Socialist Workers Party and Author Geoffrey Brown
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
What Next? Marxist Discussion Journal 30 Through What Stage are We Passing? ! Lessons of 1905 ! What is Secularism? ! Religious Hatred Bill ! Hangings in Iran ! AWL – Revolutionary Imperialists? ! The SW Platfrom in the SWP ! French Left ! Marxism is Dead! Long Live Marxism! ! The Importance of Happiness ! Guérin and Fascism ! Marx’s Theory of Crisis CONTENTS What Next? No.30 2005 Contributors THROUGH WHAT STAGE ARE WE PASSING? Ed George ........................................................... 1 Ed George is a member of the UGT trade union living in León PUNCTUATION MARKS: in the north of the Spanish state A STORY OF CLASS STRUGGLE Sheila Cohen ...................................................... 9 Sheila Cohen is a labor educator in the US and former editor of the SO WHAT IS SECULARISM? British rank-and-file paper Trade Ian Birchall ....................................................... 13 Union News THORNETT AND RELIGIOUS HATRED: Ian Birchall is a member of the A TROT WHO’S LOST THE PLOT Socialist Workers Party and author Geoffrey Brown ................................................ 16 of Sartre Against Stalinism OUTRAGE! AND THE IRAN HANGINGS: Geoffrey Brown doesn’t believe in CHRONICLE OF A MANIPULATION God but believes it is possible to Pedro Carmona ................................................ 21 have alliances with those who do THE ALLIANCE FOR WORKERS’ LIBERTY: BRITAIN’S REVOLUTIONARY IMPERIALISTS Pedro Carmona is a gay activist Tony Greenstein ............................................... 25 in Spain LIES, DAMN LIES AND TONY GREENSTEIN Tony Greenstein is a member of Daniel Randall and Sacha Ismail .................... 29 the Alliance for Green Socialism APPRAISING THE SW PLATFORM IN THE SSP Daniel Randall and Sacha Gregor Gall ....................................................... 32 Ismail are supporters of the Alliance for Workers’ Liberty THE SW PLATFORM IN THE SSP: A REPLY TO GREGOR GALL Gregor Gall is a member of Andrew Johnson and Mike Pearn .................... 38 the Scottish Socialist Party THE FRENCH LEFT AFTER THE REFERENDUM Andrew Johnson and Mike Andrew Coates ................................................. 41 Pearn are former members of the Socialist Workers Party MARXISM IS DEAD! LONG LIVE MARXISM! Mike Rooke ....................................................... 44 Andrew Coates is active in the THE IMPORTANCE OF HAPPINESS labour movement in Ipswich Harry Ratner .................................................... 50 Mike Rooke is a tutor in UNDERSTANDING FASCISM: Economics at Ruskin College, DANIEL GUÉRIN’S BROWN PLAGUE Oxford David Renton .................................................... 56 Harry Ratner is the author of THE MARXIST THEORY OF CRISIS Reluctant Revolutionary J. Winternitz ..................................................... 64 David Renton is the author of REVIEWS ...................................................... 73 Dissident Marxism: Past Voices for Present Times LETTERS ...................................................... 78 Through What Stage are We Passing? Ed George “[The] assertion that ‘everything is possible in a chimera, it is incumbent for anyone maintaining human affairs’ is either meaningless or false.” a commitment to socialist transformation with a – E. H. Carr1 modicum of intellectual honesty to point out that other roads to socialism – the so-called parlia- mentary one, for example, or the once modish What happened to the socialist revolution? strategies of “counter-hegemony” and the like – Anyone who has pretensions to being a revol- have been found even more wanting in their utionary socialist nowadays, at the dawn of the efficacy in shifting the power of the bourgeoisie twenty-first century, is surely obliged to answer and its political institutions than the socialist one simple, if salient, question: what on earth has revolution. The hard truth is that capitalist power happened to the socialist revolution?2 For those has only ever been directly and successfully of us who believe that the socialist transformation challenged by a revolutionary socialism. So, if the of society must through necessity pass through conclusion that the struggle for socialist eman- the gate of the revolutionary overthrow of the cipation was only ever a naïve and utopian dream capitalist order the fact is that moves to do just is to be avoided, the question poses itself in all its that have, since the mid point of the last century, force: what is it that is absent from the current been almost entirely absent from our planet; and world set up that was present in the first half of absolutely absent3 from that part of our planet the twentieth century; and what might be the where the locus of capitalist