Mycoplasma Synoviae: an Overview
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Journal of Biotechnology 193 (2015) 37–40
Journal of Biotechnology 193 (2015) 37–40 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Biotechnology j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jbiotec Short communication Blockage of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway affects riboflavin production in Ashbya gossypii 1 1 ∗ Rui Silva , Tatiana Q. Aguiar , Lucília Domingues CEB – Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: The Ashbya gossypii riboflavin biosynthetic pathway and its connection with the purine pathway have Received 10 September 2014 been well studied. However, the outcome of genetic alterations in the pyrimidine pathway on riboflavin Received in revised form 6 November 2014 production by A. gossypii had not yet been assessed. Here, we report that the blockage of the de novo Accepted 7 November 2014 pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway in the recently generated A. gossypii Agura3 uridine/uracil auxotrophic Available online 15 November 2014 strain led to improved riboflavin production on standard agar-solidified complex medium. When extra uridine/uracil was supplied, the production of riboflavin by this auxotroph was repressed. High concen- Keywords: trations of uracil hampered this (and the parent) strain growth, whereas excess uridine favored the A. Ashbya gossypii gossypii Agura3 growth. Considering that the riboflavin and the pyrimidine pathways share the same Pyrimidine pathway precursors and that riboflavin overproduction may be triggered by nutritional stress, we suggest that Riboflavin production Uridine/uracil auxotrophy overproduction of riboflavin by the A. gossypii Agura3 may occur as an outcome of a nutritional stress Nutritional stress response and/or of an increased availability in precursors for riboflavin biosynthesis, due to their reduced consumption by the pyrimidine pathway. -
The Mysterious Orphans of Mycoplasmataceae
The mysterious orphans of Mycoplasmataceae Tatiana V. Tatarinova1,2*, Inna Lysnyansky3, Yuri V. Nikolsky4,5,6, and Alexander Bolshoy7* 1 Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90027, California, USA 2 Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90089, California, USA 3 Mycoplasma Unit, Division of Avian and Aquatic Diseases, Kimron Veterinary Institute, POB 12, Beit Dagan, 50250, Israel 4 School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10900 University Blvd, MSN 5B3, Manassas, VA 20110, USA 5 Biomedical Cluster, Skolkovo Foundation, 4 Lugovaya str., Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Mozhajskij region, Moscow, 143026, Russian Federation 6 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation 7 Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel 1,2 [email protected] 3 [email protected] 4-6 [email protected] 7 [email protected] 1 Abstract Background: The length of a protein sequence is largely determined by its function, i.e. each functional group is associated with an optimal size. However, comparative genomics revealed that proteins’ length may be affected by additional factors. In 2002 it was shown that in bacterium Escherichia coli and the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, protein sequences with no homologs are, on average, shorter than those with homologs [1]. Most experts now agree that the length distributions are distinctly different between protein sequences with and without homologs in bacterial and archaeal genomes. In this study, we examine this postulate by a comprehensive analysis of all annotated prokaryotic genomes and focusing on certain exceptions. -
