A Melanesia Bibliography : Selected References for Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Irian

PIDP

Pacific Islands Development Program

A MELANESIA BIBLIOGRAPHY

Selected References for Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Sol anon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Irian Jaya : A MELANESIA BIBLIOGRAPHY

Selected References for Fijif Papua New Guinea, Sol anon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia and Irian Jay a

Terence A. Wesley-Snith Michael P. Hamnett

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Honolulu, Hawaii

May 1984

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction 1 v

Guide to Periodicals 4 .

Bibliography

General sources on the Pacific 7

General Melanesia 9

Fiji 12

Papua New Guinea 17

Sol anon Islands 32

Vanuatu 35

New Caledonia 39

Irian Jaya 41

XNTOCDOCTIDN

This bihliograptay was compiled to provide students of Melanesia with

an introduction to the literature on an important sub-region of Oceania. Much more has been written about Melanesia than about Polynesia or Micronesia. This

is not surprising considering the size of the states and territories of

Melanesia relative to other Pacific Island entities, Thusf over 80 percent of

all Pacific Islanders reside in the independent countries of Fiji, Papua New

Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, the French territory of New Caledonia, and

the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya. The combined land area of these

entities represents about 98 percent of the total land area of the Pacific

Islands.

Melanesia is treated apart from the rest of Oceania for the purposes of the bibliography primarily because this reflects a useful convention in the literature it surveys. The convention has arisen because of certain important

characteristics that serve to distinguish the region from surrounding areas.

The dark skin color of its inhabitants is only the most obvious such characteristic. This, along with the virtual absence of centralized

"traditional" political systems based on hereditary chiefs, provides the main justifications for distinguishing Melanesian societies from those of Polynesia to the east. More generally, the extreme linguistic and cultural fragmentation of Melanesia is in contrast to the relative homogeneity of Polynesia. The large size and mountainous topography of many Melanesian islands provide an additional geographical reason for considering Melanesia separately from both

Polynesia and Micronesia, the proliferation of small, scattered islands to the north. But perhaps the most compelling reason for treating Melanesia on its own is the growing sense of a separate identity among Melanesians. The concept

Pacific Islands Development Program

East-West Center of the Melanesian Alliance, promoted most vigorously in recent years by Vanuatu

Prime Minister, Walter Lini, is but the latest in a series of manifestations of a significant Melanesian self-consciousness.

If the internal shared characteristics are significant enough to justify separate treatment for Melanesia, the boundaries of the region renain somewhat arbitrary. While Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New

Caledonia are clearly part of Melanesia according to most criteria, Fiji's status is more problematic* The indigenous population of Fiji has, despite some linguistic, cultural and physical variation, a much more homogeneous tradition than that of Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands or Vanuatu. In addition, the "traditional" political organization certainly shows Tongan and perhaps other Polynesian influences especially in the eastern part of the

island group. Cri the other hand, some characteristics, notably the physical appearance of many Fijians, suggest a Melanesian affinity. For present purposes, we have followed the example set in some of the best general sources on Melanesia (e.g. Brookfield's Melanesia and Chowning's Introduction to the

Peoples and Qflfcyaa o£ Melanesia) and included the rich literature on Fiji.

It is not easy to determine exactly where the western boundary of

Melanesia lies since here the linguistic, cultural, ethnic and geographical signals become most confused. But it is quite clear that most (if not all) of what is now the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya can be regarded as an

integral part of Melanesia even if its political connections with Asia have served to exclude it from many general works on the Pacific Thus, we have included Irian Jaya in this bibliography.

The bibliography contains, in the authors' view, the major contributions to the literature on Melanesia. We have tried to provide as wide a topical coverage as possible so that readers can choose selectively according

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center to their interests. However, this has not always been easy since most of the

published sources are ethnographies. We have attanpted to counter this

inevitable anthropological bias by including works on other topics where these

are available. Publications on change and development, politics and economics

have tended to appear just prior to independence or shortly thereafter.

Political "crises," such as secessionist unrest in Papua New Guinea and

Vanuatu, or independence struggles in Irian Jaya and New Caledonia also tend to

precipitate a surge of non-anthropological analyses.

Variations in geographical coverage axe also apparent in the

literature on Melanesia and are inevitably reflected in this bibliography.

Thus Papua New Guinea is by far the best documented country in the region, while the lumber of works on Vanuatu, Irian Jaya and Solomon Islands is meager

ty comparison. Our listings for the latter countries therefore represent a

larger proportion of the total literature available and the listings for Papua

New Guinea and Fiji are more selective.

The bibliography is divided into nine sections. The first identifies

general sources on Oceania that focus to sane extent on Melanesia. The second section lists some general sources on Melanesia. Sections three through eight are devoted to the literature specific to the countries and territories of

Melanesia: Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and

Irian Jaya. A guide to some currently-published (May 1984) periodicals of

interest to students of Melanesia precedes the bibliography proper.

This project arose from work undertaken by the authors in preparing

"Melanesia: A Bibliographic Essay" for inclusion in a collection edited by

Miles Jackson and entitled Handbook of Resources for Pacific Studies, This will be published by Greewood Press in 1984.

Pacific Islands Development Program

East-West Center SCME CURRENT PERIODICALS WITH yELPtiESIM RELEVANCE

TITLE PUBLISHER FREQUENCY* REMARKS

Australian Journal Uhiversity of 3X year Scholarly journal which publishes of Politics and Queensland Papua New Guinea political Biateg Press, P.O chronicles regularly. Box 42, St Lucia 4067 Queensland

Australian 3X year Occasional articles on Melanesian QuUwK Institute of countries, particularly PN3. International Useful Book Review section. Affairs, Box E 181, QVT P.O Canberra, 2600

Asia Yearbook Far Eastern Annual Comprehensive summary of events Economic and trends in Asia, Includes a Review, GPO a section on ENG. Box 160, Hong Kong

Bikmaus HNGS, P.O Quarterly A journal of HC affairs, 1432, Boroko, ideas and the arts. EN3

The Fiji Society; The Fiji Annual Contains scholarly papers lomactiaaLapfl Society, presented to the society's P.O Box 1205, meetings. proceedings Suva Hie Fiji Sun Newspapers of Daily Newspaper of Fiji. Fiji, P.O Box 354, Suva

