If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. Research Issues --2 Guide to Drug Abuse Research Terminology u.s. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Notional Inslitute on Drug Abuse L....t___________ ---""' ______ ~,· ~---". • RESEARCH ISSUES SERIES 1. Drugs and Employment 2. Drugs and Sex 3. Drugs and Attitude Change 4. Drugs and Family/Peer Influence 5. Drugs and Pregnancy 6. Drugs and Death 7. Drugs and Addict Lifestyles 8. A Cocaine Bibliography-Nonannotated 9. Drug Themes in Science Fiction 10. Drug Themes in Fiction 11. Predicting Adolescent Drug Abuse 12. Drug Abuse Instrument Handbook 13. Data Analysis Strategies and Designs for Substance Abuse Research 14. Drugs and Personality 15. Cocaine-Summaries of Psychosocial Research 16. The Lifestyles of Nine American Cocaine Users-Summary 17. Drugs and Crime 18. Drug Users and the Criminal Justice System 19. Drugs and Psychopathology 20. Drug Users and Driving Behaviors 21. Drugs and Minorities 22. Research Issues Update, 1978. 23. I nternational Drug Use 24. Perspectives on the History of Psychoactive Substance Use 25. Use and Abuse of Amphetamine and its Substitutes 26. Guide to Drug Abuse Research Terminology 27. Guide to the Drug Research Literature 28. Assessing Marijuana Consequences: Selected Questionnaire Items 29. Drugs and the Family Cover Illustration by Sumishta Brahmin, copyright 1978. Used by permission of the artist. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission of the artist. <0' I ,'J Research Issues 26 Guide to Drug Abuse Research Terminology Edited by Jack E. Nelson 89255 U.S. Department of Justice Helen Wallenstein Pearson National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the Mollie Sayers pers~n or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated In thiS document, ~re tho.~e of the authors and do not necessarily represent the offiCial position or policies of the National Institute of Thomas J. Glynn Justice. Permission to reproduce this CCpfAgPttect material has been .,graT\t.ed bjl • PUD~~C Domaln/U.S. Department 1982 OI1fecrhl1 & H~ to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). ~urther reproduc,tion outside of the NCJRS system requires permis­ sion of the CQ""nglil Owner. U.S. OEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, M D 20857 r------------------------------------------------------------ I :The U. S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or commodity. Trade or proprietary names appearing in this publication are used only because they are con­ sidered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. Material contained in this volume except for copyrighted material is in the public domain, and may be used and reprinted without obtaining permission from the Institute or the author. Cita­ tion as to source is appreciated. Permission has been obtained from the copyright holders to reproduce certain quoted material. Further reproduction of these quotations is prohibited without specific permission of the copyright holder. Permission to quote has been obtained for the following copyrighted material: (Chaplin 1975)--pp. 12, 13,14,15,21,23,29,31,36,37-38,50,51,52,61,64,71,74,77, 79,80,81,89,94. From Dictionary of Psychology: New Revised Edition by James P. Chaplin. Copyright (c) 1975 by James P. Chaplin. Reprinted by permission of Dell Publishing Co., Inc. (Encyclopedia of Sociology 1981 )--pp. 5, 23, 26, 27, 38, 44, 46, 52, 53, 65, 83, 86, 97, 99. From Encyclopedia of Sociology, New & Updated. Guilford, Conn.: Dushkin Publishing Group, 1981. Copyright (c) 1981 by DPG Reference Publishing, Inc. Reprinted with permission. (Fairchild 1976)--pp. 26, 30, 51, 62, 74, 90, 99. From Fairchild, H.P., ed. Dictionary of Sociology and Related Sciences. Totowa, N.J.: Littlefield, Adams, 1976 (orig. pUb. 1944). Reprinted with permission from Philosophical Library Publishers, copyright holders. (Lingeman 1969)--pp. lll, 15-16, 21, 43, 49, 71, 72, 83, 84, 86, 99, 100. From Lingeman, R. Drugs From A to Z: A Dictionary. New York: McGraw-Hili, 1969. Copyright (c) 1969. Reprinted with permiSSion from McGraw-H ill Book Company. (Zadrozny 1959)--pp. 26, 27, 45, 46, 74, 80, 82, 86, 99. From Zadrozny, J. Dictionary of Social Science. Washington, D. C.: Public Affairs Press, 1959. Reprinted with permission. THE EDITORS: Jack E. NeLson, HeLen WaLLenstein Peai$on, and MoLLie Sayeps, of Metpotec, Inc., Washington, D.C., paPticipated in deveLoping this pubLication for the NationaL Institute on Drug Abuse under Contract No. 271-80-3720. Thomas J. GLynn, Ph.D.; Division of ReseaPch, NID~. serv~d as co-editor in deveLopment of the materiaLs, and as NIDA proJect off~cer. CONTENTS PREFACE v INTRODUCTION USE OF GU IDE 2 DRUG ABUSE RESEARCH TERMINOLOGY 4 REFERENCES 101 APPENDIXES 115 Appendix A: Drug Classification 116 Appendix B! Drug Slang Terms 121 Appendix C: Trade Names 121 Appendix D: Acronyms 129 fEB 10 1983 iii .'''' PREFACE The first volume of the Research Issues Series was published