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On Anthropological Collections from the Holy Land. No. II Author(S): R On Anthropological Collections from the Holy Land. No. II Author(s): R. F. Burton Source: The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 1 (1872), pp. 321-345 Published by: Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2841264 . Accessed: 15/06/2014 18:55 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 185.44.77.82 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:55:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Capt. R. F. BuRToN.-AnthropologicalCollections. 321 Fromthe AUTHOR.-Mysteries of the VitalElement. By Dr. Robert H. Collyer. From the EDITOR.-TheJournal of PsychologicalMedicine, vol. v, No. 4. By Dr. W. A. Hammond. Fromthe EDITOR.-Correspondenz-Blattder DeutschenGesellschaft furAnthropologie, etc., June to October1871. From M. ALGLAVE.-La Revue Scientifique,No. 22, 1871. From the SocIETY.-Proceedingsof the Geologicaland Polytechnic Societyof the WestRiding of Yorkshire, 1870. From the SocIETY.-Reportof the Leeds Philosophicaland Literary Societyfor 1870-1. Fromthe EDITOR.-Nature, to date. Fromthe Rev. W. HARPLEY.-Reportand Transactionsof the Devon- shireAssociation, July 1871. The followingpaper was read: On ANTHROPOLOGICALCOLLECTIONS from the HOLY LAND. No. II. By Captain R. F. BURTON,F.R.G.S., late H.M.'s Consul at Damascus. MR. PRESIDENTAND GENTLEMEN,-Ipropose this evening,with your permission,to resume the descriptionwhich was begun during our last meeting; and I may open with remarkingupon the favourablereception given to it by the press and the public. This is at once proofand earnest that our study,Anthropology, is growing,and will grow,in general esteem; and we are en- couragedto hope that withina reasonabletime it will take rank as the most interestingof all studies. The great problemsre- servedfor Geographyto resolve are now few: the Polar Seas; partsof China and Japan; the islands of the Indian Ocean; and a white patch in Africa,which I would willinglydarken. But these done,only detailswill remain,and detailscan hardlybe ex- pected to arouse enthusiasm. With us it is verydifferent; and the fieldof discoveryis practicallyunlimited. Every fewyears open up aniotherchapter of prehistoriclore: with the clue ini our hands we can safelythread the labyrinthsof antiquity,and we must invertPalgrave's eloquent words, " That speechlesspast has begun to speak, the lost is no longer the utterlylost, the gone is not gone forever." No. 2 LOT. Listof Mr. Rattray's Collection presented to the Anthropological Institute. 28 fragmentsof skull bones,remarkably thick, and therefore presumedto be ofold date. 1 jaw boneand partof a skull; this appearsto be compara- tivelymodern, and may comefrom the neighbouringMoslem cemnetery. This content downloaded from 185.44.77.82 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:55:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 822 Captain R. F. BURTON.-On Anthropological 91 old copperbracelets (aswAr). 1 copperpin. 1 fragmentof brass bracelet. 2 bits of arm fibulae. Part of a buckle. 3 small coins. 15 bits of lachrymatories,the glass being highly iridescent. and of almostthe consistencyof talc. 4 pieces of old Syrian majolica,the usual type of what was made at Damascus by the Tartars fromKashan, who accom- panied the several invading hordes. Hence the fine" Persian tiles"are stillcalled " Hajar Kishani"(for " Kashani"),stone-ware. They may generallybe dividedinto threequalities, according to their age, which in no case can date beforeA.D. 1400: 1, the best are easily recognisedby the brightcolours and the glazing, which looks like a plate of glass; 2, the middle class, is inferior, but still good; and 3, the worst,is the modern,showing poor coloursand a weak attemptat vitrification.The specimenfrom the Harem of Jerusalem,which I now exhibit,seems to be of the second class. 1 bead of cornelian(aklk). 1 roundishbead of gum,probably Sandarus of the Sinaubar (P. Halipensis ?). 1 black bead. 1 greenbugle. 1 double bead. 3 blue bugles. These beads should be submittedto sonle West African merchantof long experience,who can compare themwith the " Popo", so highlyprized in WesternAfrica. This spindle-shapedor double cone specimenis ground. 