The Fiii Times GPO Box 1167, Dally Old-established newspaper of Fiji. Gordon St. Suva

News (South Monthly Newsmagazine with articles on Pacific) Ltd. Current affairs in the Pacific P.O Box 5176, Islands, including Melanesia. Raiwaqa, Suva Less news and more investigative reporting than Pacific Islands Monthly,

Journal de la Socifetfe des Quarterly Focusses on the French Pacific and li&Ldss Oc6anistes, includes scholarly articles on QaaoMtfiB Mus£e de New Caledonia and Vanuatu. l'Hcmne, French- and Engl ish-language 75116, Paris articles.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center The Journal of Australian Quarterly Scholarly articles on historical National and contemporary issues in the University, Pacific, including Melanesia. P.O Box 4, Excellent annual bibliography. Canberra 2600 Msa Zealand IC Institute 6X year Articles on Melanesian countries international of International from time to time. Review Affairs, P.O Box 19-102, Aro St. Wellington

Niuoini Nius Box 3019 3X week One of the English-language Boroko, newspapers of PN3. Papua New Guinea

Les Nouvelles Box 176 weekly Leading French-language Calfocnienness Rue de la newspaper of New Caledonia. Rfepublique, Good coverage of the Francophone Noumea Pacific Oceanifl Olivers! ty Quarterly A journal of anthropology in the of Sydhey, Pacific Islands including New South Melanesia. Wales 2006 Pacific islands Pacific Monthly Leading newsmagazine with the best Monthly Publications, general coverage of all the GPO BOX 3408, Pacific Islands. Sychey 2001

Par.ifir: TfllanA? Pacific Annual Invaluable source of information ygarhnnlc Publications, on Melanesian countries. GPO Box 3408, Sychey 2001 Pacific Magazine Box 25488, 2X month Articles and news reports on the Honolulu Pacific Islands with some 96825 Melanesian material. Pacific Perspective South Pacific 2X year Articles by Pacific Islanders on Social Sciences contemporary issues. Includes Association, Melanesian material. P.O Box 5083, Suva Pacific fttoriiffi Institute for 2X year Scholarly journal focussing on Polynesian Polynesia but with increasing Studies, attention to Melanesia. Brigham Young University, Laie, Hawaii

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center PflPffl BBS ^inea P.O Box 85 Daily Longest-established English- Post-Courier Port Moresby language newspaper of ENG. Research in Department of Quarterly Journal of social science research Anthropology, in ENG. Bnphasis on anthropology. P.O Box 320, Lists research projects and recent University, publications. Useful information Papua New for intending researchers in ENG. Guinea Sfllflaop Islands Government Monthly Government newspaper of Solomon Government Information Islands. Monthly Magazine Service, Honiara Solomon star P.O Box 255, weekly Solomon Islands newspaper Honiara published in English. The South Pacific South Pacific Quarterly Articles and news on SPC Bulletin Commission, regional activities. Box 306, Haymarket, New South Wales 2000 The South Sea Pacific 2X month Brief but valuable newsletter on Digest Publications, current affairs in the Pacific GPO Box 3408, Islands including Melanesia from Sydney 2001 the publishers of Pacific Islands Monthly.

P.O Box 927, Weekly Government-owned Vanuatu newspaper Vila, published in Bislama, English and Vanuatu French. The Times of P.O Box 1982 2X week PNG newspaper noted for its Papua Hew Guinea Boroko, investigative reporting and in- HG depth articles. Trente Jours B.P 370, Monthly French-language newsmagazine 40, Rue de of the Pacific Islands. R&publique, Francophone equivalent of Noumea Pacific Islands Monthly. BE BaafaiMtop Washington 2X month Brief newsletter covering Pacific Report Pacific events in the Pacific Basin, Group, P.O including Melanesia. Box 14078, Washington DC 20044-4078 Yaql-flnfeu Box 320, Quarterly Academic journal of the social university sciences and humanities in ENG. P.O, PNG

Pacific Islands Development Program East-west Center A MELANESIA BIBLIOGRAPHY Note; Important sources in each section are in bold print. General Sources on the Pacific with Melanesian Relevance Australian Council for Overseas Aid. 1978. South Pacific Dossier. Canberra: ACPOA. Barclay, G. St. J. 1979. A History of the Pacific from the Stone Ace to the Present Day. London: Sidwick & Jackson.

Bellwood, Peter. 1979. Man's Conrmffit of frhfiPffffTififf - New York: Oxford university Press.

Brookfield, H. (ed.) 1973. fla BBjfiC Transition- Canberra: Australian National university Press.

Crocombe, R.G. 1978. The New South Pacific. Wellington: Reed Education in Association with the University of the South Pacific. (ed) 1971. Land Tenure in the Pacific. Melbourne: Oxford university Press. Harding, T.G. and B.J. Wallace. 1970. mitnre« of the Pacific- New York: Free Press.

Howell, W. 1973. EttCiflfi TfflnfrTff London: Weidenfeld and tttcolBon. Hewlett, D. (forthcoming). Pacific 2000. Canberra: Australian University Press. King, F.P. (ed.) 1976. Oceania and Beyond. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Mamak, A. and A. Ali. 1979. Bffifi QaM f^TY?p ftt¥>11inn IN BE SOUth Pacific. Studies in Society #4. Sychey: George Allen Unwin.

Oliver, D. 1975. T*ni*i<* jgfrgfa Revised Edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. v*rifin TgiAnArTfn r flmft FmfffTth Fffitim 1984. 3v*ey: Pacific Publications (Aust.) pty. Ltd. Saolins, M.D. 1968. "Poor Man, Rich Mm, Big-Man, Chief," in P. V&yda's Peoples and CnltnreB of the Pacific- Hew York: The natural History Press. Originally published in Comparative ffrnrllffl 1n fiocigtY ml fflfftnry. 5 (1963). Stanner, W.E.H. 1953. flgSfiUtf a SflflB in Transition. S^aiey: Australian Publishing Company.

7 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Taylor, C.R.H. 1965. A Pacific Bibliography, 2nd ed. London: Oxford University Press.

