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Nanotechnologies Output, Impact and Collaboration

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Nanotechnologies Output, Impact and Collaboration Nanotechnologies Output, Impact and Collaboration A comparative analysis of France and other countries 2 CONTENTS 3 Executive summary Nanotechnologies are a key enabling technology with a broad spectrum of applications in several different fields and are one of the top research priorities at the European level and in France as well. This report provides an overview of the research activities on nanotechnologies using a document set of +428,000 papers published in the period 2010 – 2014, collected by a search query that utilizes key concepts extracted from a sample of relevant journals using a semantic technology called Elsevier Fingerprint Engine. The analysis is carried out on production, quality and collaboration. Nanotechnologies are one of the fastest growing areas of research worldwide, with an average growth rate close to 11% year-over-year for the past 5 years. Growth is driven mainly by China and India while the US and the European countries struggle in keeping up with the global pace. Nanotechnology is also a highly competitive field, with a citation impact almost 70% higher than the world average. While the US still leads the group of comparator countries from the point of view of citation impact, China has surpassed Germany and bridged the gap with UK, while Iran has surpassed France and reached Italy. European countries have a strong propensity for international collaboration, with about half of their papers showing co-authors from different countries; China, India and Iran on the other hand have 40 to 50% of their outputs resulting from institutional collaboration. US, Japan and South Korea have a more balanced ratio of institutional and international collaborations. Impact doesn’t seem to be strongly correlated to the types of collaborations, with countries that benefit from international partnerships, like the UK, and others, such as France, which do not gain citation impact proportionally to their internationalization efforts. Overall, this analysis confirms that nanotechnologies are an extremely competitive field, where the leadership of the US and EU is challenged by countries in Asia that are investing heavily in this area and see not only their output but also the impact of their research growing steadily. It will be worthwhile to analyse in the coming years if the availability of dedicated funds through the H2020 programs will result in European countries being able to maintain a position of scientific leadership in this field which has an enormous potential to be translated into innovation and eventually economic development. CONTENTS 4 Contents Contents 4 1 Case study: Nanotechnologies 5 1.1 Introduction 6 1.2 Overview of the dataset 7 1.3 Key Findings 10 1.4 Output 11 1.5 Citation Impact 13 1.6 Collaboration 17 APPENDIX A: Methodology and data for the case study on Nanotechnologies 20 APPENDIX B: Semantic Fingerprinting 22 APPENDIX C: List of nanotechnology related journals used to select the keywords 23 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 5 Case study: Nanotechnologies We investigate the performance of France in the field of Nanotechnologies. The analysis is based on a multidisciplinary corpus of publications selected through relevant keywords. We focus on the number of publications, the citation impact, the collaborations and their influence on production and impact for France and selected countries among the most active in the field. CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 6 1.1 Introduction Nanotechnologies, with their application to a broad range of challenges (such as environmental issues, sustainable energies, food safety, advanced materials and medicine) have been selected by the European Commission as one of the Key Enabling Technologies (KETs) that will allow European industries to retain competitiveness and capitalise on new markets1. To support research and development efforts on KETs - and Nanotechnologies in particular - dedicated funding programs such as the Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies (LEIT) have been created within Horizon 20202, which follow up on previous funding streams in the Framework Programmes 6 and 7. Likewise, In France, nanotechnologies are definitely at the heart of several of the Défis of the Stratégie nationale de la recherche3. In this study we focus on the scientific output in the field of Nanotechnologies in the years from 2010 to 2014 included. In order to conduct an analysis as accurate and comprehensive as possible, a corpus of publications has been assembled with a bottom-up approach, by selecting documents based on relevant keywords. The resulting dataset has been used to model two research areas: one including all publications, the other limited to publications with at least one author from a French institution. A detailed description of the methodology is available in Appendix A. After having qualified the dataset in terms of its content and coverage, the analysis will cover the dimensions of Output Citation impact Collaboration Research trends 1 See http://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/key-enabling-technologies/index_en.htm 2 See http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en/h2020-section/nanotechnologies 3 See http://cache.media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/file/Strategie_Recherche/69/3/rapport_SNR_397693.pdf CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 7 1.2 Overview of the dataset The dataset contains 428,895 publications published between 2010 and 2014, which corresponds to about 3.3% of the total scientific output recorded by Scopus in the same period. The pie chart below shows the distribution of subject areas represented in the dataset, based on the classification of the journals in which the papers in this dataset have been published. Figure 0.1— Breakdown of Nanotechnologies by subject area, 2010 – 2014. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 The same chart applied to the subset of publications featuring at least one French institution shows a similar distribution, but with a higher share of Physics and a lower one of Engineering. Figure 0.2— Breakdown of Nanotechnologies by subject area, 2010 – 2014. Publications with at least one French institution. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 The top journals appearing in this research area, by number of publications, are listed in the table below, both for all publications and for France only. The journals that are unique to each list are highlighted in yellow. CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 8 Table 0.3— Top journals by number of publications, Nanotechnologies, World, 2010 - 2014. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Journal Number of publications Journal of Physical Chemistry C 7645 Advanced Materials Research 6487 Applied Physics Letters 6287 Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials 5443 Physics RSC Advances 5069 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 4801 ACS Nano 4788 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical 4753 Engineering Journal of Applied Physics 4745 Langmuir 4520 Nanoscale 4330 Nano Letters 4007 Nanotechnology 3990 ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 3742 Journal of Materials Chemistry 3709 Materials Letters 3606 Applied Surface Science 3578 Chemical Communications 3435 Electrochimica Acta 3241 Carbon 2923 Table 0.4— Top journals by number of publications, Nanotechnologies, France, 2010 - 2014. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Journal Number of publications Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials 600 Physics Journal of Physical Chemistry C 502 Applied Physics Letters 425 Langmuir 358 Journal of Applied Physics 327 Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical 310 Engineering Nanotechnology 243 ACS Nano 218 Physical Review Letters 216 Nano Letters 206 Carbon 176 Nanoscale 173 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 163 Chemical Communications 145 Journal of Physics: Conference Series 144 Journal of Materials Chemistry 135 Soft Matter 134 Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings 128 Journal of Nanoparticle Research 125 RSC Advances 119 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 9 The most frequent concepts featured in the research area are represented in the word clouds below, where the size of the label is proportional to the frequency with which it appears in the documents and its colour takes into account the growth trend. The first one includes all the publications in the research area, the second one only those with at least one French institution in the authors’ affiliations. Figure 0.5— Top 50 concepts in Nanotechnologies, World, 2010 - 2014. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 Figure 0.6— Top 50 concepts in Nanotechnologies, France, 2010 - 2014. Source: SciVal.com, last updated 27 July 2015 CASE STUDY: NANOTECHNOLOGIES 10 1.3 Key Findings FRANCE’S WORLD ARTICLE SHARE FRANCE FIELD-WEIGHTED CITATION IMPACT -5.9% 1.67 Research in nanotechnologies grows 4 times faster than the Articles in nanotechnologies receive on average 68% more world average across all fields. With an average growth of 4.4%, citations than the global average across all fields, years and France, like the US and other European countries) has been document types. In such a competitive research area, France is losing output share over the past 5 years. keeping the pace with the world average citation impact, but has been surpassed by Iran and scores below other European countries such as Italy, Germany and the UK. OUTPUT Nanotechnologies are one of the fastest growing areas of research worldwide, with an average growth rate close to 11% year-over-year for the past 5 years. Growth is driven mainly by China and India while the US and the European countries struggle in keeping up with the global pace. IMPACT Nanotechnology is a highly competitive field, with a citation impact almost 70% higher than the world average. While the US still leads the group of comparator countries from the point of view of citation impact, China has surpassed Germany and bridged the gap with UK, while Iran has surpassed France and reached Italy. COLLABORATION European countries have a strong propensity for international collaboration, with about half of their papers showing co-authors from different countries; China, India and Iran on the other hand have 40 to 50% of their outputs resulting from institutional collaboration.
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