power is lies – the circumstances that will announce its return? advanced metropolis of western Europe, north America and Australasia.4 While the first half of The ‘long-waves’ of the capitalist economy the last century, as we shall see, was indeed a period It is now commonly accepted across the most rich in revolutionary experience in just this part diverse schools of economic thought – bourgeois of the world capitalist system, since the re- and Marxist, mainstream and heterodox – that the stabilisation of social and political order following global capitalist social order (whether it is label- the Second World War the metropolitan capitalist led as such or not) has since its infancy been sub- citadel has remained pristine in its resistance to ject to long-rhythm cycles (or “waves” or revolutionary challenge.5 “periods” according to taste) of more and then less For sure, the quarter of a century following accelerated growth, of relative expansion and the Second World War witnessed a period of relative contraction, of now more advanced dev- economic growth and social stability arguably elopment and now relative regression. There is, without parallel in human history: that openly of course, vigorous disagreement as to what the anti-capitalist struggles were marked only by their real root cause of these successive long-term waves absence in the bourgeois democracies of the “west” of relative boom and slump may be, and what in in this period was only to be expected. But what turn the waves themselves represent;6 given the of the period which opened up at the cusp of the scope of this essay, however, we shall for the sixties and seventies of the post-Second World War moment be skating around these questions, and boom? Those who believed that the “long detour” taking the existence of the phenomenon for grant- of the previous two decades would end in a re- ed. newal of the conditions favourable to placing the How can we periodise these long-term cycles? socialist revolution back on the historical agenda Again, while debate surrounds the details, there will have been sorely disappointed. is perhaps surprisingly general agreement as to While some will surely use this state of affairs the rough outline of the model. The following as further ammunition for the argument that the table7 would induce little outrage, even across the revolutionary struggle for socialism was always most diverse schools of economic thought: 1 Table 1: The Long-Waves of the Capitalist Economy CYCLE RISING PHASE DECLINING PHASE I 1780/90 ––––––––– A ––––––––– 1810/17 ––––––––– B ––––––––– 1844/51 II 1844/51 ––––––––– A ––––––––– 1870/75 ––––––––– B ––––––––– 1890/96 III 1890/96 ––––––––– A ––––––––– 1914/20 ––––––––– B ––––––––– 1940/45 IV 1940/45 ––––––––– A ––––––––– 1967/73 ––––––––– B ––––––––– ? According to this model, the modern global cap- ionary movement, directly aimed at the liberation italist system has undergone four successive cycles from Nazism, once more posed the actuality of of (relative) development and (relative) stagnation; socialist revolution.8 we should now be, were it to continue repeating Put another way, then, the entire period from itself, either right at the end of the fourth or just 1914 to 1945 in Europe was one in which the very at the beginning of the fifth of them. existence of capitalist rule was periodically chall- Following this model, and by a process of enged by revolutionary movement from below.9 induction alone, where should we expect signif- According to our earlier inductive suppositions icant revolutionary socialist challenges to the this is what we might have expected to find. capitalist system to occur? It should brook little But what of the other two periods? What of argument that revolution requires deep economic 1870-1896 and post-1967? It is of course clear that and social crisis to be triggered: we should no period of capitalism is entirely free from strug- therefore not expect to find significant revolutionary gles, sometimes very great struggles, and these upsurges – at least, not in the metropolis – in the two periods are no exception to the rule. The first ascending “A” phases of the cycle. And indeed we saw possibly the first great proletarian insurr- do not. ectionary movement in human history – the Paris Nor should it provoke too much opposition if Commune; and the second bore witness to two of we assume that revolutionary socialist movements the most highly developed mass struggles of re- will post-date the formation of genuinely prolet- cent living memory – May 68 and the Portuguese arian mass organisation, so we shall ignore the Revolution. But neither of these periods can com- period before the mid-point of the nineteenth pare to that of 1914 to 1945 in the way that in this century. We – knowing nothing else – should last case the capitalist