Tnmbuii, R. 1977. Tin Roofs and Ealffl Trees; A Report OP the New south Seas. Seattle: University of Washington Press. vaydar p. 1968. ppryi^ gpjj mifairpa of H»» BBClflC* Hew York: The Natural History Press. west, F.J. 1961. PQI itl

8 Pacific Islands Development Program Bast-West Center General Melanesia

Mien, M.R. 1967. Hate cults and Sflcifit initiations in Melanesia* Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 14p. Barrau, J. 1958. afffiifftfflfflf tefiffliltHrf in Mflflnfaia* Honolulu: Bernice P. Bishop Noseta Bulletin #219.

Belshawf cs. 1954. Qmqipg Melanesia; Social Bcamlcs of QdJaua Contact. Melbourne: Oxford university Press. 197p. Brookfield, H.C 1972. (TQlfinlfllifin, neTClftCTPnt finfl independence? the case of the HPlanpnian Islands in fhp South Pacific, Cartridge: Cambridge University Press. 226p.

Brookfield, H.C and D. Bart. 1971. Mpi*n~H*« ft fifigqrfrc*vi^»i TTlterpretation fflC an MaPd mflfl, London: Methuen. 464p.

Brown, P. 1968. "Social Change and Social Movement," in P. Vayda's

Peoples anH mitnrps Qf the Pacific. New York: The Natural History Press, 465-485. Brut on, R. 1971. "Cargo cults and systems of exchange in Melanesia," aankioi. 8(2):115-128. Bur ridge, K. 1960. Manfcu: A Melanesian Millenium. London: Methuen. capeii, A. (ed.) 1962. A Linguistic Surrey of the Southwestern Pacific. Nounea: South Pacific Commission. 258p. o»ming, A. 1977. ftp introdaction to the Pecries and QtLtapa of HflflMlia* Menlo Park, Reading, London, ABSterdaa, Don Mills, Sydney: Casings Publishing Company.

Codrington, R.H. 1891. The Melanesians: Studies in their Anthropology and Folklore. Oxford University Press. 419p. Reprint, 1969, 440p. Eikin, A.p. 1953. Social Anthropology in Melanesia; A Review of Research. London: Oxford University Press. 166p.

Fisk, E.K. 1977. "Agricultural and Related Development Prospects in Melanesia and West Polynesia," Australian Ojtlook. 31(3).

. 1982. "Development and Aid in the South Pacific in the 1980S," Australian Outlook - 36(2): 32-37. Frazer, J.G. 1913-1924. The Belief in lnmortalitv and the Worship of ih£J2ead. Vbl.l, pp 190-323 (New Guinea); 343-471 (Melanesia). London: Macmillan and Co. Ltd.

9 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Haddon, A.C. 1907. The Melanesians: An Ethnological Study of Western

Oceania. London: Southwoodf anith and Co. 18p.

Hilliard, D. 1978. God's Gentlemen: A History of the Melanesian Mission 1849-1942. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press.

Jarvie, I.e. 1967. The Revolution in Anthropology. London: Rout ledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. BroaoVay House.

Langness, L. and J.C Weschler (eds.) 1971. Melanesia; BMfllDM QO Qfltya Arffl- Scranton, Penn.: Chandler Rib. Co. 328p.

Lannour, Peter 1982. "Alienated Land and Independence in Melanesia," Institute for Polynesian Studies The Politics of Evolving mi tain** in the Paci^v TgianHg. iaie, Hawaii: Brigha* Young University. 185-231.

Lawrence, p. 1964. Road Belong rangn. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Lincoln, P.C 1975. Aust rones jar LflDflUflflfiB* Honolulu: Lincoln.

Luomala, K. 1949. "Melanesian ethology," in Funk and Wagnall's Dictionary of Folklore. Mythology and legend. Vol.2. New York. 701-705.

Mason, L. 1966. Mimeo Bibliography. Pacific Island Studies Program, University of Hawaii. Revised to 1974, Pacific Collection, Hamilton Library, University of Hawaii.

Ray, s. 1926. A cpjBfljafcjn study of Q» Melanesian island languages- Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. 589p. Riesenfeld, A. 1950. Meoalithic Qyirnr? of MPlanreia. Leiden: Brill. 786p.

Rivers, W.H.R. 1914. Thg History of Melanesian Society. 2 vols. Cambridge University Press. Reprint, 1968.

Scarr, D. 1972. Fragments of Bipires A History of the Western Pacific Blab CoflmissiOILl8ZZzl21A» Canberra: ANU. shineoerg, D. 1967. ihey Came for fiarTdalwod? a Study of the fanrtelwTod Trarfr in the Southwest Pacific 1830-1865* Melbourne: Melbourne U.P. Shutler, M.E. and R. Shutler. 1967. "Origins of the Melanesians," in Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania. 2(2):91-99.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Worsley, P.M. 1968. The Trnnret Shall Sminfl. A Study of Cargo Cults in Melanesia. New York: Schocken Books.

WUnnr S.A. 1961. BE Linguistic Situation in the Highlands Districts of Papua New Guinea. Canberra: A.J. Arthur, Ocmnonwealth Government Printer. 1972. Linguistic Research in Australia. New Guinea, and Oceania- r^ie Hague: Mouton.

11 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Fiii

Ali, A* 1976. "Fiji Indians and the Politics of Disparity," Indian flyajtgrly. 32(4) 2413-432.

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Belshaw, C 1964. Baflg the ftgjJUfig. Berkeley: Oniversity of California Press. 336p.

Brewster, A.B. 1937. King of the Cannibal Talasr AJfrle of fiarly Tiife and Mventurft Qt^JEOj T«ianH«- London: R. Bale & Co. 286p. . 1967. ataJUJ Tribes of Fiii. London: Seeley, Service & Co. Press. 336p. Brown, CM. 1978. "Ethnic Politics in Fiji: Fijian-Indian Relations," Journal of ffrhnir aafljfig. 5(4): 1-17.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Davidson, J.W. and D. Scarr (eds.) 1970. Pacific Islamfe portraits. Canberra: Australian National university Press.

Deane, W. 1921. Fiiian Society. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited. 255p.

