Summer 2017 The NEWSLETTER Editor: Scott Weidle International Society Contributors: Mark Bebar, PO Box 157, Hume, VA 22639, USA Ray Vellinga, Worldwide Hydrofoil Community

CONTENTS PRESIDENT'S REPORT SUSTAINING MEMBERS • HYDROFOIL SUP Q&A First, major thanks to the team of:

• SAILOR’S PAGE Mark Bebar: Vice President and co- chairman of the Mandles Prize o A-Class Foiling Bill White: Web page o Technical Analysis of the Roger Schaefer: Treasurer Scott Weidle: Newsletter Editor 35th 's Cup Race Harry Larsen: SmugMug editor

• HYDROFOIL NEWS Martin Grimm: special projects All 11 Judges for the Mandles Prize o SeaBubble: Hydrofoil (generally requesting anonymity)

Venture Welcome back to IHS activity: Scott Smith, accomplished Florida o Carton Ondule Foil hydrofoiler. • IHS NEWS This has been a terrific year for IHS OFFICERS 2017 o Joint Dinner Meeting with in general and the Ray Vellinga President SD-5 International Hydrofoil Society in Mark Bebar Vice President particular. New designs thrilled Roger Schaffer Treasurer o IHS New Projects enthusiasts. For example, Joel Roberts Acting Secretary electrically powered surfboards o Mandles Prize for Hydrofoil Bill White Technical Director made the market, sail powered Scott Weidle Editor Excellence hydrofoil boards of various

configurations continued to gain • FROM THE ARCHIVE: THE popularity, and several classes of BOARD OF SPEEDIEST BOAT boats engaged in DIRECTORS international racing events. Moths • IN MEMORY OF and foiling catamarans attract worldwide competitors, but the o 2015-2018 2016-2019 George “Dick” Follis biggest and most exciting Mark Bebar Harry Larsen o Michael R. Terry phenomenon is the America's Cup David Patch Tom Lang race in Bermuda. Look for my Roger Schaffer Joel Roberts article on this event in this Ray Vellinga Bill White newsletter. DISCLAIMER IHS chooses articles and photos for Other big news is the dramatic 2014-2017 potential interest to IHS members, increase in membership of IHS. Joel Billingsley but does not endorse products or Midway through 2016 I received Martin Grimm necessarily agree with the authors’ approval from the board to waive the Capt Frank Horn opinions or claims. $30 annual membership fee. We Scott Weidle have significant cash reserves to carry us for several years and asking IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 for more money took second place academics, engineers, designers, 2014-1 = bringtalent to the need to be broadly recognized manufacturers, military, aviators, 2013-4 = memberscount in the world of hydrofoils. Dropping writers, and filmmakers. Partly 2013-3 = sunnyday the dues requirement made it because of the Mandles Prize, the 2013-2 = flyingships possible to bring in a new member largest category so far is academics 2013-1 = hydrofoilworld without any specific initiative being with 715 members. The total demanded of him. Typically, a number of members is approaching A new idea for getting the archived qualified individual was welcomed 2,400. Before taking office, our newsletters out to the total into the Society. Every new short list of members was perhaps membership is to open a new, member was assured that there will 300, although it was not known how discrete web site linked to our main be no obligation and that all many of those members were alive web site. This would be a simplified personal information will be kept and foiling. Some of those site that could be maintained by one confidential. individuals date back to our interested member. Bill White and I founding in 1970, and many were will work with the individual to This way of bring in new members associated with inactive military supply a program and help him learn follows a long-standing practice by projects. the needed skills. It’s a super past president John Meyer and opportunity to learn and improve others of informing qualified Currently, our primary sources of web skills. Do I hear a ? hydrofoilers that they are special, income are the annual contributions they have been awarded, the award received from our three generous A big reason for the high number of is in the mail, they are now a Sustaining Members, NAIAD academic members is their interest member of IHS, and the annual $30 Dynamics, MAPC, and Island or association with the Martin dues are waived. Most have returned Engineering. Any company or Mandles Prize for Hydrofoil thanks, but not everyone individual reading this is welcome Excellence. Martinn and Connie acknowledges the award or the to come aboard with a modest Mandles are continuing for the membership. For example, I have annual tax deductable donation. In fourth year to provide the Prize’s made several personal attempts return, we will publish articles, financing. Winning students from while in Paris over the years to provide advertisement, and create sponsoring universities have been contact a certain famous and publicity. Later this year, time granted a portion of the annual accomplished French hydrofoil permitting, I plan to make a few $4,500 divided between the first, sailor granted awards by past phone calls and perhaps expand this second, or third prizes. The administrations. No luck. No program. competition is truly international response. That is one good reason with entries from , why included in each new “welcome” A major advantage to being a Tasmania, Switzerland, Netherlands, there is always an invitation