- Palestinian Conflict Middle East Report N°147 | 21 November 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iv I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Religious Zionism: From Ascendance to Fragmentation ................................................ 5 A. 1973: A Turning Point ................................................................................................ 5 B. 1980s and 1990s: Polarisation ................................................................................... 7 C. The Gaza Disengagement and its Aftermath ............................................................. 11 III. Settling the Land .............................................................................................................. 14 A. Bargaining with the State: The Kookists ................................................................... 15 B. Defying the State: The Hilltop Youth ........................................................................ 17 IV. From the Hills to the State ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Motivation Based Classification of Terrorism
    Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal A Motivation Based Classification of Terrorism Abstract Review Article Terrorism has been of great concern in the modern world for over a century now. Volume 5 Issue 2 - 2017 Several strategies have been developed and implemented in order to counter Department of Criminal Justice, Minot State University, USA terrorist activities and undo the harm caused by terrorist organizations. These efforts require to have a clear understanding about different types of terrorism *Corresponding author: in order to increase their effectiveness. This review study contributes to the efforts in understanding different types of terrorist organizations through a Hasan Buker, Department of “motivation-based model.” Three different types of terrorist organizations were Criminal Justice, Minot State University, North Dakota, USA, identified through a systematic review of relevant literature and examples of Tel: 1-701-8583303/7015004697; Email: terrorist organizations under these types are examined in this study. A discussion Received: | Published: on improving our understanding of the typologies of terrorism concludes this review study. June 26, 2017 July 11, 2017 Introduction is an evolving, multifaceted, and complicated phenomena. The more the political and academic fields gain a comprehensive Classification, as an operation in science, refers to “the objects grasp of that very phenomena, the better they will be to or events of a given set are grouped into two or more subsets develop more comprehensive typologies. Hence, providing according to the perceived similarities of their states on one or the agencies developing counter-terrorism strategies with an (more frequently) several properties; subsets may be successively ample perspective to tailor their approaches with a substantial grouped into subsets of wider extension and higher hierarchical consideration into the similarities and differences of different level” [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Cutty Sark “564” ***
    Cutty Sark “564” *** BUILDING INSTRUCTION This model is Copyright protected. All Copyrights to the designs of this version of the Cutty Sark belongs to Billing Boats Denmark Aps www.billingboats.com 040119 CUTTY SARK, 1869 Masterne anbringes i skroget som vist på hovedtegningen med den korrekte hældningsgrad. De Det mest berømte af klipperskibene, Cutty Sark, Nu tilpasses mellemstykkerne. De skal glide nemt på fastgøres med det stående gods (stag, vanter etc. af ligger idag bevaret for efterverdenen i en tørdok i plads. Derefter limes de fast. rigningstråd). Denne del af rigningen er nummereret Greenwich. Det blev bygget til at fragte fra Kina og og kendetegnet med et ”R”, så De kan se, hvor hver var konstrueret af Hercules Linton med det formål Mellemlisterne afkortes på længde (se tegning) og enkelt del fastgøres på skroget. at slå Termopylae, der mentes at være den tids limes i hakket ved spant og bjælkebugt. hurtigste skib, begge skibe havde stort set samme hoveddimensioner: længde 64,7m, bredde 11m og Tegningen viser, hvor mange spanter listerne skal dybde 6,4m, Cutty Sark havde en nettotonnage på spænde over. Fig. 12-14 921 tons mod Termopylaes 948 tons. Da det grundet Hakkene i dækket tilpasses. mange århundreders skibsbyggeri var vanskeligt at Montering af ræer. Disse anbringes på masterne som vist på plan 1. få godt egetræ i England, og da man desuden havde Delene sammenlimes som vist på tegningen. lagt mærke til, at egespanterne tog for meget af Hvis modellen skal have sejl, er det bedst, at montere det dyrebare lastrum, var det blevet moderne med sejlene på ræerne nu.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel: Growing Pains at 60
    Viewpoints Special Edition Israel: Growing Pains at 60 The Middle East Institute Washington, DC Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints are another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US rela- tions with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org The maps on pages 96-103 are copyright The Foundation for Middle East Peace. Our thanks to the Foundation for graciously allowing the inclusion of the maps in this publication. Cover photo in the top row, middle is © Tom Spender/IRIN, as is the photo in the bottom row, extreme left.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Conserve the Cutty Sark? Transcript