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Fatiaki, Anselmo et. al. 1977. Rotuma: Split Island, aiva: Institute of Pacific Studies with South Pacific Social Sciences Association and University of the South Pacific Extension. 216p.

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Gifford, E.W. 1951. Archaeological Excavations in Fiii. Berkeley: University of California Press, Archeological Records. 13(3). . 1952. Tribes of Yiti Levu and their Origin Places, Berkeley: University of California Press. Anthropological records* 13(5). ian Gillion, K.L. 1962. Fiji's Tltf Migrants. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

. 1977. Hff Fiji Trnllflnni nwllflraft to fliiwm TXwimnry 1920-1946. Canberra: Australian National University Press. Hay den, H. 1954. Moturiki: a Pilot Project in Commnitv Development. London and New York: Oxford University Press. 180p.

Hocart, A.M. 1952. The Northern States of Fiii. London: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 304p.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center . 1970. IflU Islands. Fiii. (ETC 62) Honolulu: Bishop Museum. 241p. Reprint. Howard, A. 1960. "Rotuma as a Hinterland Community, • Journal Of thp Polynesian Society. 70:272-299.

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Khapman, Bruce, and Michael A.H.B. Walter. 1980. "The Way of Land and the Path of Money: The Generation of Economic Inequality in Eastern Fiji," Journal of Developing Areas. 14(2):201-222.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Spate, O.H.K. 1959. The Fiiian People: Economic Problems and prospects. Suva Council paper #13. Suva: Government Press.

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Ward, M. 1971. UK BQlfl Of TUVTnlinH. In thft PffTflonffFTTt Of Fiii- Melboume: Cambridge University Press. waterhouse, j. Rev. 1866. ihe King and the People of Fiii; the Life of Cakobau: with notices of the Fiiians. their manners, customs, and superstitions previous to the great religious reformation of 1854. London: Wesley an Conference Office. matters, R.F. 1969. Koros Bc«mic DerclPHPent and Social flange in Fiii. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 305p,

Williams, T. and J. Calvert. 1858. Fiii and the Fiiians. 2 vols. New York: D. Appletcn and Company. 551p.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Eaaa HBE Guinea

Anarshi, A., K. Good, and R. Mortimer. 1979. Develoonant and Cfigapdam the BaUtteJ BBBPME at Bacaa aw Guinea* Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Baldwin, George B. 1978. Parca Mew Gnin*g? Tts wmnmrir. sataatlflD and Prncpects for Development. Washington D.C.: The World Bank.

Ballard, J.A. 1976. "Public Administration in Papua New Guinea 1972-1976," Australian Journal of Public Administration. 35(3): 229-272.

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Brown, P. 1972. The Chimbu: a Study of Chance in the New Guinea Highlands. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman. 151p.

1979. "Chimbu Leadership before Provincial Government," Journal of Par.ifir Ristnry- XIV(1):100-117.

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Chalmers, D. 1978. "The Village Courts of Papua New Guinea: Their Introduction, History and Operation until 1976," Melanesia" MB JOunal. 6(1-2) :56-78. Chalmers, D. and A.H. Paliwala. 1977. An Introduction of the Law in Papua New Guinea. 9/dtxey: Law Books Co. Ltd. 140p.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Cochrane, G. 1970. Big Men an^ rargo mite- Oxford: Clarendon Press. 200p.

Colebatch, H.K. 1978. Policy-Making for Rural Development. Boroko: LASER Discussion Paper #18.

Cornell, J. 1978. TftilB HUflM BBPii BM BSllttifln Of BflElfinttna in * aalflMB TgiATvte gnni^ Canberra: Development Studies Centre Monograph #12, Australian National University.

1979. "The Emergence of a Peasantry in Papua New Guinea," Peasant Studies 8(2):103-138

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1982. Essays on the Development Experience in Papua Hag Guinea. Boroko: LASER Monograph #17. 147p. oonyers, Diana. 1976. The fTPYinTrifll (iffreniiffTTt TXftatfi; Central control MOM Local Participation in am flew Guinea. Boroko: LASER Monograph #2.

Oonyers, Diana and David Simpson (eds.) 1978. "The Future of Local Government in Papua New Guinea," Yaol-Ambu. 5(1).

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Denoon, Donald, (ed.) 1980. ^ T*ff» tfip l^nt and a Time to rv>root: A History Of tgfjgUua in Papua MM QBlnaUi Boroko: Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies.

1981. "Papua New Guinea," Journal of Imperial and Conmonwealth History. 9(3):341-345.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Donaldson, N. and Deborah Turner. 1978. The Foreign Control of Papua new Guinea's Economy and the Reaction of the independent State* Port Moresby: URG, Political Economy Ocassional Paper #1.

Downs, ian 1980. ihe Australian Trusteeships Papua Hey Guinea 1945-75. Canberra: Australian Govt. Publishing Service. 58p.

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Penbury, D.M. 1978. Practice without Policy: Genesis of Local Government in Papua New Guinea. Canberra: Development Studies Centre Monograph #13, MJ Press.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Fortune, R.F. 1932. SpJEftrerj Pi DObUS Social Anthropology Of the Dobu Islanders. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. 318p. 1935. MfflUS Religions an Ethnological Study of the Manus Natives of the Admiralty Islands. Amer. Phil. See. Memoir #3 .Lincoln: University of Nebraska. 391p. 1942. Arapesh. American Ethnol. Soc. Publ. #19. 237p. Gardi, R. 1960. ranfearans an Bicounter with cultures in Decline in New Guinea. London: Constable. 201p.

Garnaut, Ross. 1980. "The Neo-Marxist Paradigm in Papua New Guinea," Australian Journal of Politics and History* 26(3):447-452 Gitiow, A.L. 1947. economics of the Mount Baa Trihest new Guinea.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Gupta, Desh B. and Samson Folume. 1981. "Stability and Change in Papua New Guinea's International Economic Relations, with Specific Reference to the Seventies," Yagl-Airbu. 8(1) :1-51.

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Hamnett, M. 1977. Households on the Move: Settlement Patterns Among a Group of Eivo and Simeku Speakers in Central Bougainville. Ph.D. Dissertation: University of Hawaii.