to drop member of the IHS is access to all India, England, and of course the out anytime with a simple request our information and documents United States. This year we have (and perhaps save me from chasing about hydrofoils. Much of this can eight students competing. Here is a around some foreign capital). Only be found in past newsletters, which list of the 14 competing universities one such request has been received. have been traditionally password for the last four years: If you have received a “welcome” protected. Because you have a copy email, we sincerely wish you to feel of this newsletter it is indicated that Australian Maritime College, welcomed, and to enjoy our free and you are a member, so here are the University of Tasmania valuable services, with no obligation. passwords from past newsletters. Cedarville University, Ohio, USA École Polytechnique Federale de Individuals qualified for 2015-2 = hydros Lausanne, Switzerland membership include those who 2015-1 = quadrofoil Florida Institute of Technology, demonstrate an affection for 2014-3 = volga275 Melbourne, Australia hydrofoils, naval architects, 2014-2 = shipshape2014 Page 2 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017

Massachusetts Institute of and I made two videos featuring his worked with Alexander Graham Technology, Massachusetts, SWATH and SSP Ships. SWATH is Bell aboard the HD-4 hydrofoil boat. USA short for Small Waterplane Area On September 9th, 1919, on the Bra Stevens Institute of Technology, Twin Hulled Craft, and SSP for D'Or Lakes at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA Stable Submerged Platform. Tom the HD-4 set a world marine speed Swiss Federal Institute of has made several dramatic record of 70.86 miles per hour. Technology Zurich, Switzerland contributions to the world of Unfortunately, a year later that Technical University of Delft, hydrofoils including about 50 of his record was beat by Gar Wood in a Netherlands ships working across the globe. hydroplane named Miss America. Tolani Maritime Institute, Pune, For details go to Wikipedia India A week ago, I started reading his University of New Orleans, latest book: An Engineer’s Unified Louisianna, USA Theory of Physics that answers University of New South Wales, some of the questions left from Australia Einstein’s work. Tom, who has 4 University of Southampton, degrees including a Ph.D in England aerospace engineering from US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Pennsylvania State U, is working Maryland, USA with Cal Tech to have his theories Webb Institute, Glen Cove, NY, receive broader recognition in the USA academic community. HD-4 at Baddeck, Nova Scotia All the winning papers may be seen To navigate to our channel, go to in 1919, Wikipedia at www.foils.org. Next year’s Prize youtube.com and in the search box contestants are encouraged to type International Hydrofoil. Or The project now underway is to have contact us now and begin visit the channel: an International Hydrofoil Society preparations today. The summer reunion at Baddeck. announcement and rules for the The Facebook page, created less Featured at the event may be a 2018 Mandles Prize will be posted than one year ago by Bill White, hydrofoil Class C regatta, on our website by October 2017. continues to grow and attract home-built powered hydrofoils, increasing attention. Simply type human-powered hydrofoil, kite In other news, the 8,000 photos Facebook.com into your URL and board foils, and professionally built displayed in our Phanfare program then type in the search bar, foil craft. All members and friends were transferred to SmugMug by International Hydrofoil. Or go to are encouraged to attend. Contact Harry Larsen. There a still a few the page. Mark or Martin for details as they bugs to be worked out, but overall become available. the move was an improvement. Any member is encouraged to post Most of all, I like the large photos material to our YouTube or Now for something completely for each classification; much more Facebook locations. If problems or different. A couple of years back at attractive than the small icons from doubts arise, contact me at a social event in Paris, I met a before. [email protected] documentary film director and producer Charles de Lartigue. We Our new YouTube account, that I Mark Bebar and Martin Grimm talked and discovered mutual opened a few months back is continue to communicate with Sean likings of sailing and hydrofoils. continuing to draw attention. There Balwin as he develops the planning are five videos posted, and we have for the Fall 2019 hydrofoil Charles took an interest in me about 16,000 views to date. Among celebration in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. because of my position in the them, board member, Dr. Tom Lang, Sean is the grandson of Frederick W. International Hydrofoil Society. I “Casey” Baldwin who in 1919 Page 3 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 was initially curious about Charles hydrofoils in the current HYDROFOIL SUP Q&A because he had created a film called competition. And we usually get a On June 20th, a friend of the Yachting 150 ans de tradition. The few new members. International Hydrofoil Society, film includes footage of the Don, asked the following America’s Cup race. Of course, the This June again in Paris, Charles and question on our Bulletin Board America's