Role of Protein Phosphorylation in Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Pathogenicity of a minimal organism: Role of protein phosphorylation in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Dissertation zur Erlangung des mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades „Doctor rerum naturalium“ der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen vorgelegt von Sebastian Schmidl aus Bad Hersfeld Göttingen 2010 Mitglieder des Betreuungsausschusses: Referent: Prof. Dr. Jörg Stülke Koreferent: PD Dr. Michael Hoppert Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.11.2010 “Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” (Albert Einstein) Danksagung Zunächst möchte ich mich bei Prof. Dr. Jörg Stülke für die Ermöglichung dieser Doktorarbeit bedanken. Nicht zuletzt durch seine freundliche und engagierte Betreuung hat mir die Zeit viel Freude bereitet. Des Weiteren hat er mir alle Freiheiten zur Verwirklichung meiner eigenen Ideen gelassen, was ich sehr zu schätzen weiß. Für die Übernahme des Korreferates danke ich PD Dr. Michael Hoppert sowie Prof. Dr. Heinz Neumann, PD Dr. Boris Görke, PD Dr. Rolf Daniel und Prof. Dr. Botho Bowien für das Mitwirken im Thesis-Komitee. Der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes gilt ein besonderer Dank für die finanzielle Unterstützung dieser Arbeit, durch die es mir unter anderem auch möglich war, an Tagungen in fernen Ländern teilzunehmen. Prof. Dr. Michael Hecker und der Gruppe von Dr. Dörte Becher (Universität Greifswald) danke ich für die freundliche Zusammenarbeit bei der Durchführung von zahlreichen Proteomics-Experimenten. Ein ganz besonderer Dank geht dabei an Katrin Gronau, die mich in die Feinheiten der 2D-Gelelektrophorese eingeführt hat. Außerdem möchte ich mich bei Andreas Otto für die zahlreichen Proteinidentifikationen in den letzten Monaten bedanken. Nicht zu vergessen ist auch meine zweite Außenstelle an der Universität in Barcelona. Dr. Maria Lluch-Senar und Dr. -
Table S1. List of Oligonucleotide Primers Used
Table S1. List of oligonucleotide primers used. Cla4 LF-5' GTAGGATCCGCTCTGTCAAGCCTCCGACC M629Arev CCTCCCTCCATGTACTCcgcGATGACCCAgAGCTCGTTG M629Afwd CAACGAGCTcTGGGTCATCgcgGAGTACATGGAGGGAGG LF-3' GTAGGCCATCTAGGCCGCAATCTCGTCAAGTAAAGTCG RF-5' GTAGGCCTGAGTGGCCCGAGATTGCAACGTGTAACC RF-3' GTAGGATCCCGTACGCTGCGATCGCTTGC Ukc1 LF-5' GCAATATTATGTCTACTTTGAGCG M398Arev CCGCCGGGCAAgAAtTCcgcGAGAAGGTACAGATACGc M398Afwd gCGTATCTGTACCTTCTCgcgGAaTTcTTGCCCGGCGG LF-3' GAGGCCATCTAGGCCATTTACGATGGCAGACAAAGG RF-5' GTGGCCTGAGTGGCCATTGGTTTGGGCGAATGGC RF-3' GCAATATTCGTACGTCAACAGCGCG Nrc2 LF-5' GCAATATTTCGAAAAGGGTCGTTCC M454Grev GCCACCCATGCAGTAcTCgccGCAGAGGTAGAGGTAATC M454Gfwd GATTACCTCTACCTCTGCggcGAgTACTGCATGGGTGGC LF-3' GAGGCCATCTAGGCCGACGAGTGAAGCTTTCGAGCG RF-5' GAGGCCTGAGTGGCCTAAGCATCTTGGCTTCTGC RF-3' GCAATATTCGGTCAACGCTTTTCAGATACC Ipl1 LF-5' GTCAATATTCTACTTTGTGAAGACGCTGC M629Arev GCTCCCCACGACCAGCgAATTCGATagcGAGGAAGACTCGGCCCTCATC M629Afwd GATGAGGGCCGAGTCTTCCTCgctATCGAATTcGCTGGTCGTGGGGAGC LF-3' TGAGGCCATCTAGGCCGGTGCCTTAGATTCCGTATAGC RF-5' CATGGCCTGAGTGGCCGATTCTTCTTCTGTCATCGAC RF-3' GACAATATTGCTGACCTTGTCTACTTGG Ire1 LF-5' GCAATATTAAAGCACAACTCAACGC D1014Arev CCGTAGCCAAGCACCTCGgCCGAtATcGTGAGCGAAG D1014Afwd CTTCGCTCACgATaTCGGcCGAGGTGCTTGGCTACGG LF-3' GAGGCCATCTAGGCCAACTGGGCAAAGGAGATGGA RF-5' GAGGCCTGAGTGGCCGTGCGCCTGTGTATCTCTTTG RF-3' GCAATATTGGCCATCTGAGGGCTGAC Kin28 LF-5' GACAATATTCATCTTTCACCCTTCCAAAG L94Arev TGATGAGTGCTTCTAGATTGGTGTCggcGAAcTCgAGCACCAGGTTG L94Afwd CAACCTGGTGCTcGAgTTCgccGACACCAATCTAGAAGCACTCATCA LF-3' TGAGGCCATCTAGGCCCACAGAGATCCGCTTTAATGC RF-5' CATGGCCTGAGTGGCCAGGGCTAGTACGACCTCG -
Genomic Islands in Mycoplasmas
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Review Genomic Islands in Mycoplasmas Christine Citti * , Eric Baranowski * , Emilie Dordet-Frisoni, Marion Faucher and Laurent-Xavier Nouvel Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France; [email protected] (E.D.-F.); [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (L.-X.N.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (E.B.) Received: 30 June 2020; Accepted: 20 July 2020; Published: 22 July 2020 Abstract: Bacteria of the Mycoplasma genus are characterized by the lack of a cell-wall, the use of UGA as tryptophan codon instead of a universal stop, and their simplified metabolic pathways. Most of these features are due to the small-size and limited-content of their genomes (580–1840 Kbp; 482–2050 CDS). Yet, the Mycoplasma genus encompasses over 200 species living in close contact with a wide range of animal hosts and man. These include pathogens, pathobionts, or commensals that have retained the full capacity to synthesize DNA, RNA, and all proteins required to sustain a parasitic life-style, with most being able to grow under laboratory conditions without host cells. Over the last 10 years, comparative genome analyses of multiple species and strains unveiled some of the dynamics of mycoplasma genomes. This review summarizes our current knowledge of genomic islands (GIs) found in mycoplasmas, with a focus on pathogenicity islands, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophages. Here, we discuss how GIs contribute to the dynamics of mycoplasma genomes and how they participate in the evolution of these minimal organisms. -