Hamnett, M. and J. Connell. 1980. "Medical Beliefs and Practices in the North Solomons: A Comparative Study of the Eivo and Sinai" in j. connell (ed.) Traditional Medicine in Bougainville Qiristchurch: University of Canterbury, pp. 39-68.

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• 1979. . "Issues and Conflict in Post-Colonial Papua New Guinea," World Review. 18(3):27-40. Hinchliffe, Keith. 1980. "Conflict between National Aims in Papua New Guinea: The Case of Decentralization and Equity," Economic Development, and cultural flange* 23(4):819-837. Hoggin, i. 1973. Anthropology In B— — ggjum mattum BamJcbc BPgBClflBaadifl Of mm and Ml Qiinaa* Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Hogbin, H.I. and C. Wedgewood. 1952-4. "Local Grouping in Melanesia," Oceania 23-4. Hewlett, D.R. 1967. A SfiQgJ3Ptg Of Papua and Hew Guinea* Melbourne: Nelson.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research. 1977* Bibliography #1. wangpnrt SH^?**? jfl QiinAa. Compiled by M.M. Phil pott. Boroko: IASER. 56p. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research. 1978. Bibliography #2. world Catalogue of lueses and Dissertations floating to Praia New Guinea. Compiled ty W.G. Ooppell. Boroko: LASER. 124p.

Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research. 1978. Bibliography #3. Fnmlntlon ffrnfllfn in Baa Hey Qiinm. compiled by susan Fair cloth. Boroko: LASER. 76p. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research. 1978. Bibliography *4. politics and Govecmnt In Papua New Guinea* compiled by Susan Fair cloth, Bar taut Hotzknecht and R.J Nay. Boroko: IASER. 253p.

Institute of Applied Social and Economic Reseach. 1978. Bibliography #5. intemal Migration and ntta^LatiflP in Papua New aaiaaa* Compiled by Susan Fair cloth. Boroko: IASQL 112p. Institute of Applied Social and Economic Research. 1979. Bibliography #6. BaaOflmla in Pa?"* Hat fljjpaa* Compiled by Jim Lament. Boroko: IASER. 177p.

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 1965. The nramnic rmflotinpnt of fhft Territory of Praia and —i (^Inras Vnr* * M4g«inn nrryani^H hy tiw TnfrArnafrinnal Bank for P^n^-nir^inn and f*«ig1 rpnpnfc at th» RgotMsifc of the flovenment of rrwmirw^^^h nf antral i a. Baltimore: IBRD.

Jackson, Dudley. 1981. Tftft DjfifcrifayUflD TTVY»P in flB Qlliaai Waigani: National Planning Office.

Jackson, R. 1980. "Mineral Resources and Mining in Papua New Guinea - Digging in for a difficult Decade?" Yaal-Ambu. 7(2): 1-8.

1982. Qk Ttedl- Th* pj Boroko: University of Papua New Guinea, Johnson, Dianne D. 1980. "Women in Papua New Guinea: A Selected Bibliography," Yaal-Ambu. 7(3): 53-€9.

Keil, J.T. 1975. Local Group Composition and Leadership in Buin. Ph.D. dissertation. Harvard University.

Kiki, A.M. 1968. fltil Tm BaMBDd nam in ft T.lfftinr, New York: Praeger.

Lam, N.V. 1977. imported Inflation in Paoua New Guinea 1972-1976. Boroko: LASER Discussion Paper #13. . 1979(a). Stabilization Policy in Papua New Guinea. Boroko: LASER Discussion Paper #23.

23 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center • 1979(b). mSbe Papua New Guinea Money Economy: Performance, Problems, and Prospects," Australian Outlook. 33(3):308-25. Lawrence, P. 1964. Road Belong CM3Q* Manchester: Manchester University Press. 291p.

. 1969. "The State versus Stateless Societies in Papua and New Guinea," in B.J. Brown's p*«hjnr« nf TJ** in ygg cziirm- sydaey: BuLLer worths. 15-37. Lawrence, P. and M.J. Meggitt. 1965. SOflB flBftta and HBP to Melanesia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

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Loveday, P. and E.P. Wolfers. 1976. Parties and Parliament in Papua New Guinea. Boroko: IASER Monograph #4.

Lynch, C.J. 1980. *The Achievement of Independence in Papua New Guinea: The Legal Aspect," Journal pj Pacific History * XV(3): 175-193.

McArthur, M. 1967. Analysis of the genealogy, of a BMsBaa flap* Sydney: Australian Medical Publishing Company.

Maher, R.F. 1960. New Men of Papuas a study of CultnrP rhang*. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 148p.

Mair, Lucy. 1970. Australia in New Qlloca. Melbourne: Melbourne U.P.

Malinowski, B. 1922. Argonauts nf wwyfrern Pacific. London: G. Routledge & Sons; New York: E.P. Dutton & Co. 527p. . 1929. aha sasual Life of savages in tUL Melanesia; an Ethnographic Account of CourtshiPt Marriager and Family Life Among the Natives of Trobriand Tslands- New York: Harcourt, Brace. 603p.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center . 1935. Coral Gardens and Their Magic: a Study Of tfag Method of Tilling of the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobriand Islands. Cincinnati: American Book Company, 2v.

Mamak, Alexander and Richard Bedford. 1974. BQUgajnyjJ-le National j^n; Aspects of Uhltv and Discord. Christ church: Bougainville Special Publication #1.

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Mead, M. 1930. Growing UP in New Guinea. New York: W. Morrow & Co. Reprint 1962 . 372p.

. 1935. SB and Temperament in Buaa Primitive Societies* New York: W. Morrow & Co. Reprint, 1963 . 335p. • 1938. "Hie Mountain Arapesh. * AMNH Anthrop. Papers. 36(3) :139-349; 37(3) (1940):317-451. Garden City, New York: Natural History Press. Reprint, 1968-1971. 3v.

. 1956. Key Lives for old; cultural iransfonmtionr flanus 1928-1953. New York: Morrow. Reprint 1968. 548p. Meggitt, M.J. 1958. "The Enga of the New Guinea Highlands: Some Preliminary Observations," Oceania. 28:253-330.