Cup boats now run on I worked on the English monologue Service at foils.org: hydrofoils so he and I have common for his new AC documentary. He has completed the promotional ground. When Charles discovered Q: The current rage in Stand-Up trailer and is looking for $$ to that I live near the San Diego Yacht Paddle-boarding (SUP) is complete the 90-minute version. Club, and had reciprocal privileges, hydrofoiling. You have to balance Any angels out there? he asked if I knew or could get in fore and aft on the board to get the contact with the America's Cup board up on foils and keep it leveled winner Dennis Conner. “I could try Can’t get enough music about hydrofoils? Go to Youtube.com and out. Can anyone think of a way to but I didn't know him”. So, one day have a foil that articulate and have Charles showed up at my doorstep, search for Hydrofoil - The Musical. It’s by Osho. You’ll love it. the angle of attack controlled by a and we hopped in my car and drove wand similar to the Moth class? Any to San Diego Yacht Club. We hung ideas would be greatly appreciated. around for a two afternoons looking Want to be more involved in our not-for-profit Society? We for Dennis and had no luck. End of Long term member, Scott Smith, story? welcome recruits for Newsletter, Facebook page, Web site, and the replied with a clear, concise, and intuitive answer: By coincidence a few months later I Mandles Prize promotion and judging. This is a great opportunity was talking to a lawyer friend, Chris A: That would be an interesting for on-the-job training of important Wenther, and the conversation challenge. The main problem is the skills, and to help promote the turned to sailing. I told him about the way that the SUP hydrofoil is exciting concept of hydrofoil flying. work in progress on a sailing movie controlled. All hydrofoils need to be of the America's Cup. Chris chirped, controlled in pitch, roll, and yaw, as “America's Cup, I'm their lawyer well as height above water. Height and I happen to be good friends with above water also falls into 2 Dennis Conner”. So, he made for us categories, contouring and an appointment with Connor, platforming. In contouring mode, Charles and his cameraman flew the vessel (or board) follows the up over, and the four of us sat down at and down of the waves, maintaining the SDYC and made a 20 minute constant height above the face of the video of Dennis telling how they DUES ARE HISTORY wave as it goes up and down. In won the Cup in the good old days. platforming, the altitude of the As a key part of the incoming new Then Charles filmed me advocating vessel stays fairly constant, so the administration, annual dues have the importance of hydrofoils to the foils are deep as you cross the crest been eliminated. The new program Cup boats (which may or may not of the wave, and shallow as you is to rely on Sustaining Member and end up on the cutting room floor). cross the trough between waves. donations from any member that Since then I have shown one of volunteers to make tax deductible. You can try to control all these Charles’ films at The Gig Harbor Advertising in the Newsletter, Web things yourself, or let the foil system Yacht Club and have a tentative date Page, and Facebook will be made control some or all of them. In the to show it again at the San Diego available for nominal contributions. SUP board, there is only 1 wing (it Yacht Club. I always represent Please inquire with Ray Vellinga to may look like 2, but it really acts like myself as the President of the IHS place an advertisement. 1) and it has no inherent stability. and stress the importance of The operator controls everything Page 4 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 with his balance. The pitch of the that strut, as well as be able to and the controls and stability change board, combined with forward influence the wand to maintain again. movement, controls the height control and the ability to turn. You above water. To use a system like mentioned the foiler moth, it is a Adding pitch control to a SUP board the wand you mentioned, it will good example. The foil on the keel would mean adding foils, and have to control pitch as well as provides lift, balance and sail controls. It could be done if you height. That presents three problems. control handles roll. The don't mind having a 2-axis tiller, or The operator won't be able to change controllable foil on the rudder some handlebars, but would you between contouring and platforming controls yaw, pitch, and height want to ride this board standing up, unless you add a manual override to above the water. Steer with the tiller, with handlebars? By the time you the pitch sensor (wand). If the waves and turn the handle on it to control added what you needed to make this are small and you are platforming, pitch/height above water. If you more stable, you might as well sit then a big wave comes along you don't mind having some kind of 2 down on it. Because by then it would have to switch to contouring. The axis tiller on your SUP board, you be more like a hydrofoil kayak than second problem has to do with could add a wand for added stability a SUP board. and an additional control to influence The human body and brain have an what the wand is doing. amazing ability to learn and control The Yamaha OU32 had things. Personally, I don't have the a wand to automate coordination for a SUP