Artisans Versus Nobility?
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& Gorgues Brysbaert Artisans versus nobility? In prehistoric Europe hierarchic societies arose and developed technological systems and processes in the production of objects related to everyday use, on the one hand, and items of religious and Artisans Artisans symbolic character emulating prestige and luxury, on the other, while both types of objects may not always be clearly distinguishable. This volume deals with questions of how artisans and other social versus groups, involved in these productive processes and social practices, reacted to and interacted with the demands connected with elites identities formation, affirmation reconfirmation practices. Innovations and the development of new technologies designed to versus nobility? satisfy the needs of ostentatious behaviour and achieving prestige are key issues of this volume. For example, how can we identify the MULTIPLE IDENTITIES OF consequences of such processes, how can we define the role(s) that ELITES AND ‘COMMONERS’ the craftspeople played in such contexts, and are these always as clear-cut as usually portrayed? The book’s common aim is to nobility? VIEWED THROUGH THE LENS investigate the economic, socio-political, as well as the technological contexts and backgrounds of the make-up of material culture and OF CRAFTING FROM THE technologies in these periods. We examine which role(s) artisans may CHALCOLITHIC TO THE IRON have played in status and identity formation processes, in rituals and in symbolic performances, in other words, in each aspect of life and AGES IN EUROPE AND THE death of selected Chalcolithic, Bronze and Iron Age populations in MEDITERRANEAN Europe. Many aspects of the social interaction patterns between the different groups of people in those periods have not been adequately discussed and investigated, especially the artisans’ important role(s). This volume aims to redress these imbalances by investigating how social groups interacted with each other, and how we may recognize such interactions in the material remains. edited by Sidestone ISBNSidestone 978-90-8890-396-0 Press Ann Brysbaert & Alexis Gorgues ISBN: 978-90-8890-396-0 9 789088 903960 This is an Open Access publication. Visit our website for more OA publication, to read any of our books for free online, or to buy them in print or PDF. www.sidestone.com Check out some of our latest publications: Artisans versus nobility? Sidestone Press Artisans versus nobility? MULTIPLE IDENTITIES OF ELITES AND ‘COMMONERS’ VIEWED THROUGH THE LENS OF CRAFTING FROM THE CHALCOLITHIC TO THE IRON AGES IN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN edited by Ann Brysbaert & Alexis Gorgues © 2017 Individual Authors Published by Sidestone Press, Leiden www.sidestone.com Lay-out & cover design: Sidestone Press Photograph cover: Babylon, Ishtar Gate (Irak) detail of moulded glazed bricks, 6th Century BC, Pergamon Museum Berlin (taken by Ann Brysbaert) ISBN 978-90-8890-396-0 (softcover) ISBN 978-90-8890-397-7 (hardcover) ISBN 978-90-8890-398-4 (PDF e-book) Contents Editors’ Biographies 7 List of Contributors 9 Editors’ Acknowledgements 11 Artisans versus nobility? Crafting in context: introduction 13 Ann Brysbaert Production as activity. Defining the context of casting production in 37 late prehistoric Scotland Daniel Sahlén A place for crafting? Late Bronze Age metalworking in southern 53 Scandinavia and the issue of workshops Anna Sörman The power of production in the northern Iberian world 79 (6th-3rd centuries BC) Alexis Gorgues Rich metallurgists’ (?) graves from the Varna I cemetery. Rediscussing 101 the social role of the earliest metalworkers Verena Leusch, Steve Zäuner, Vladimir Slavčev, Raiko Krauß, Barbara Armbruster, Ernst Pernicka Who’s in charge here? The making of military communication 125 vectors in the Late Iron Age in western Europe Alexandre Bertaud Chipped stone tools from the Early Bronze Age settlement of 139 Minferri (2100-1650 cal. BC) (Lleida, Spain). Raw materials, technology and activities inferred Dioscorides Marín Castro, Juan F. Gibaja Bao, Natalia Alonso Martínez, David Ortega Cobos, Antoni Palomo Pérez and Andreu Moya Garra The artisans of metal and the elite in the western Hallstatt zone 161 (630-450 BC) Emilie Dubreucq For blacksmiths, are advanced technical skills the way to achieve 191 elite status? The case of the western Hallstatt area during the transition between First and Second Iron Ages Anne Filippini Index 209 Editors’ Biographies Ann Brysbaert is Associate Professor/Reader in Archaeological Sciences and Material Culture Studies and the Director of Research of the Faculty Board at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University. She is the Principal Investigator for the ERC Consolidator project SETinSTONE (Grant nbr. 646667; 2015-2020). Previously, she held permanent