Discontinuous Variability, in the Form of a Geometric Progression, Of
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 71, No. 5, pp. 2062-2066, May 1974 Discontinuous Variability, in the Form of a Geometric Progression, of Albumin Production in Hepatoma and Hybrid Cells (reiterated genes/control of gene expression and differentiation) JERRY A. PETERSON* Centre de Gbnbtique Molkculaire, C.N.R.S., 91, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Communicated by Daniel Mazia, February 7, 1974 ABSTRACT A clonal rat hepatoma cell line (Fu5) activation of a gene(s) that was repressed during differentia- produces rat serum albumin at a constant rate over at least tion. These results have been confirmed in other interspecific 3 months of continuous cultivation. Ten hybrid cell clones derived from the fusion of Fu5 cells and mouse fibroblasts, hybrid cells (6, 7). The reappearance in hybrids of enzymes as well as 14 hepatoma subclones of Fu5 cells, all produce that were lost during cultivation in vitro of one of the parental albumin but at different rates, ranging from about 0.09 to cell lines has also been observed (8, 9). 36.7 Mg/mg of protein per 72 hr. Despite this variability in- The present paper deals with the other example of pheno- albumin production, the distribution of clones is not in and hybrid cells, namely a random but discontinuous, with both hepatoma and typic variability hepatoma hybrid clones clustering around discrete values that can be variation in constitutive level of albumin production. fitted to the geometric progression: a, a(V/2)1, a(V22)2..... MATERIALS AND METHODS a(V/2)". The values of the majority of clones fall into alternate members of this geometric progression, which Cells were cultured in a modified Ham's F12 medium supple- differ by a factor of 2. -
A Path Towards SARS-Cov-2 Attenuation: Metabolic Pressure on CTP Synthesis Rules the Virus Evolution
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.20.162933; this version posted June 21, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 A path towards SARS-CoV-2 attenuation: metabolic pressure on CTP synthesis rules the virus evolution Zhihua Ou1,2, Christos Ouzounis3, Daxi Wang1,2, Wanying Sun1,2,4, Junhua Li1,2, Weijun Chen2,5*, Philippe Marlière6, Antoine Danchin7,8* 1. BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. 2. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Unknown Pathogen Identification, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China. 3. Biological Computation and Process Laboratory, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Thessalonica 57001, Greece 4. BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China. 5. BGI PathoGenesis Pharmaceutical Technology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. 6. TESSSI, The European Syndicate of Synthetic Scientists and Industrialists, 81 rue Réaumur, 75002, Paris, France 7. Kodikos Labs, Institut Cochin, 24, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques Paris 75014, France. 8. School of Biomedical Sciences, Li KaShing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. * To whom correspondence should be addressed Tel: +331 4441 2551; Fax: +331 4441 2559 E-mail: [email protected] Correspondence may also be addressed to [email protected] Keywords ABCE1; cytoophidia; innate immunity; Maxwell’s demon; Nsp1; phosphoribosyltransferase; queuine bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.20.162933; this version posted June 21, 2020. -
Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) As a Candidate Gene Conferring Resistance to Hemileia Vastatrix in Coffee