in November 1974. Since that time, 29 volumes have been published in this series by the Division of Research, National Institute on Drug AbusE". The primary objective of the Research Issues Series is to provide both lay and professional read­ ers comprehensive, yet succinct, information on topics of central interest to the drug abuse field. The approach frequently iJsed has been to r:-rovlde abstracts of the relevant literature on a par­ ticular topic. In other cases materials have been developed and written especially for the series. This volume falls in the latter category and addresses the need for a reference guide to the ter­ minology of the drug abuse field. It is based upon a draft compiled by Gregory Austin of the Southern California Research Institute and reviewed by an editorial board of drug experts whose names and affiliations are listed balow. The board members have not reviewed this extensively revised final edit.ion, and the editors, while gratefully acknowledging the seminal contribution of the board members, take major responsibility for any imprecision or errors that may" occur. Richard J. Bonnie, J. D. Howard B. Kaplan, Ph.D. University of Virginia Department of Psychiatry School of Law Baylor College of Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia Houston I Texas Marcelline Burns Dan J. Lettieri, Ph. D. Southern Cal ifornia Research Institute Psychological Sciences Branch Los Angeles, California Division of Research National Institute on Drug Abuse Sidney Cohen, M.D. Rockville,' Maryland Neuropsychiatric Inst:tute University of California--Los Angele:; Mary Macari Documentation ASSOciates, Inc. ·Peter Fehrenbach Los Angeles. Cal ifornia Graduate Student Departm~nt of Psychology Stanton Peele, Ph. D. University of Missouri Department of Health Education Columbia, Missouri Teachers College at Columbia University New York City George J. Huba, Ph.D. Department of Psychology Patricia B. Sutker, Ph. D. University of California--Los Angeles Chief, Psychology Service Veterans Administration Medical Center Bruce Johnson, Ph.D. New Orleans, Louisiana Research Scientist New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services New York City v I 6' INTRODUCTION The drug abuse field consists of an amalgam of medical i social, and psychological disciplines. This, in turn, reflects upon its terminology, which ranges from colorful slan'g to advanced bio­ medical nomenclature. The breadth of drug abuse terms is thus vast and varied--from 4-letter slang to 10-syllable chemicals and from conceptualizations based on street-wise hip to those taken from advanced molecular biomedicine. For example, a SOCiologist in the drug- field may be found observing a street dude who is taking care of business hussling bags of China White so he can cop some real good snow; an epidemiologist may be concerned about the balloon effect likely to occur with implementation of a supply reduction strategy; a doctor may prescribe nepenthes, soporifics, or ergogenics to help patients cope; and a biochemist may "be interested in studying ,the dose-response relationship of cholinergic agents on the parasympathetic nervous system. A vast array of drug users, dealers, clinicians, researchers, teachers, U.<:orists, politicians, and others related to the drug abuse field have produced a large lexicon of terms that vary from the simple, but often clever, to the ultracomplex. Many drug terms are ambiguous, especially slang, and their meanings may vary over time (e.g., blues, black beauties, white stuff, kif, narcotic). Other terms may be deadly concise but are often confUSing to lay readers and professionals alike (e.g., endorphin/enkephalin, agonist/antag-. onist, analgesic/anesthetic, congenerlligand). There frequently are slang and scientific terms for the same concept (e.g., to insufflate/to blow, to inject/to shoot up, diacetylmorphine hydro­ chloride/horse, smack, or junk). Some terms have exotic sounding names (e.g., sinsemilla, khat, etonitazene), and others though widely used are grossly imprecise (e.g., high, addiction, toler­ ance, drug abuse, treatment). Explosive discoveries in the field are producing new and rapidly evolving terms, many of which are not currently defined in dictionaries or other standard reference works. These terms are defined only in the research literature where they are being discussed and debated. Examples of this type. include the constantly expanding list of newly identified endogenous agonists, the newer urinalysis screening techniques, and the newer approaches to treatment. This Guide to Drug Abuse Research Terminology attempts to bring a major segment of the myriad assortment of terms found in the drug abuse field under one cover and to present in glossary form definitions of many of the drug abuse terms that have to date been described only in the research literature. It has been designed and written to serve as a convenient guide for those requiring brief, nontechnical explanations of drug abuse terms.