and senior research positions at the Universities of Leicester, Glasgow, Heidelberg and Leiden, and has been Professeur Invitée at the University of Bordeaux-Montaigne, France, since 2014. She publishes regularly on crafting and prehistoric technologies: Material Crossovers: Knowledge Networks and the Movement of Technological Knowledge between Craft Traditions. London: Routledge (2014, with K. Rebay-Salisbury and L. Foxhall); Tracing Prehistoric Social Networks through Technology: A Diachronic Perspective on the Aegean. London: Routledge (2011); Power of Technology in the Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. The Case of Painted Plaster. (Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, 12), London: Equinox Press (2008). She currently finalizes: Tracing Local, Regional and Interregional Craft Networks Viewed through a Technological Lens at Late Bronze Age Tiryns. A Comparative Mycenaean Workshop Study. (Universitätsforschungen zur Prähistorischen Archäologie. Reihe Heidelberg). Bonn: Rudolf Habelt (with M. Vetters). Alexis Gorgues is Associate Professor in Late Prehistoric Archaeology at the University of Bordeaux Montaigne. He was previously fellow of the Casa de Velázquez (Ecole des Hautes Etudes Hispaniques et Ibériques, Madrid, 2003- 2005), and Assistant Lecturer at the University of Toulouse 2- Jean Jaurès. He directed excavations in Southern France and Spain, on Late Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements as well as in potters’ workshops. His main publications to date are (with P. Moret and J.A. Benavente Serrano) Iberos del Matarraña. Investigaciones arqueológicas en Valdeltormo, Calaceite, Cretas y La Fresneda (Teruel), (Al-Qannis, 11), Alcañiz (2006) and Economie et société dans le nord-est du domaine ibérique, (Anejos del Archivo Español de Arqueología, LII), Madrid (2010). editors' biographies 7 List of Contributors Dr. Natalia Alonso Martínez, [email protected] Department of History, University of Lleida Campus del Rectorat, Pl. de Victor Siurana, E-25003 Lleida, Spain Professor Barbara Armbruster, [email protected] CNRS, Laboratoire TRACES – UMR 5608 – TRACES, Université de Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, Le Mirail, Maison de la Recherche 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France Dr. Alexandre Bertaud, [email protected] UMR 5607 AUSONIUS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Maison de l’Archéologie 8 Esplanade des Antilles 33607 Pessac Cedex, France Dr. Ann Brysbaert, [email protected] Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University Van Steenis Building, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, Nederland Dr. Emilie Dubreucq, [email protected] UMR 5608 TRACES, Université Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, Maison de la Recherche 5 allées Antonio Machado 31058 Toulouse Cedex, France Dr. Anne Filippini, [email protected] EVEHA – Etudes et Valorisations Archéologiques, Agence de Toulouse 9 rue Ritay 3100 Toulouse, France Dr. Juan Fransisco Gibaja Bao, [email protected] Department of Archaeology of Social Dynamics, IMF-CSIC, Barcelona Institución Milà i Fontanals-CSIC, C/Egipciaques 15, 08001, Barcelona, Spain Dr. Alexis Gorgues, [email protected] UMR 5607 AUSONIUS, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Maison de l’Archéologie 8 Esplanade des Antilles 33607 Pessac Cedex, France Dr. Verena Leusch, [email protected] Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie, Mannheim Mannheim D6 3, 68159 Mannheim, Germany Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institute for Pre- and Protohistory and Medieval Archaeology Burgsteige 11, 72070 Tübingen, Germany list of contributors 9 Dr. Raiko Krauß, [email protected] Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Institute for Prehistory, Early History and Medieval Archaeology Burgsteige 11, 72070 Tübingen, Germany Dioscorides Marín Castro, [email protected] Department of History, University of Lleida Campus del Rectorat, Pl. de Victor Suriana, E-25003 Lleida, Spain Department of Archaeology of Social Dynamics, IMF-CSIC, Barcelona Institución Milà i Fontanals-CSIC, C/Egipciaques 15, 08001, Barcelona, Spain Andreu Moyà Garra, [email protected] GRAPHA, University of Lleida Campus del Rectorat, Pl. de Victor Siurana, E-25003 Lleida, Spain David Ortega Cobos, [email protected] Department of Archaeology of Social Dynamics, IMF-CSIC, Barcelona Institución Milà i Fontanals-CSIC, C/Egipciaques 15, 08001, Barcelona, Spain Dr. Antoni Palomo Pérez, [email protected] Department of Prehistory, Autonomous University of Barcelona Departament de Prehistoria, Edifici B Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain Professor Ernst Pernicka, [email protected] Institute of Geosciences, Heidelberg University and Curt-Engelhorn-Zentrum Archäometrie, Mannheim Mannheim D6 3, 68159 Mannheim, Germany Dr. Daniel Sahlén,