Joining Hands for Health
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f'.;'cJ}R.Af"(.~ Volume 4 - No.4 1986/87 .. '. JOINING HANDS FOR HEALTH REF 10 KILL CARING AND SHARING AT SCHOOL TIME TABLE OF CONTENTS Page What is AIDS Dionne Benjamin 1 Editorial . 2 AIDS '" Owasa Duah 3 AIDS is Hard to Get.. Kenneth Ofosu-Barko 4 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Prevention Peter Diggory 6 The Public Speak Shandalanae Edwards 8 AIDS: Its Impact on Mothers & Children David Sassoon 9 Your Tests Results Are Rosa Mae Bain 10 Up Date Felicity Aymer 15 The Nurse's Responsibilities Alice Gardner & Julieth Minnis 22 AIDS A Legal Perspective Emanuel Osadebay 23 The Pastoral Care of AIDS Patients Emmette Weir 25 AIDS in Pregnancy Madlene Sawyer 28 Income Replacement Audrey Deveaux 29 The Impact of AIDS on Hospitalisation Pamrica Ferguson 31 The State of AIDS in the Caribbean & Northern America Mark Crowley 32 The Christian Response to the AIDS Crisis A Reflection Alfred Culmer 34 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Surayya Kazi 35 Two Patients' Views Felicity Aymer 37 The Story of AIDS Dionne Benjamin 38 Evaluation 39 About the Contributors...................................................................................................................................... inside back Editorial Committee........................................................................................................................................... inside back .. :!1~~ ··~~m .. ~\\m ... WHAT ,sAIDS?1 AIDS (HIV) is a serious illness that impairs the body's ability to fight infection. Without full resistance, a person with AIDS is unable to fight off diseases & infections which otherwise healthy people-ea . , r rlr,1' I ~J 'T'iT\ How ,sAIDS SPREAD? I VI (1) Sexual Contact (2) Contaminated Blood (3) Vi WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS? I Profound Fatigue, Chronic Diarrhoea, Swollen Glands (neck & arm pits), Rapid Unexplained Weight Loss, Dry Cough, Shortness of Breath, Skin Changes, Night Sweating. How ,sAIDS PREVENTED? I Practice Abstinence (no sex) or Monogamy (one partner); avoid shar ing instruments which puncture skin (needles, razor blades), Reduce your sexual partners, Use a condom with spermicide. Note: YOU CANNOT GET AIDS THRU CASUAL CONTACT - For Example: EDITORIAL This issue of Joining Hands For Health, Caring and Standing Committee for the Prevention and Control of Sharing at School Time, deals exclusively with the dis AIDS. Its terms of reference are:- ease AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, now referred to as HIV); we have sought to share as much 1. To further develop and ensure implementation ·information about this disease as possible with our col of a programme for the Health Education for leagues. Both the infection and the disease itself are the community as a whole; incurable. Less than half of those infected so far have gone on to develop the .disease. The disease is often 2. 1,:> continue monitoring blood banking proce fatal. For the most part, young men and women in the dures and ensure its safety; prime of their lives are affected. The costs to them, their 3. to further develop and monitor treatment proto families and the nation when computed are likely to be cols for patients with AIDS; phenomenal. 4. to promote and disseminate protocols for It should be most reassuring though for the public to Health Care and Allied Health Care Workers; learn that AIDS is NOT a communicable disease and therefore that, by adopting certain behaviours, they can 5. to develop policy on National Screening Pro readily reduce and/or eliminate their risks of both getting grammes and to recommend regulatory and/or the virus (becoming infected) and possibly later of devel legislative measures; oping the disease. 6. to monitor research on AIDS epidemiology, clin Unfortunately, AIDS reflects a side of our lives about ical course and treatment in the Bahamas. which we are not only often reluctant to speak but also, one which is shrouded in mystery, double talk and moral The Chairperson of this Committee is Dr. Vernell ity, human sexuality. Allen, Chief Medical Officer. AIDS also forces individuals to assume greater re We in the Ministry of Health and more especially the sponsibility for their personal health - nutrition, personal Health Education Division now have the uneviable task cleanliness, adequate rest and physical activity, non-de of reassuring the public that AIDS is hard to get and that pendence on substances. they CAN take positive steps to reduce their risks. Be cause the HIV lives in body fluids mainly blood and se The presence and prevalence of AIDS In The Baha men, with basic precautionary measures they can live, mas is indeed a cause for grave concern. The Minister of work worship, relax, indeed have any number of social Health, the Han. Dr. Norman Gay, in recognition of this contacts with any AIDS patients