    Why conserve the Cutty Sark? Transcript Date: Monday, 17 October 2011 - 1:00PM Location: Museum of London 17 October 2011 Why Conserve the Cutty Sark? Richard Doughty Good afternoon. My name is Richard Doughty, and I am the Chief Executive of The Cutty Sark Trust. Gresham College have invited me here today to address the question: Why Conserve the Cutty Sark? One of the main advantages of talking about Cutty Sark is being able to say, without sparing anybody’s blushes, this is a ship which needs no introduction. Captain Moodie, her first captain, claimed she would ‘last forever’. So far he seems to have been proved right. Although she was built to have a working life of just thirty years, she is still with us 143 years on – nearly fivefold her original life expectancy. Famously Cutty Sark survived the fire in May 2007 which stretched from stem to stern, and reached temperatures in excess of 1000oc. If there was anything positive that came out that day, it was that this was not just a local story, not even a national story, but an international story.The four corners of the earth were shocked at what they saw and heard on worldwide broadcasts. I have always maintained Cutty Sark – the greyhound of the sea – is the best known historical vessel and for me that day proved it beyond the shadow of a doubt. In the week of the fire Cutty Sark received no less than six solid hours of mainstream television and radio coverage in the UK alone.But before I go any further I thought I should pause briefly and qualify my claim that Cutty Sark is the most famous ship in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Being a Beautiful Scotland Judge.Pdf
    Adrian Miles Judging for Beautiful Scotland Good afternoon everyone Thank you for your words of introduction It was my privilege to visit Inverbervie on our Judge’s tour at the end of July as one of nine communities represented in this year’s ‘Large Village’ category. So in a couple of minutes I’ll be telling you about my visit there from a Judge’s perspective. The slides I show will give you just a tiny sample of what we saw and noted. But first - It’s been interesting for me to consider how we, as judges, are viewed as the great day approaches. 1 The Judges are coming! And this is courtesy of Coupar Angus Pride of Place We already have a good idea of what to expect on a visit, as each group provides a portfolio, and this is a great way to evidence your activities during the rest of the year. We also look at any social media sites the groups have to assess how well news and activities are communicated And I have a couple of examples from Bloom group sites, giving you an idea of the group’s rallying cries for last minute preparations. 2 “One of our final jobs is cleaning the bus stop at the top of The Avenue along with the one outside the Post Office and we need your help! We need a couple of folk willing to give them a clean for us” “One of our final jobs is cleaning the bus stop at the top of The Avenue along with the one outside the Post Office and we need your help! We need a couple of folk willing to give them a clean for us”.
    [Show full text]
  • Grace Notes Newsletter of the Memphis Scottish Society, Inc
    GRACE NOTES Newsletter of the Memphis Scottish Society, Inc. Vol. 36 No. 9 • September 2020 President’s Letter The pandemic curse of 2020 is still with us. Mary Ann is plan- ning on “Short Subjects” for the next meeting with several 5-10 minute presentations for the September Zoom meeting. Remember that the annual dues are due, $25 for family and $20 for an individual. Please mail them directly to the treasurer, Deb- bie Sellmansberger, at 14670 Hwy 193, Williston, TN 38076. You Memphis can also renew through the memphisscots.com website. Click on Scottish the large “+” in the top right corner and the rightmost box is for Join/Renew. The number of renewals will indicate whether the Society, Inc. Memphis Scottish Society survives COVID-19. Board There is the issue of officers elections coming up. Four of the current board members will be term limited out of office for next President year. Normally there is the nomination and election by the mem- John Schultz bership of one of the three members of the nominating commit- 901-754-2419 tee. I would like to have someone volunteer for that position to be [email protected] “elected” at the October meeting. The other members are some- one I, as president, appoint and the past president. With Melissa’s Vice President passing, as the president before her, I will be the third member. Mary Ann Lucas 901-725-1879 John Schultz [email protected] Treasurer Debbie Sellmansberger 901-465-4739 [email protected] Secretary Sammy Rich 901-496-2193 [email protected] Members at Large Shari Moore 901-598-1802 [email protected] Kathy Schultz 901-754-2419 [email protected] September Meeting Program: Holly Staggs presented by Mary Ann Lucas via Zoom 901-215-4839 [email protected] “Scottish Short Subjects” See page 2 for further information Tennessee Tartan.