Mikesell, R.F. 1975. Foreign Investment in Copper Mining: Case Studies of Mines in Peru and Papua Hey Guinea* Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press for Resources for the Future, Inc. pp 143. Mitchell, D. 1976. Land and AflriCUlture in Naqovisi. Boroko: Monograph #3, IASER.

Narokobi, B. (and his critics and supporters) 1980. The Melanesian wavt Total Cosmic Vision of Life. Boroko: Institute of Papua New Studies. 199 pp.

Nash, J. 1974. Matrilinv and Modernisation: The Naoovisi of South Bougainville. New Guinea Research Bulletin #55. New Guinea Research Unit. Port Moresby and Canberra: The Australian National University.

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New Guinea Prrlftfllfflal Tndfflf 1968. Various issues. Boroko: University of Papua New Guinea.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Newton, D. 1971. Crocodiles apfl OSSSmOX BfilifllflUS Art-Q f t*» Upper Secik River. New Guinea. New York: Museum of Primitive Art. 112 p.

Ityamekye, Itoasi and Ralph R. Premdas. 1979. "Papua New Guinea-Indonesian Relations over Irian Jaya, • Asia Survey. 19(10):927-945. Ogan, E. 1972.ffllfiinffrff ?TT d farq9* &£}&$E£KWteflange, ttDQPfl th e Nasioi of ponga-inviT^e. New Guinea Research Bulletin #44. The Australian National University. . 1974. "Cargoism and Politics in Bougainville 1962-1972," Journal cf pacific History* ix(i):ii7-i30 Oliver, D. 1949. fi^rf^ in the Anthropology of Bougainville. Solomon Islands. Cambridge: The Museum, 4 nos. in lv. Krauss reprint.

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. 1973. Bougainville, a Personal History. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.

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. 1981. Aspects of Modernization in Bougainville. Papua New Guinea. Honolulu: Working Paper Series, Center for Asian and Pacific Studies in Collaboration with the Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawaii.

Overseas Development Group. 1973. ft TfrPftrt ffll ntryftlflOTffnt. fflTfltArrifq f« Bam Hal Oiiaaa« Port Moresby: Office of Programming and Co-ordination.

Paliwala, A. J. Zorn and P.J. Bayne, 1978. "Economic Development and the Changing Legal System of Papua New Guinea," African Law £tUdi£S. 16:3-79.

Papua New Guinea Department of Education. 1971. A Bibliography of Education in Papua New Guinea. Konedobu. 87p.

Papua New Guinea. 1974. rlisl Report of the ttnsUtutionfli Planning Committee. Boroko: Government Printers.

. 1974b. Strategies for Nationhood: Programmes and Performance. Port Moresby: Central Planning Office. . 1975. flae Constitution of the Independent State of Papua NE¥ Guinea- Port Moresby: Government Printers.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center . 1976. The Post Independence National Development Strategy, Port Moresby: Central Planning Office. . 1981. Foreign Policy White Paper. Reproduced in £acya m (Siin^a Wnreign Affaire Pf*ri«*. 1 (4) . . 1981. National Public Expenditure Plan 1982-1985. Waigani: National Planning Office.

Pardy, Rob. et al. 1978. Purari: Overpowering Papua New Guinea? Melbourne International Development Action for Purari Action Group. 221p.

Parker, Robert S. 1972. Papua New Guinea as an Emergent State. Wellington: New Zealand Institute of Internal Affairs.

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. 1977. "Secessionist Politics in Papua New Guinea," PftPlflr ftffalrfl. 50:64-85.

. 1978. "Papua New Guinea: The First General Elections After Independence. • Journal of Pacific History. 13(2):77-90.

• 1980. "Papua New Guinea 1979: A Regime Under Siege," Asian Survey. XX(1):94-99.

Premdas, Ralph R. and S. Pokawin (eds.) 1978. Decentralisation: The Papua New Qliaaa BaaCfaMPk Port Moresby, UFN3 Waigani Seminar papers.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Read, K.E. 1965. The Hioh vallev. New York: Scribner. 266p.

Reay, M. 1959. fla Kumas FisvisM and ConfornutY in the New Guinea Highlands. Carlton: Melbourne University Press on behalf of the Australian National University. 222p. Rimoldi, M. 1971. The Hahalis Welfare Society of Buka. Ph.D. Dissertation: Australian National University.

Robin, Robert W. 1981. 'The Role of Foreign Missions in an Independent Papua New Guinea," Australian Oitlook 35(2): 138-151.

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Sawyerr, A. 1981. The State of 'Law and State' Iheory in Papua New Guinea: Being a Review of Peter Fitzpatrick's Law and State in Papua New Guinea," vaql-Airhu 8(4):27-47.

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Selignan, C.G. 1910. The Melanesians of Bflfclafa BBC fllinffl- Cambridge: The University Press. 766p.

Sharp, Nonie. 1981 • "Papua New Guinea and West Papuan Independence: Problems of Finding new Friends," Arena. 59:76-85.

Somare, M. 1975. .Sana, port Moresby: Niugini Press.

. 1974. 'Ihe Emergency Role of Papua New Guinea in World Affairs," New Zealand Foreign Affairs Review. 24(6):12-22.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Standish, Bill. 1978. The 'Bio-Man1 Model Reconsidered: Power and Stratification in chimbu. Boroko: LASER Discussion Paper #22.

. 1979. provincial SgffiCMfflfc in Papua new Qiin«; fiarly T^snng Rr«n rti?tnh»_ Boroko: IASER Monograph #7. Stephen, David. 1972. a History of Political Parties in Papua New Guinea. Melbourne: Lansdowne Press.

Stone, David (ed). 1976. Prelude to Selfr^emnent; Electoral Politics in Papua New Guinea 1972. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, mj and URG. 547p.

Strathern, A. 1971. Ttlft fflgfi flf fflftfcflSP W f**? m\ (frHTTOniffll RrrhanoP in Mnnnfr Ha^, M^f QijnAa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 254p.

. 1972. One Father. Cne Blood: Descent and Group Structure Among Nalpa People. Canberra: ANU Press. 265p.