hydrofoil, or pitch control, but a foiler moth for that matter. But the pushing or pulling on foil systems used on the SUP board, the steering wheel air chair, etc. are simple, versatile would allow the pilot and efficient because the human additional influence. performs all the control needed. So that linkage is known, and fairly Over the years I have discovered one simple. To see the universal truth about hydrofoil boats. OU32 click on visit They always look simpler than they YouTube really are. If hydrofoils were as simple as they looked, there would Hydrofoil Stand-Up Paddleboard (SUP) So, what would it look be lots of them around. But when Photo credit: http://www.lojasupkite.pt like and act like? Well, you do the research you begin to see turning. You need to add pitch if you wanted to add stability to a there are far more failed attempts during a turn. I won't get into the unicycle, you could add a second than successful hydrofoil boats. physics here, but trust me, pilots wheel. But then it would be a bicycle. Lately there has been a proliferation have to pull back on the stick when And it isn't just what it looks like. A in hydrofoils on SUP boards, they turn a plane. The third is that unicycle is all about body balance surfboards, knee-boards, etc. But if the foil on these SUP boards is and pedal control. A bicycle is all you look closely you will notice essentially 1 wing. Adding an about forward movement and they all use the same basic foil effective control surface to a single steering for control. A unicycle can design. wing isn't impossible, but nearly so. pivot 90 degrees on its tire without

It's one of the reasons you don't see moving anywhere. A bicycle can a lot of 'flying wing' aircraft around. only do that if you lift one wheel off the ground. If you want a bicycle to So, you decided to add another strut stand up when it isn't moving, add to the front (or back) of the board, another wheel. Now it is a tricycle with a wand. Now you have to steer Page 5 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 SAILOR’S PAGE to credit earned in the elimination sail trim, wing shape, jib trim, races. rudder, and main foils -- commonly called dagger boards. The Kiwi’s A-Class Foiling Catamarans What were spectators thinking at the cycling allowed the entire 6-man Recent NOOD Regatta held completion of the fourth race? team to better conceal themselves in February 17-19, 2017 in St. There remained the possibility of the upwind hull. They did not sit up, Petersburg, Florida featured nearly optimism. In the 2013 previous race hike-out, or otherwise extend their 40 A-class foiling catamarans. Find series in San Francisco, Oracle was bodies outside the enclosure, a out more at Sailing World: down 8 to 1 against New Zealand common practice used by sailors and dominated the next eight races including the two Oracle team

for a final winning score of 8 to 9. members seated most aft on the outer edge of the hull. By using leg- Technical Analysis of the Back in the Sargasso Sea and during power, three cyclists could match 35th America's Cup Race a five-weekday break, Oracle made the horsepower requiring four one publicized change by taking off traditional arm-powered grinders. By Ray Vellinga a few pounds. The rules allowed for An early impression was that the an unlimited number of weight pedalers were modeled in the In June, Patricia and I visited the changes up to 10% of the total. It America's Cup Races on the island fashion of high performances was suggested that several hundred bicycle riders: big thighs, compact of Bermuda. We were enroute to pounds had been left at the dock. Barcelona from Port Canaveral bodies. Perhaps like champion But at what cost? Did they remove Lance Armstrong who bikes on land aboard the NCL cruise ship, Epic. rigging, instruments, hydraulic gear? On the island, we witnessed practice at 160 lbs. The American’s team, Were the Americans handicapped who were in fact all from Australia runs that were to be followed by the by what was removed? Louis Vuitton elimination races. except one from the UK, appeared to Seven countries compete to become weigh more due to upper body In the next two racing days, New proportions. In fact, here are two the Cup Challenger. The winner, Zealand won with a final score of 7 Emirates , would examples to demonstrate equality of to 1. Now the big question is, how the two teams. Grinder Kyle sail against the reining Cup holder, did the Kiwis eat Oracle's lunch? Oracle USA. Langford weights 198 lbs, but I will suggest some possible answers After returning to the USA, I by combining speculation and a resumed following the races in my tidbit of inside information. No living room. NBC provided expertise is claimed, but the spectacular coverage with aerial observations are vetted by personal video, graphics, and interviews. experience with hydrofoils, aviation, Here are some observations after racing, and 19 years of four races in two days mid-June. Mediterranean sailing. The weather was Bermuda perfect with clear skies and winds below 19 First, the New Zealanders put more knots. In the third race, the wind emphasis on reducing wind was fairly steady at 11 knots while resistance, an important detail at the boats flash by at an amazing 41.5 speeds exceeding the island taxis. knots, a ratio of nearly 4 to 1. They They used bicycle style rigs to were perfect race days for everyone exploit the leg strength of their except team Oracle USA who trailed Olympic class bicyclers. The NZ the New Zealand Kiwis four to zero, cyclists and the Oracle grinders AC50 photo credit: officially shown as three to one, due provide hydraulic power to all https://www.americascup.com/en/history.html systems including the main wing Page 6 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 cyclist Simon Van Velthooven is agile, stable, precise, hydraulic sail painted black to conceal the material. 