    [Show full text]
  • Paine, Ships of the World Bibliography
    Bibliography The bibliography includes publication data for every work cited in the source notes of the articles. It should be noted that while there are more than a thousand titles listed, this bibliography can by no means be considered exhaustive. Taken together, the literature on the Titanic, Bounty, and Columbus’s Niña, Pinta, and Santa María comprises hundreds of books and articles. Even a comprehensive listing of nautical bibliographies is impossible here, though four have been especially helpful in researching this book: Bridges, R.C., and P. E. H. Hair. Compassing the Vaste Globe of the Earth: Studies in the History of the Hakluyt Society 1846–1896. London: Hakluyt Society, 1996. Includes a list of the more than 300 titles that have appeared under the society’s imprint. Labaree, Benjamin W. A Supplement (1971–1986) to Robert G. Albion’s Naval & Maritime History: An Annotated Bibliography. 4th edition. Mystic, Conn.: Mystic Seaport Museum, 1988. Law, Derek G. The Royal Navy in World War Two: An Annotated bibliography. London: Greenhill Books, 1988. National Maritime Museum (Greenwich, England). Catalogue of the Library, Vol. 1, Voyages and Travel. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1968. There are many interesting avenues of research in maritime history on the Internet. Two have been particularly useful: Maritime History Virtual Archives, owned and administered by Lar Bruzelius. URL: http://pc-78– 120.udac.se:8001/WWW/Nautica/Nautica.html Rail, Sea and Air InfoPages and FAQ Archive (Military and TC FAQs), owned and administered by Andrew Toppan. URL: http://www.membrane.com/~elmer/ mirror: http://www.announce.com/~elmer/.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mack Walks: Short Walks in Scotland Under 10 Km Inverbervie
    The Mack Walks: Short Walks in Scotland Under 10 km Inverbervie-Gourdon-Bikmane Hill Circuit (Aberdeenshire) Route Summary This is a varied coastal walk with interesting historical associations. The outward leg is an easy stroll along the flat rocky foreshore between the neighbouring settlements of Inverbervie and Gourdon, while the return section ascends onto a steep hillside with fine, open views. Duration: 3 hours. Route Overview Duration: 3 hours. Transport/Parking: Frequent Stagecoach bus services. See timetables. Free parking at walk start/end point. Length: 9.590 km / 5.99 mi Height Gain: 200 meter. Height Loss: 200 meter. Max Height: 132 meter. Min Height: 4 meter. Surface: Moderate. .Good paths and tracks. May be muddy in places. Some walking on paved surfaces. Difficulty: Medium. Child Friendly: Yes, if children are used to walks of this distance and overall ascent. Dog Friendly: Yes, but keep dogs on lead on public roads and near farm animals. Refreshments: Options in Gourdon and Inverbervie. Description This is a very pleasant and invigorating walk along the old Kincardineshire coast between the small coastal town of Inverbervie and the old fishing village of Gourdon. The return leg ascends onto Bikmane (or Gourdon) Hill to take a section of the “Lang Rig”, the old coach road, now a grassy track, that preceded the modern A92 coastal road. In this elevated section, we take a short diversion to visit the Gourdon Long Cairn (known locally as the “War Woof”), a large and elongated Neolithic burial mound, now entirely covered in turf, set in a commanding position overlooking the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel (Includes West Bank and Gaza) 2020 International Religious Freedom Report
    ISRAEL (INCLUDES WEST BANK AND GAZA) 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The country’s laws and Supreme Court rulings protect the freedoms of conscience, faith, religion, and worship, regardless of an individual’s religious affiliation. The 1992 Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty describes the country as a “Jewish and democratic state.” The 2018 Basic Law: Israel – The Nation State of the Jewish People law determines, according to the government, that “the Land of Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish people; the State of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish People, in which it realizes its natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination; and exercising the right to national self- determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish People.” In June, authorities charged Zion Cohen for carrying out attacks on May 17 on religious institutions in Petah Tikva, Ashdod, Tel Aviv, and Kfar Saba. According