DOI: http://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2020-0023 ISSN 1678-992X Research Article Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK) as a candidate gene conferring resistance to Hemileia vastatrix in coffee Dênia Pires de Almeida1 , Isabel Samila Lima Castro1 , Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes2 , Danúbia Rodrigues Alves1 , Geleta Dugassa Barka1 , Pedro Ricardo Rossi Marques Barreiros1 , Laércio Zambolim3 , Ney Sussumu Sakiyama4 , Eveline Teixeira Caixeta5* 1Universidade Federal de Viçosa/Instituto de Biotecnologia ABSTRACT: The biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix causes coffee leaf rust (CLR), one of the Aplicada à Agropecuária – BioCafé, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, most devastating diseases in Coffea arabica. Coffee, like other plants, has developed effective s/n – 36570-900 – Viçosa, MG – Brasil. mechanisms to recognize and respond to infections caused by pathogens. Plant resistance 2Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Depto. de Bioquímica e gene analogs (RGAs) have been identified in certain plants as candidates for resistance (R) Genetics and Plant Breeding Biologia Molecular, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n – 36570-900 genes or membrane receptors that activate the R genes. The RGAs identified in different plants – Viçosa, MG – Brasil. possess conserved domains that play specific roles in the fight against pathogens. Despite the 3Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Depto. de Fitopatologia, importance of RGAs, in coffee plants these genes and other molecular mechanisms of disease Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n – 36570-900 – Viçosa, MG – resistance are still unknown. This study aimed to sequence and characterize candidate genes Brasil. from coffee plants with the potential for involvement in resistance to H. vastatrix. Sequencing 4Universidade Federal de Viçosa – Depto. de Fitotecnia, Av. was performed based on a library of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) of the coffee clone Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n – 36570-900 – Viçosa, MG – Brasil. -
Genetic Profiling of Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae Melissa L
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2005 Genetic profiling of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Melissa L. Madsen Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Microbiology Commons, Molecular Biology Commons, and the Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Madsen, Melissa L., "Genetic profiling of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae " (2005). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 1793. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/1793 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. ® UMI Genetic profiling of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae by Melissa L. Madsen A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program of Study Committee: F. Chris Minion, Major Professor Daniel S. Nettleton Gregory J. Phillips Eileen L. Thacker Eve Wurtele Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2005 UMI Number: 3200480 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Comparative Analyses of Whole-Genome Protein Sequences
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Comparative analyses of whole- genome protein sequences from multiple organisms Received: 7 June 2017 Makio Yokono 1,2, Soichirou Satoh3 & Ayumi Tanaka1 Accepted: 16 April 2018 Phylogenies based on entire genomes are a powerful tool for reconstructing the Tree of Life. Several Published: xx xx xxxx methods have been proposed, most of which employ an alignment-free strategy. Average sequence similarity methods are diferent than most other whole-genome methods, because they are based on local alignments. However, previous average similarity methods fail to reconstruct a correct phylogeny when compared against other whole-genome trees. In this study, we developed a novel average sequence similarity method. Our method correctly reconstructs the phylogenetic tree of in silico evolved E. coli proteomes. We applied the method to reconstruct a whole-proteome phylogeny of 1,087 species from all three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya. Our tree was automatically reconstructed without any human decisions, such as the selection of organisms. The tree exhibits a concentric circle-like structure, indicating that all the organisms have similar total branch lengths from their common ancestor. Branching patterns of the members of each phylum of Bacteria and Archaea are largely consistent with previous reports. The topologies are largely consistent with those reconstructed by other methods. These results strongly suggest that this approach has sufcient taxonomic resolution and reliability to infer phylogeny, from phylum to strain, of a wide range of organisms. Te reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is a powerful tool for understanding organismal evolutionary processes. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal RNA (rRNA) clarifed the phylogenetic relationship of the three domains, bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic1. -