203 lbs. No weight saving here. trimmer. Although metal is heavier, it can provide superior strength and Here’s a related advantage. In addition, the Kiwis had a light stiffness characteristics. Helmsman Peter Burling does not wind advantage in their hydrofoil control pitch, but Oracle Helmsman configuration. The winds at the start IHS member Tom Spear of team Jimmy Spithill does. Cycling of second race were only 8.7 knots USA observes that, (Although) releases one New Zealander, Blair and Team NZ was correctly rigged “Some exotic metals like beryllium Tuke, from the muscle work, and he with larger foils. It is also believed or boron are prohibited by the rules, is then free to focus entirely on that the foil’s thickness ratio (foil metals like steel or titanium could be trimming the dagger board’s angle thickness/chord) was less than that used (if the) entire section were of attack to maintain a smooth and of the Oracle’s boat. The larger low- made of metal. If ETNZ used metal constant pitch. This extremely speed foils allowed the Kiwis to take in their boards, it is more likely their important job can require several off at lower speeds, and to remain boards bent more than OTUSA's, angle-of-attack adjustments each foilborne more easily during tacking not less. Their thinner boards would second. It’s much better not to and jibing. The thinner foils may have been less stiff, because multi-tasking here. The result is less have allowed less drag and higher stiffness varies with the fourth sailing energy lost in needless power of thickness, but still pitching and larger angle of able to take the load.” incidence corrections. There is also a reduced risk of pitch This discussion is significant poling, and less chance of because one dagger board losing at least 15 or 30 supports most of about three seconds or more by dropping tons of displacement. With the hulls onto the surface less distortion under load, the while tacking or jibing. foils would perform more like predicted in the computer To illustrate how touchy this programs used, such as job is, consider my XFOIL, panel codes, and experience test flying human Navier Stokes CFD codes. L’hydroptere powered boats. Eight mph was the maximum speed For example Tom goes on to anyone could control pitch manually speeds at a given lower wind explain, “When the boards bent they while being distracted by physical velocity. became more v-shaped and tilt the exertion. The much longer, heavier vertical lift to leeward. This required AC boats would pitch slower, but During the race, two sets of foils an increased side force from the would still require maximum were permitted to be interchanged. shaft (AKA strut or vertical concentration of the operator Also changes of less than 30% were component) and this increases the considering speeds possibly allowed on each of the foils. drag. So OTUSA probably had less approaching 60 mph. Having a Otherwise, to make new foils, lead drag from the bending, at the dedicated operator of the pitch time of three months and many expense of more drag from control undoubtedly gave an edge to thousands of dollars are needed. thickness”. the Kiwis. Although both teams appeared to Other conditions may be affected by Perhaps a smaller gain was earned have their foils made of carbon fiber the foil’s thickness, for example, when the Kiwis eliminated the reinforced resin, some suspected the vibration, oscillation, surface traditional mainsail sheet (rope) in thinner Kiwi foils may have been proximity effects, and ventilation. favor of a streamlined, powerful, composed of structural metal simply Vibration and oscillation would be

Page 7 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 nearly impossible to computer done too little too late, altering the model and extremely difficult to rudders to help hoist the boat higher measure, yet they would affect lift when foiling. "They are now and drag resulting in wasted energy. minimum size, and they were Both teams used foils that are very maximum size," said a bemused much horizontal. When a hydrofoil Cayard. "They've got 30 engineers rises to within 1.5 times the chord from Airbus given to the team for from the surface, the lift drops three years and they didn't get the dramatically. Very near the surface, drag associated with the foils right." the lift can diminish to 60% of full See what Tom Slingsby has to say lift. When the foil broaches the about rudders on YouTube for, surface, lift virtually disappears as “Tommy Talks Rudder Wings.” air surrounds the foil. This is called ventilation. These are just examples Tom Speer responds, “There was a of how difficult it would be to lot going on with modifications to closely predict foil performance the elevators that I can't talk about. under all conditions. So, luck is a Reducing the area was a visible factor in design. change, but it wasn't the