to his indictment, Cohen sought to stop religious institutions from providing services to secular individuals, thereby furthering his goal of separating religion and the state. He was awaiting trial at year’s end. In July, the Haifa District Court upheld the 2019 conviction and sentencing for incitement of Raed Salah, head of the prohibited Islamic Movement, for speaking publicly in favor an attack by the group in 2017 that killed two police officers at the Haram al-Sharif/Temple Mount. In his defense, Salah stated that his views were religious opinions rooted in the Quran and that they did not include a direct call to violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Islamofascism Even a Thing? the Case of the Indonesian Islamic
    Is Islamofascism even a thing? Th e case of the Indonesian Islamic Defenders’ Front (FPI) Stephen Miller Abstract—Although a term with roots going back to 1933, “Islamofascism” did not gain wide-spread use until the beginning of the 21st century. In the West the term has often been associated with conservative and far right-wing politics, giving it Islamophobic overtones. However, in Indonesia and other Muslim majority coun- tries at times it can emerge in public discussion and debates as a rhetorical weapon of liberal intellectuals when discussing conserva- tive and far right-wing “Islamist” organizations—although in Indo- nesia the more common term is “religious fascist.” Th is paper exam- ines theories of fascism built up in “Fascist Studies” (the so-called “New Consensus”), as well as those of non-Stalinist Marxists and longue durée approaches to the history of fascism and the far right to see what light they might shed on the character of the Indonesian Islamic Defenders’ Front (Front Pembela Islam, FPI). It concludes that while “Islamofascism” might be an interesting and productive stepping-off point, and while there are some parallels that can be drawn between FPI politics and ideology and those of fascism and far right politics as identifi ed in this literature, the term “Islamofas- cist” is nevertheless problematic. Th is is both because of its Islamo- phobic overtones and because the politics and ideology of the FPI are still coalescing as the organization emerges on the national stage. Keywords: Fascism, Islamic Defenders’ Front (FPI), Indonesia, ideology, Islamofascist Asian Review 30(2), 2017, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • DIVISION for Paesllnlan RIGHTS
    DIVISION FOR PAESllNlAN RIGHTS SECOND UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL NGO MEETING ON THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE 9-12 September 1985 Palais des Nations, Geneva 86-00460 CONTENTS I. DECLARATION OF THE NON-GOVERNENTAL ORGAN IZAT IONS AT THE SECOND UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL NGO MEETING ON THE QUESTION OF PALESTINE ........................... 1 11. OPENING STATEMENT BY MR. BORIS IVANOVICH KORNEENKO, HEAD OF THE DELEGATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE EXERCISE OF THE INALIENABLE RIGHTS OF THE PALESTINIAN PEOPLE ............ 6 111. MESSAGE FROM MR. YASSES ARAFAT, CHAIRMAN OF TRE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF TRE PALESTINE LIBERATION ORGANIZATION ... 8 IV. KEYNOTE ADDRESS BY HIS EXCELLENCY DR. BRUNO KREISKY, FORMER CHANCELLOR OF AUSTRIA ................................... 10 V. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE MEETING ................................ 13 A. Overview and update on the current situation in the occupied territories ..................... 13 1. Whammed K. Shadid, Ph.D. , Associate Professor of Political Science, Al-Najah Uriversity, Nablus, West Bank ......................................... 13 2. shafiq Al-Hcut, Menber of the Palestine National Council... 29 B. Ways and means to implement Uhited Nations resolution 38/58 C: The International Peace Conference on the Middle East is the means for a just, durable and comprehensive solution to the question of Palestine and the Middle East conflict ........'34 1. mgeniy primakov, Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies, Institute of the USSR Aeademy of Sciences ........ 34 2. Mattiyahu Peled, Merher of messet for the Progressive List for Peace, Chairman of the Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace and Professor of Arabic Literaare at Tel Aviv miversity ......... :............... 38 3. Tawfiq Zayyad, Mayor of Nazareth .......................... 41 4. Amnm Zichrmi, Attorney and Member, Israeli Council for Israeli-Palestinian Peace ....................
    [Show full text]