1 Supplementary Material a Major Clade of Prokaryotes with Ancient
Supplementary Material A major clade of prokaryotes with ancient adaptations to life on land Fabia U. Battistuzzi and S. Blair Hedges Data assembly and phylogenetic analyses Protein data set: Amino acid sequences of 25 protein-coding genes (“proteins”) were concatenated in an alignment of 18,586 amino acid sites and 283 species. These proteins included: 15 ribosomal proteins (RPL1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 11, 13, 16; RPS2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11), four genes (RNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, Transcription antitermination factor NusG) from the functional category of Transcription, three proteins (Elongation factor G, Elongation factor Tu, Translation initiation factor IF2) of the Translation, Ribosomal Structure and Biogenesis functional category, one protein (DNA polymerase III, beta subunit) of the DNA Replication, Recombination and repair category, one protein (Preprotein translocase SecY) of the Cell Motility and Secretion category, and one protein (O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase) of the Posttranslational Modification, Protein Turnover, Chaperones category, as annotated in the Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COG) (Tatusov et al. 2001). After removal of multiple strains of the same species, GBlocks 0.91b (Castresana 2000) was applied to each protein in the concatenation to delete poorly aligned sites (i.e., sites with gaps in more than 50% of the species and conserved in less than 50% of the species) with the following parameters: minimum number of sequences for a conserved position: 110, minimum number of sequences for a flank position: 110, maximum number of contiguous non-conserved positions: 32000, allowed gap positions: with half. The signal-to-noise ratio was determined by altering the “minimum length of a block” parameter. -
Effectors of Mycoplasmal Virulence 1 2 Virulence Effectors of Pathogenic Mycoplasmas 3 4 Meghan A. May1 And
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0533.v1 1 Running title: Effectors of mycoplasmal virulence 2 3 Virulence Effectors of Pathogenic Mycoplasmas 4 5 Meghan A. May1 and Daniel R. Brown2 6 7 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New 8 England, Biddeford ME, USA; 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College 9 of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA 10 11 Corresponding author: 12 Daniel R. Brown 13 Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, 14 University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA 15 Tel: +1 352 294 4004 16 Email: [email protected] 1 © 2018 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 27 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0533.v1 17 Abstract 18 Members of the genus Mycoplasma and related organisms impose a substantial burden of 19 infectious diseases on humans and animals, but the last comprehensive review of 20 mycoplasmal pathogenicity was published 20 years ago. Post-genomic analyses have now 21 begun to support the discovery and detailed molecular biological characterization of a 22 number of specific mycoplasmal virulence factors. This review covers three categories of 23 defined mycoplasmal virulence effectors: 1) specific macromolecules including the 24 superantigen MAM, the ADP-ribosylating CARDS toxin, sialidase, cytotoxic nucleases, cell- 25 activating diacylated lipopeptides, and phosphocholine-containing glycoglycerolipids; 2) 26 the small molecule effectors hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia; and 3) 27 several putative mycoplasmal orthologs of virulence effectors documented in other 28 bacteria.