most Dr. Sam Bradfield’s boat, significant change. The elevators Osprey Tom adds: “The other thing you did a lot more than just stabilize the should know is the really dangerous boat in pitch, and Tom Slingsby keep; especially with camouflaged loads were not the positive loads talked about it some in the video he spies lurking in the bushes, as once from flying the boat, but the made about why the boats sailed reported. negative loads from dropping the with a bow-down attitude. How the (dagger) boards. When the L shaped elevators behaved is still proprietary Furthermore, we may have boards had positive loads, the but the changes actually made them witnessed the ironic advantage of compression of the top layers in the more effective”. the challenging team. During the curved elbow resulted in the skins Louis Vuitton qualifying races, the being squeezed onto the core, and If anyone doubts the importance, Kiwis fought 26 blood duels against the core was loaded in compression danger, and trickiness of these aft seven hungry competitors. Oracle across the thickness of the core. But components; view the YouTube raced also, but on only six occasions. when the boards were given a video “Capsize – Emirates Team There is no substitute for the life or negative angle of attack to drive New Zealand pitchpole in America's death struggles of these elimination them down in maneuvers, the Cup” of the Kiwis pitch poling when heats. Perhaps this helps to explains negative lift on the wing resulted in their elevators breach the surface: why Jimmy Spithill, was thought by tension in the top layers that wanted some to be less aggressive than his to pull the unidirectional planks off Timing may have played a role. The “Captain Hook” reputation might the core due to the curvature of the kiwis came late to Bermuda. Their promise. elbow. Several of the teams, appearance was one and a half OTUSA included, broke AC45 months prior to the beginning of the For example, in the first two days, boards this way in testing & races. They had seen less of the helmsman Spithill allowed at least training.” competition than the other teams, three un-forced penalties including but this allowed for earlier secret crossing the starting line twice. Then there is the question of the two development at their distant island Each was one or two seconds before inverted “T” rudder/elevator foils. home. On the other hand, Oracle the starting gun. These may have NBC Sports reports that former began practicing in Bermuda two cost Oracle two races. America's Cup skipper Paul Cayard years prior to the beginning of the believes Oracle's design team have races, making their secrets harder to Page 8 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 Final words about foil design, in the light it came to me: it’s a sport. IHS NEWS 2013 during the 34th AC Cup match They make it difficult on purpose! OTUSA added foils to the AC72 Joint Dinner Meeting with SD-5 hulls, and these were designed to Such irony that the Kiwis were the High-Speed Planing Craft foil entire downwind legs, but be first to figure how to play around the rules. Prof. Stefano Brizzolara, PhD sail hull-borne for the upwind legs. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA Compared to the AC50s of today, Dr. Brizzolara calls planing hulls the foil’s contributions were "the emblematic category of high designed to be relatively small. speed marine craft." He started by HYDROFOIL NEWS reviewing the most significant In the 35th AC Cup match the AC50 planing hull designs of the past and catamarans were all designed by SeaBubble: Hydrofoil Venture their famous designers, in Europe OTUSA. Also, the sails were The engineers and sportsmen behind and the USA, such as Renato Levi, virtually identical. All competitors L’hydroptere are seeking to, “open Peter du Caine, Pietro Baglietto, used the hulls and sails, with the waterways for everybody, all around Eugene Clement, Donald Blount, provision they were expected to the world, by creating a new way to Ray Hunt; and their builders such as design their own foils. move people on waterways at car Riva, Pershing, FB Design, Wally In 34th AC Cup match with their speed, for the price of a regular cab, and Overmarine. He then explained unique design, the Zealanders were with no impact on the environment their hydrodynamics and how they the first to make long upwind flights nor on the cities’ infrastructure.” have integrated hull and propulsion. and this made them winners for 7 Their concept, SeaBubble, is Next, he touched on aspects of consecutive races in 2013 prior to electric, autonomous, and flies on styling, especially for yachts, and the Americans mastering their foils at 12 km/h. Visit their website showed that few important secrets. The next big advance was for more. innovations have come in recent again made by New Zealand when decades. He then presented new they learned how to sustain flight ideas and concepts that appear to throughout a tack (turning through offer dramatic performance the opposing wind) and a jibe Carton Ondule Foil improvement. One of those, the (turning through the trailing wind). The surface-piercing “Carton Stepped Cambered Planing Hull Ondule” foil was featured in a with Hydrofoils (SCPH2), has Years ago, it was a troubling Classic Fast Ferries Short Item shown drag reduction of more than mystery to me why the AC72 boats published in