.(ed.) 1982. Baaallta la HBM aiiaa Highlands societies. Cambridge: Cambridge O.P. Strathern, M. 1972. Women in Between: Female Roles in the Male world. Mount flfoifin, New Guinea. Lanon, New York: Seminar Press.

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» • 1938. "Ehe und Mutterschaft in Buin," Archiv fur Anthropologie and Volkerforschuno. n.s. 24:214-246.

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. 1980. "Papua New Guinea in 1980: A Change in Government: Aid, and Foreign Relations," Asian Survey. 21(2):274-284.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-Wfest Center Hughes, T. 1979. "Solomon Islands - Economic Growth and Independence," Pacific Perspective. 7(1 & 2): 36-41.

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Pettman, R. 1977. "The Solomon Islands: A Developing Neo-Colony?," Australian Outlook. 31 (2): 268-278.

Premdas, R.R. and J.S. Steeves. 1981. "The Solomon Islands: First Elections after Independence," Journal of Pacific History. XVI (3): 190-202.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center . 1983. "The Solomon Islands: Problems of Political Change," The Round Tahl^ QOTBDMBaltfa Journal of International Affairs. 285:45-55.

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Solomon Islands. 1975. National Development Plan. 1975-1979. Vol. I, II, III. Honiara: Office of the Chief Minister.

. 1978a. A sezifia af the Mam islands National Development Plan. 1975 to 1979. Honiara: Got. Printing Office. . 1978b. The Constitution of Solomon Islands. Schedule to The Solomon Islands Independence Order 1978. Statutory Instrument 1979, #783, in Supplement to the Solomon Islands Gazette. S.I. #11, 7 JUly.

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Tippett, A.R. 1967. .Solomon Tslands Christianity: A Srndv in Growth and Obstruction. London: Butterworth Press. 407p.

Waddell, R. 1978. "Education in the Solomon Islands: Hie End of a Great Experiment?," Pacific Islands MPnthlY- 49(7) July:21-22, 27.

Wench, I. 1961. Mission to Melanesia. London: Elek Books. 209p.

World Bank. 1980. Ttift Stf— TfilanflfiS ftl TntTPftlTtPEY BmMlfi Eepojct. Washington, D.C: Bast Asia and Pacific Regional Office.

34 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Vanuatu Allen, M.R. 1968. "The Establishment of Christianity and Cash Cropping in a New Hebridean Oanmunity," Jojffla] of Pacific FifltofTYi 3.

(ed.) 1981. Vanuatu; Pcliticsr aaoflBifia and Ritual in Island Melanesia. Studies in Anthropology series, ^dney, NY, London, Toronto, San Francisco: Academic Press. 428p. Baker, J.R. 1929. Man and Animals in the New Hebrides. Iondon.

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• 1983. Territorial Control and Forms of Mobility within New Hebridean Societies. In M. Chapman and R.M. Prothero, eds. Circulation in population Movements Substance and QpflCtttsJraa the Melanesian BMf« Brookfield, H.C and P. Broun dick. 1969. Tho PPT^IA pf y^a. Canberra: Department of Human Geography Publication BE/1, The Australian National University. Chiroux, Bene. 1979. "Les Nouvelles-Hebrides sur le chanin de 11ind4pendance: nouvelles menaces dans l'Ooian Pacifique?," Defense Nationale* 35(i):35-47.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Clark, A* 1980. "Vanuatu! Independence But Still the French Connection," New Zealand International Review. 5(2): 12-14.

Crocombe, R. 1972. "The View from Vila: Peaceful Change or Ultimate Violence?," New Guinea. 7(2):30-36.

Deacon, A.B. 1934. Malekula: A Vanishing People in the New Hebrides. London, G. Routledge & Sons, Ltd. 789p. Reprint, 1970. 792p.

Porster, R.A.S. 1980. "Vanuatu: The End of an Episode of Schizophrenic Colonialism," Round Table. 70(280):367-373. Forsyth, W. 1976. "The New Hebrides—A cyclonic Awakening," New Zealand International Review. May/June:23-25.

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. 1952a. "John Frun Movement in Tanna," Oceania. 22: 167-177.

. 1952b. "L1 organisation sociale et politique du Nord Malekula," Journal de la Socifetfe des Oceanistes. 8:150-259. • 1952c. "The Cooperative Called the Malekula Native Company: A Borderline Type of Cargo Cult," South Pacific. 6:429-434.

• 1956a. "Le mouvement coopSratif aux Nouvelles-Hfebrides," Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes. 8:150-259. . 1956b. Espiritu Santo. Paris: Librairie Pi on.

• 1961. "The Social Anthropology of Aniwa, Southern New Hebrides," Oceania 32:34-53. . 1977. "Les Nouvelles-Hfebrides avant 11 independence," Journal de la Societe des Oceanistes. 33:54-55. Hours, B. 1980. "Custom and Politics in the New Hebrides," Pacific Perspective, 8(i):15-20. Howard, M.C. 1983. "Vanuatu: The Jtyth of Melanesian Socialism," Labour r^jta] aflj fftfljfltY, 16(2): 176-203.

Himphreys, CB. 1926. ihe Southern New Hebrides; An Ethnological Record, Cambridge, England: The University Press. 214p.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Jackson, A,I*. 1972. "Toward Political Awareness in New Hebrides," Journal of Pacific gjflfcpg. 7:155-162.

Jupp, J. 1979a. "The Development of Party Politics in the New Hebrides," The Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics. XVII (3): 263-282. . 1979b. "New Hebrides 1978-1979: Self-Goverrment by Whom and for Whom?" Journal of Pacific History. XEV (3): 208-220. . 1982. "Custom, Tradition and Reform in Vanuatu Politics," Institute for Polynesian Studies The Politics of Evolving Cultures in the Pacific IflXflPdEU Laie, Hawaii: Brigham Young University. 143-158.

Jupp, J. and M. Saver. 1979* "The New Hebrides: Pros Qondoninius to Inoer^ndence.' Australian Outlook. 33(1): 15-26. Kolig, Erich. 1981. "Custom or Foreign Influence: The Paradox of Santo, Vanuatu," Pacific Perspective. 10(1):57-61.

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. 1965. "The Melanesians of South Pentecost, New Hebrides," in p. Lawrence and M.J. Meggit's Gods ghosts and Mm in Melanesia* Melbourne: Oxford University Press.