or carrier without fear of fact and also that this disease has been recognised glob contracting the disease. They should, however, all be ally as the number one public health problem of the cen alerted to the fact that greater responsibility than hereto tury by the World Health Organisation (WHO) has devel fore exerted in sexual encounters will now have to be oped a major co-ordinated strategy and appointed a taken. In this regard, only they can make the decision. \ AIDS IN THE AMERICAS Cases Notified By 19 June 1987 Excluding the USA Canada 1052 French Guiana 68 Venezuela 69 Argentina 78 Bahamas 105 Trinidad & Tobago 134 Dominican Republic 200 Puerto Rico 374 Mexico 487 Others 392 2 AIDS OWASA DUAH During the past five to six years, AIDS - Acquired IS THERE A CURE? Immune Deficiency Syndrome - has been a medical Not yet - but scientists are getting closer to finding mystery often surrounded by fear and confusion. Since it one. There are now drugs such as AZT in experimental was identified in 1981, scientists worldwide have put for and clinical trials. ward many theories to explain this tragic illness. Much has been learned to further our understanding but many PREVENTION IS THE KEY questions are yet to be answered. TO THE CONTROL OF THIS ILLNESS. This summary is intended to give you the facts All that doctors can do at the present time is treat about AIDS and correct some of the myths and miscon the illnesses contracted because of the weakened im ceptions that have resulted from fear of this illness. mune system such as tuberculosis and fungal infections. Unfortunately, without help from the body's natural de WHAT IS AIDS? fences, illnesses may recur or new ones may develop. AIDS is a condition that, by attacking the immune system, affects the body's natural ability to fight disease. HOW CAN AIDS BE PREVENTED? A normal immune system, like a well organised army, The following precautions will help prevent the rallies its forces to combat invasion by foreign agents. spread of AIDS AIDS weakens the body's defences; as a result, the body becomes vulnerable to unusual, serious illnesses. 1) Decrease your number of different sexual part ners. WHAT CAUSES AIDS? 2) Use condoms. AIDS is caused by a virus referred to as HIV. There are now two types of virus, HIV I and HIV II. The former 3) Maintain high standards of health and personal is found to be the culprit in the Americas, Europe, Cen cleanliness. tral Africa, and Caribbean. HIV " is found to cause AIDS 4) Do not have sexual relations with persons In West Africa. known or suspected of having AIDS or who is a known carrier of AIDS. WHO GETS AIDS? 5) Do not share needles and syringes if you use AIDS PRIMARILY AFFECTS YOUNG PEOPLE: intravenous drugs. a) Homosexual and bisexual men between the 6) Do not donate blood if you belong to a group ages of 20 and 39 years affected by AIDS. b) intravenous drug abusers - use of dirty and REMEMBER!! AIDS may be contagious long before contaminated needles and syringes. symptoms appear. c) blood tranfusions e.g. Haemophiliacs d) heterosexuals are also now affected by the ill WHAT IS BEING DONE NOW TO DEAL WITH AIDS IN ness. THE BAHAMAS? REMEMBER! The government of The Bahamas, through the Min AIDS has mainly occurred in very well-defined istry of Health, has set up a Standing Committee to look groups of people. If you or your sexual partner (s) do not into the problems of AIDS in the country. Various sub belong to one of these groups, your chances of getting committees have been set up and are now in the proc AIDS are virtually zero. ess of submitting their reports to the main Committee. • 3 AIDS IS HARD TO GET KENNETH OFOSU-BARKO AIDS is now a disease of choice and not of chance!!! YOU WON'T GET AIDS IF YOU DO NOT WANT TO! Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has 1. Major Signs 'been acknowledged as the major public health problem facing mankind in this century. However, it may not be a) weight loss or abnormal slow growth. an exaggeration to say that the other disease "FRAIDS" b) chronic diarrhoea of more than one month's du - the fear of AIDS - has caused more havoc than ration. AIDS itself. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodefi c) prolonged fever for more than one month. ciency virus (HIV), formally known as HTLV-Ill/LAV. 2. Minor Signs The World Health Organization (WHO) has offered a) generalised lymphadenopathy; the following definition for AIDS in adults and children, in the absence of confirmatory test for HIV antibody. b) oro-pharyngeal candidiasis; , c) repeated common infections (otitis, ear; pharyng Adults: itis, throat); d) persistent cough; Aids in an adult is defined by the existence of at least two of the major signs associated with at least one e) generalized dermatitis; minor sign, in the absence of known causes of immuno f) confirmed maternal HIV infection' suppression such as cancer or severe malnutrition or other recognized causes.