October 2016 by Tim 30 percent in model scale tests, and subsequent designs did not Timoleon. Designer Hans Jorgen compared with present designs. incorporate automatic pitch and Hanson has also uploaded videos on height determining devices. These YouTube of model tests performed might have been patterned after the for the fast French L’hydroptere that used ferries. surface piercing front foils, or the Dr. Sam Bradfield’s boat that used surface following wands linked to variable incidence front foils (or elevators). But then I was reminded of my past ideas for the NBA to lower the hoops (so I could make a basket) and for the MBL to make bigger balls (so I could hit one of the damned things), and like a bolt of PT.50 Freccia delle Isole laid up in Messina in 1992 Photo credit: Tim Timoleon, Classic Fast Ferries Page 9 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017

Stefano Brizzolara is an Associate Professor in ocean vehicle dynamics in the Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department at Virginia Tech, as well as a research scientist at MIT, where he founded the Innovative Ship Design Lab, iShip. As a Naval Architect and Marine Engineer with a PhD in numerical hydrodynamics for ship design, he Model Test of Stepped Cambered Planing Hull gained a solid high-tech ship design with Hydrofoils (SCPH2) experience in the Navy Shipbuilding outreach, identifying speakers for to two $1,000 Honorable Mention Division of Fincantieri, in Genoa, dinner meetings, and collecting awards. The announcement and Italy. He developed numerical photos and videos for Facebook and rules for 2018 will be posted on methods for high-efficiency low- SmugMug. foils.org by October 2017. noise propeller design and unconventional high-speed hull Many of these activities can be done In order to open the competition to a form design and optimization that at home over the internet or phone wider spectrum of qualified entries, have led to several innovative hull and can be at any level of submissions by students based on forms and marine propulsor engagement that you are willing and work completed since 2013 will be technologies. He is the author of able to provide. We urge all of you eligible for the Mandles Prize. This more than 150 scientific papers and to consider where you might help in is an outstanding opportunity for the inventor of six patents (two furthering these efforts. Please next generation of hydrofoil pending). He presented at the Army contact Ray Vellinga (email) or developers to be acknowledged for Navy Country Club in Arlington, Mark Bebar (email) if you’re their efforts to advance the state of VA on February 2017. interested. There is much to do and the art in hydrofoil and hydrofoil- your active participation is critical to assisted craft engineering, design a successful future for the and construction. Background on International Hydrofoil Society. the Mandles Prize and Rules for the IHS New Projects competition can be downloaded IHS has embarked on a wide range from the IHS website. of initiatives aimed at increasing (www.foils.org) awareness of hydrofoil and Mandles Prize for Hydrofoil hydrofoil related technology Based on the 2017 entries and award Excellence winners, we anticipate a very developments around the world. The International Hydrofoil Society th exciting competition and look has collected eight entries in its 4 forward to receiving many high- We are fortunate to have a Board of year hosting this Prize thanks to the Directors that has devoted much quality entries. Questions on the generosity of Mr. Martinn Mandles, Mandles Prize can be e-mailed to time and effort over many years in a long-time member of IHS and his moving these initiatives forward. Ray Vellinga (email) or Mark Bebar wife Connie. IHS will once again (email) if you’re interested. The best way for you to support the sponsor the Mandles Prize for Society and become a future Board Hydrofoil Excellence competition member is to pitch in and become next year with applications due in involved. Initiatives include May 1, 2018. Students and faculty, contributing to the Newsletter, now is the time to start thinking promoting the Mandles Prize and about entering. The competition, judging its entries, improving the includes a $2,500 First Prize and up website and its content, member Page 10 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 FROM THE ARCHIVE: applied with success except what definite results, says the Scientific THE SPEEDIEST BOAT has been attempted with gliding American. The rust hydroplane he boats. In these boats, however, tried, during the years 1905 and Charles Pieroth supplied a copy of the hull does not leave the water, 1907. immediately demonstrated the the September, 1911 National but skims on the surface, which excellence of the new system, but its Geographic Magazine which hinders the attainment of really performances were always contained the following article: high speeds. handicapped by the irregular working of a bad 70- horsepower Through the courtesy of Dr. "The most important motor with which it was fitted. Alexander Graham Bell and Mr. characteristic of the hydroplane is Another hydroplane, tried during the F.W. Baldwin, the National that the resistance of the water is years 1908 and 1909, was fitted with Geographic Magazine publishes not dependent on the speed, but a steam motor that worked more information