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Leymang, Gerard. 1979. "Nouvelles-Hfebrides: le testament politique du R.P. Leymang," Journal de la Societe des Ocfeanistes. 35(64): 201-204.

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center O'Reilly, P. 1958. Biblioaraphie des Nouvelles-Hebrides. Paris.

Palmer, G. 1871. Kidnapping in the South Seas. Being a Narrative of IfaEfig Months Cruise of the H.M. ship "Rpgarjo." Edinburgh, Ednonston and Douglas. 233p. Reprint, 1971.

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38 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center New Caledonia Atlas de la NcxiveUe-CalMonie PT p^endarirps. 1981. Paris: Office de la Recherche Scientif ique et Technique Outre-Mer (ORSTCM) .

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Leenhart, M. 1930. Jjo£ss d'ethnologie neo-caledonienne. Paris: Institut d'ethnologie.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Le Goupils, N. 1905. Un type de colonisation administrative: la crise coloniale en NouvfrUfr^al^onte- Paris: Bureaux de la Science Orale. lOOp.

Lanire, M. 1878. La colonisation franchise en Nouvel1e-Cal6donie et Dependences- Paris: Challamel Alne.

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Metais. P. 1963. "Quelques aspects d'une organisation matrimoniale nfco-Cal^nienne," L'Annee Socioloaioue. 3:3-115.

Mil liken, R. 1981. "Confusion on All Sides as New Caledonia Faces Its Future," pacjfic Islands Monthly* August: 13-14. pisier, J. 1971. Kounife QU 1'ile des pjnsf sssal de mpnographie historioue. Noumea: Societe d'Etudes Historiques de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Publication No. 1:35. Ray, C. 1981. "On the way up: A UDI for New Caledonia in September '82?," pacific Islands Monthly* August: 25. Roosman, R.S. 1978. "A Shadow Over a Silent New Caledonia Community," WlPlflfi TnlfflriB MmfrhlY. March: 20-21. Roux, J.C. 1979. La premiere colonisation de la Nouvelle-Cal4donie (1853-1872). Bulletin de la Societe d'Etudes Historiques de la Nouvelle-Calfedonie. 41(4e trimestre):33-72. saradin, F. 1929. sthnologie dec Heu-Caledcnier und Lovaltv-Insulaner. Two volumes. Monchen: C.W. Kreidel. 320p. saussoi, A. 1979. L'heritages, essai am le prcblfrae.foncier meianefiien en *fr"v^^a? fflomft, Paris: Societe des Oceanistes. 493p. 'Tjibaou, J-M. and P. Missotte. 1977. Kanake. Melanesien de aaBEftllg-

1982. Land and Politics in New Caledonia. Canberra: ANU, Political and Social Change Monograph #2.

Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Irian Jaya An Asroat Sketchbook, A Series on the Asmat People. A publication of the Asmat Museum of Culture and Progress, 1 issue per annum since 1973. Copies available from Crosier Mission, Box 729, Bastings, NE 68901, U.S.A.

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the HCM ffllima SfcflOB ftffi New York: Random HouseA

Garnaut, R. and C. Manning. 1974. Irian Java; nft»> Tranrfpr^igp r»f a BflmnariflB "g^niW Canberra: AND Press.

41 Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center Grocott, P.H. 1978. "West Papuan Nationalism: An Inside View," in

Australian Council for Overseas Aidr South Pacific Dossier. 55-58. Hall, D.G.E. 1955. A History of South-east Asia. New York: St. Martin's Press. Hastings, P. 1977. "The Papua New Guinea—Irian Jaya Border Problems," Australian Outlook* 31(1):53.

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Koch, K-F. 1974. war and Pram in aflana Ttie wanarm^ Qmflict in BMflaafl BBf SliPCS* Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Kouwenhoven, W.J.H. 1955. Nimboran: A Study of Social Chance and Socio-Economic Development in a New Guinea Society. The Hague: J.N. Voorhoeve. Lagerberg, K. 1979. West Irian and Jakarta Trerrialifff. New York: St. Martin's Press. 170p. Leeden, A.C Van Der. 1960. "Social Structure in New Guinea,"

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Pacific Islands Development Program East-West Center EAST-WEST CENTER

The East-West Center is a public, nonprofit educational institution with an inter• national board of governors. Some 2,000 research fellows, graduate students, and professionals in business and government each year work with the Center's inter• national staff in cooperative study, training, and research. They examine major issues related to population, resources and development, the environment, culture, and communication in Asia, the Pacific, and the United States. The Center was established in 1960 by the United States Congress, which provides principal funding. Support also comes from more than 20 Asian and Pacific governments, as well as private agencies and corporations.

Situated on 21 acres adjacent to the University of Hawaii's Manoa Campus, the Center's facilities include a 300-room office building housing research and administrative offices for an international staff of 250, three residence halls for participants, and a conference center with meeting rooms equipped to provide simultaneous translation and a complete range of audiovisual services. PACIFIC ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

The Pacific Islands Development Program (PIDP) at the East-West Center helps meet the special development needs of the Pacific islands region through coopera• tive research, education, and training. PIDP also serves as the Secretariat for the Pacific Islands Conference, a heads of government organization involving leaders from throughout the Pacific region, and for the Pacific Islands Conference Stand• ing Committee, which was established to ensure follow-up on development problems discussed at the 1980 Conference.

PIDP's research, education, and training activities are developed as a direct response to requests from the Standing Committee. PIDP's projects are planned in close cooperation with the Committee to ensure that the focus and the organi• zation of each project address the needs identified by the heads of government on the Committee, a process which is unique within the East-West Center and in other research and educational organizations serving the Pacific.

A major objective of the program has been to provide quality in-depth analytical studies on specific priority issues as identified by the Pacific island leaders and people. The aim is to provide leaders with detailed information and alternative strategies on policy issues. Each island country will make its own decision based on national goals and objectives. Since 1980, PIDP has been given the task of research in eight project areas: energy, disaster preparedness, aquaculture, govern• ment and administrative systems, nuclear waste disposal, business ventures development and management, roles of multinational corporations, and regional cooperation.