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From Hiroshima to Three-Mile-Island: Three Decades of Nuclear Power Opposition Rhetoric in the United States

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From Hiroshima to Three-Mile-Island: Three Decades of Nuclear Power Opposition Rhetoric in the United States UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2000 From Hiroshima to Three-Mile-Island: Three decades of nuclear power opposition rhetoric in the United States Theodore Erik Olds University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Olds, Theodore Erik, "From Hiroshima to Three-Mile-Island: Three decades of nuclear power opposition rhetoric in the United States" (2000). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/8zqx-9pli This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter 6ce, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are availaMe for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Compaiy 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. FROM HIROSHIMA TO THREE-MILE-ISLAND: THREE DECADES OF NUCLEAR POWER OPPOSITION RHETORIC IN THE UNITED STATES by Theodore Erik Olds A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communications Greenspun School of Communications University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 1996 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UNI Number: 1380528 Copyr^ht 1996 by Olds, Theodore Erik All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1380528 Copyright 1996, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ©1996 T. Erik Olds All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. The Thesis of Theodore Erik Olds for the degree of Master of Arts in Communications is approved. Chairperson, Dr. Richara7ensen|T*h.D. Examining Committee Member, Dr. Barbkra^ickering, Ph.D. ExamiSng g ^ n ^ tt% M em h^D n éage Chapel, Ph D Graduate Faculty-Representative, Dr. Craig Walton, Ph D Dean of the Graduate College, Ronald W. Smith, Ph.D. University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 1996 i i Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Rhetoric associated with the development of nuclear power in the United States was analyzed over 3-decades in order to better understanding the beginnings and constituents of the rhetoric associated with anti-nuclear power perspectives. An amalgamation of existing historical/rhetorical methods utilized by Gamson and Modigliani (1989) and Darsey (1991) were employed. Progressive interpretive anti-nuclear rhetorical packages were identified for corresponding historical periods within the 34-year period. Historical periods were segmented by catalytic events, or incidents important to nuclear power development which also presented opportunities for anti-nuclear power rhetoric. The analysis reveals four individual rhetorical packages: 1) Pandora’s Box; 2) Mirage; 3) Devil’s Bargain, and; 4) Mirage Two. The analysis further demonstrates that anti-nuclear rhetoric is progressive, synergistic, requires maintenance, relies on the unknown, and exists beyond what is reported in the media. I l l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.............................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................... v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................... I Purpose.......................................................................................... 6 Justification................................................................................... 9 Review of Literature ..................................................................... 11 Methodology ................................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 2 Period One Historical Overview ....................................................................... 23 Package Identification ................................................................... 38 CHAPTER 3 Period Two Historical Overview ....................................................................... 43 Package Identification ................................................................... 62 CHAPTER 4 Period Three Historical Overview ....................................................................... 66 Package Identification ................................................................... 84 CHAPTER 5 Period Four Historical Overview ....................................................................... 88 Package Identification ................................................................... 100 CHAPTER 6 Period Five Historical Overview ....................................................................... 104 Package Identification ................................................................... 114 CHAPTER 7 DISCUSSION ..................................................................... 117 Conclusion..................................................................................... 123 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................... 126 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express sincere appreciation to Dr. Richard Jensen, Ph.D., Dr. Barbara Pickering, Ph D., Dr. Gage Chapel, Ph D., and Dr. Craig Walton Ph.D. for their help, encouragement and expert tutelage in the preparation and completion of this thesis. I would also like to express a special thank-you my wife, Leslie, John and Gail Olds and Dan and MaryAnn Royer for their unwavering support and patience. And finally, I would like to express my thanks to fellow Master of Arts candidate, Cameron Andrews, for his support and advice in the completion of this thesis. V Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION I oppose nuclear energy [because] man has not suflBciently mastered the technology of the atom to justify the siting of nuclear power plants anywhere on earth, let alone in highly populated communities. —Senator Edward Kennedy, New York Times In this process the involved scientific community has been essentially ignored. We are inexperienced and inept at political or media gamesmanship. The problem is that our case is based on science, while the anti-nuclear case is based on political philosophy. —Bernard L. Cohen, Before It's Too Late - A Scientist's Case For Nuclear Energy In the predawn hours of July 16, 1945, physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer waited anxiously in a small observation shelter at a desolate site named Trinity in the New Mexico desert. The focus of his concern was a soon-to-be tested plutonium implosion bomb, aptly named "Jumbo," which sat atop a 100-foot tall steel tower. Oppenheimer had spent two years directing the efforts of an elite cadre of scientists at a secret laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico toward this moment. At approximately 45 seconds after 5:29 in the morning, a radio signal was activated detonating "Jumbo" with an explosive force equal to nearly 20,000 tons of TNT. Oppenheimer who had been
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