of perhaps the most remains constant, and is equal to regularly. unusual craft afloat, the hydroplane half the total weight of the boat of Mr. Forlanini. In this apparatus; the total resistance is Although the effective power was motorboat Dr. Bell only 25 horsepower recently traveled 45 and the weight of the miles an hour on Lake boat over a ton, this Maggiore, Italy. The machine attained a new Italian speed of over 50 hydroplane is kilometers an hour. described by its inventor, Enrico The hydroplane that Forlanini, of Milan, is being tested at as follows: present weighs two tons when there are “The apparatus has two persons aboard -- been patented it is possible to carry under the name of four other persons -- appareccio and it is fitted with a idrovolante- 100-horsepower (apparatus for Forlanini hydroplane – Lake Maggiore, 1910 gasolene (sic) motor. hydroplaning). It commons.wikipdia.org It has attained a speed constitutes true increased only by a portion of of 45 miles an hour, hydraulic flight, the apparatus and this speed will be increased by being sustained by the water in resistance due to the air, a portion naturally proportional to the the introduction of a few the same manner that birds and modifications that are being aeroplanes are sustained in the air; square of the speed. In consequence, similar gradually indicated during the trials that is to say, by the dynamic it is now undergoing. This reaction of the water on the hydroplanes in the future should be able to attain speeds of 60 to hydroplane has a hull 32.8 feet long; superfices or planes attached to at the bows and stern are two strong the hull of the hydroplanes, most 100 miles an hour and change themselves into flying machines steel tubes transversely. At the four of these planes remaining free ends of these tubes --namely, on completely out of the water while by the addition of the necessary planes for aerial suspension." the starboard and port sides of the the machine is in action. boat --is fixed a sort of framework, which contains a series of planes, 'The idea of using the dynamic After six years of experimenting, Forlanini can now consider that he one above the other. These reaction of the water is not new, superfices of planes are made of but up to the present has not been has arrived at fully satisfactory and Page 11 IHS Newsletter Summer 2017 high-resistance steel, the IN MEMORY OF directly with Mike in the late 1970s workmanship being very accurate, during his assignment in the PHM and their size decreases from the top Acquisition Program Office (PMS to the bottom. 303). It was during this time (OPEVAL) that PHM-1, USS When the hydroplane is not working, PEGASUS , experienced significant but is floating on the water like any technical issues in key ship systems. other ordinary boat, the planes are This resulted in an intense immersed in the water, and have a engineering effort by in-house Navy slight horizontal inclination. As and Boeing Marine Systems soon as the hydroplane, owing to the engineers to correct the deficiencies working of the screw, begins to George “Dick” Follis and include corrections in the move forward, the water exercises a shipbuilding specifications for vertical force on the planes in Seattle native, George “Dick” Follis PHM-3 Series production ships. precisely the same manner as the air passed away February 15, 2017. Mike was the technical lead for the on the planes of an aeroplane. The “Dick worked on the FRESH-1 and Navy in addressing these issues and hull therefore tends to rise and so I believe the Tucumcari. I know he ensuring a high level of PHM class diminish its immersion and, worked on FRESH-1 as an EE. Dick reliability and performance. He was naturally, the resistance against its and I spent a good 24 hours trying to a consummate professional, motion in a manner that the speed is salvage the electrical/ electronics by wonderful to work with, and will be able to increase. washing down and blow drying the sorely missed by all of us in the equipment after getting the salt hydrofoil technical community. In this way, there comes a moment water bath.” - Sumi Arima when the hull is completely out of the water. At this point the speed Obituary – Dignity Memorial rapidly increases, and little by little IHS WEB CONTENT Seattle Times Article the various planes or superfices rise Check it out (click on link): out of the water one after the other. http://foils.org/ When the maximum speed is SmugMug reached only the bottom planes Facebook Page remain on the water, while the YouTube Channel bottom of the hull is 65 centimeters higher OUR ASSOCIATE, THE FOILING WEEK. SEE THIS VIDEO: The propeller by which this strange http://www.foilingweek.com/ craft is driven is carried on a hollow tin, which may be seen amidships, the short propeller shaft being THE NEXT ISSUE revolved by bevel gears attached to Remember, if you enjoyed reading a vertical intermediate shaft, driven articles in this issue of the direct off the motor. Newsletter, they were provided with Michael R. Terry thanks to fellow IHS members. If CDR USN (ret) you are able to share news on new By Mark Bebar projects or research work and, better still, prepare an article for the It is with great sadness that I report Newsletter, please email: the passing of Michael R. Terry, [email protected] CDR, USN (ret) on March 11th, 2017. I was fortunate to work Page 12