4 beads of sorts. Mr. JohnS. Rattraybuilt a house at a place wherethe eastern slope of the Libanus fallsinto the Caele-SyrianVale, called Sa6hib el Zamin (Lord of the Age); in Januaryand February1870, he happenedto open a hollow to the south,which proved to be an artificialcavern, with a shaftor air-hole above, and containing five loculi; two only are shown in the accompanyingsketch by Mrs. Rattray. Subjoined is a groundplan of the cave,which faces towardsthe Buk&'a,or Cale-Syria; the corpsefurthest to the west enjoyed a loculus to itself; three compartmentshad theirgreater length disposed nearly due northand south,whilst the two othersran fromeast to west. The heads or feetof those occupying,the latter would, therefore, have frontedMeccah, show- ing that theycould not have beenlMoslems; on the otherhand, theymay have been Jews,who make the feetfront Jerusalem, so that,on arising,the dead may face the Holy City. Each This content downloaded from 185.44.77.82 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:55:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Jourr-t-Anthropolog IrstVol i,pl 13 GRQUN D PLAN OF MORTUARY CAVERN. Opened bYyMr JoiAwSC,o01t &rCfy ' I X:- / _ This content downloaded from 185.44.77.82 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:55:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Collectionsfrom the Holy Land. 323 body was depositedwithin six slabs of cut stone. The bones crumblingwhen exposed to the light,were reburied; but I per- suaded Mr. Rattrayto dig them up, and to continuehis inter- estingresearches. In one of tlle skulls a toothwas found,but that disappeared. The Sahib el Zaman represents,according to some,Hezekiah, who is commonlysupposed to sleep with his forefathersat Jerusalem. The tombis in a ruinousstate; but it is still visited by votaries,who, wishing to be cured of ague and fever,the plague ofCale-Syria, bringwith them a littlefrankincense and an abundance of faith,pass one night here, and returnto their homes whole. The cemeteryaround is, doubtless,of high anti- quity,and manyskeletons have been thrownup when digging the adjacent fields. A fewyards in frontof Mr. Rattray'shouse, and nearer the valley,lies the littlevillage of Karak-Nuh,*the ruin of Noah, and a " splendidruin" Noah's is. It is inhabitedby one family of Roman Catholics,with sundryMaronites and a majorityof Mutawalis (Shiah Moslems),who are kept in prettystrict order by ChristianZahlah. This sleepylittle Rip van Winkle place, with stone houses,and withouttrees-they cannot survive the ants and worms-contains the tomb of Noah, which does not, however,bring in as much revenue as its size entitles it to claim. The dimensionsare one hundredand fourfeet ten inches long by eightfeet eight incheswide and threefeet three inches high. The venerablevotary of the vine was, therefore,of nine- pin shape,and hardlyso well proportionedas SittnAHawwk, Our Lady Eve, at Jeddah. The sharp-ridgedgrave is of masonry, coveredhonoris cauisa' with the usual raggedgreen cloth, and the dimensionsof the long room,whose length is filled up by the tomb,are ten feet two inches in breadthby eight feet three incheshigh. Evidentlythe sectionof an old aqueduct has been pressedinto doingduty as a patriachalgrave. Outside thereis a small paved court,with a " mihrab" (prayer niche) and a domelet. The place commandsa fine view of the luxuriant valley,and is a favouritewith those who wish to " smell the air". In the dark store-roomof an adjacenthouse lyingsouth- west of the tomb,Mr. Rattrayfound the followingLatin mor- tuaryinscription, which speakswell forthe longevityof the man with manynames :t * There are many Keraks in the country: the most celebrated, perhaps, is that which occupies the site of Kir, an ancient capital of the Moabites, near the lower extremityof the Dead Sea. t Mr. Rattray also copied,at the tomb of Nabi Shays (Seth, son of Adam), the fragmentaryVETTIVS BAGATAE VIXIT ANN., which shows that that part of the Anti-Libanus was also occupied by the Romans. The stone, I believe, has lately been destroyed. This content downloaded from 185.44.77.82 on Sun, 15 Jun 2014 18:55:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 324 Captain E. F. BURTox.-On Anthropological CN. IVLIVSL. F. FAB. RYFVS P. P. HIC. SITVSEST. VIX. ANNOSLXXXIV. Half an hour west of Karak-NAhlies Mu'allakah,meaning the " dependency"-thatis to say, suburb(of Zahlah); the word is, in fact,our " hanger",as applied to hangingwoods. It is new, as Karak is old, having been built and colonised by the Amir Bashir Shihhb,wlhen that peremptory personage was offendedby the Sectarianswho reposedunder the shadow of the patriarchal wings,and its mud huts might have sprungup like fungi in a night. The lowerpart suffersseverely from ague and fever,the effectof poplar groves,of superabundantwater, and of the barber: the lattersometimes bleeds his two dozen a day, till the place looks as if,after a heroic defence,it had just been taken by storm. DESCRIPTION of portions of SKULLS fromnSAHIB EL ZAMAN(the so-called Cave Tombof Hezekiah),fr-om MR.
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