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19690008397.Pdf SD 68-850-2 A STUDY OF AN EXTENDED LUNAR ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS (ELOR) MISSION C 0 NTRA CT NAS 2-494 2 FINAL REPORT VOLUME I I SUPPLEMENTAL DATA January 1969 b Prepared by Roy B. Carpenter, Jr. Study Manager, ELOR SPACE DIVISION NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION FORE WORD This is Volume I1 of a three-volume report recording the results of a study of the application of data derived under a study of Space-Mission Duration-Extension Problems to an Extended Lunar Orbital Rendezvous Mission, hereafter referred to as ELOR. The three volumes of this report are: Volume I Technical SD 68-850-1 Volume I1 Supplemental Data SD 68-850-2 Volume 111 Summary of Results SD 68-850-3 This volume presents some of the supplemental data generated through- out the study period, particularly by the subcontractors. It is presented because of its direct bearing on the study findings and serves to establish the validity of the results. The study was conducted under Contract NAS2-4942 for the Mission Analysis Division of the Office of Advance Research and Technology (OART), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California. The work was performed under the direction of Roy B. Carpenter, Jr., Study Manager. Substantial contributions were made to this study by the following subcontractors and personnel thereof who provided the data at no cost, either for this study or the former baseline study. A. C. Electronics A1 Lobinstine Aerojet General:: C. Teague Air Research Division of Garrett Corporation Joe Riley Allis Chalmers::: John Hallenbeck Allison Division of General Motors Corporation J. C. Schmid Bell Aerospace Systems* T. P. Glynn Collins Radio R. Albinger *Data supplied for baseline study SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION Dalmo Victor Corporation* R. L. Straley Eagle Pitcher Corporation Jeff Willson General Time Corporation:: Fred Schultz Grumman Aircraft Corporation*::: Hart Wagoner Hamilton Standard Division of UAC R. Gregorie Honeywell Corporation Jerry Mullarky ITT Industrial Products R. L. Weir Marquardt Corporation:: J. B. Gibbs Motorola Corporation Bill Crook Northrop-Ventura T. Kanacke Pratt and Whitney Division of UAC Jay Steadman Raytheon Manufacturing Company H. A. Prindle RCA/ASD, DCS, and DEP (Camden and J. Heavey, S. Holt Bur ling ton) Radiation Inc. Wally Adam Simmonds Precision Productions W. E. Nelson Westinghous e Corporation C. W. Chandler The study was based on data deribed from the baseline study, a com- pany funded effort documented under NASA Contract NAS2-4214, and the mission systems design derived by the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (LMSC) under Contract NAS8-21006. *Data supplied for baseline study CDStudy funded under NAS9-6608 - iv - SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION CONTENTS Appendixes Page A. RECOMMENDED CM-ECS OPERATIONAL PRO- CEDURE FOR THE ELOR MISSIONS. 1 B. INERTIAL INSTRUMENT (IMU) TEMPERATURE CONSIDERATIONS, P/O G&N SYSTEM, CSMAND LM . ‘5 C. CSM S-BAND OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS FOR THE EXTENDED LUNAR ORBIT MISSIONS . 7 D. PHASE LOCK RECEIVER ACQUISITION DURING CSM UNATTENDED LUNAR ORBIT . 9 E. CIRCUIT QUALITY EVALUATION, CSM TO MSFN DATA LINK, LUNAR ORBITING CSM FOR ELOR MISSION . 13 F. CIRCUIT QUALITY ESTIMATES FOR THE CSM TO LUNAR SURFACE DATA LINK 15 G. CIRCUIT QUALITY ESTIMATES, MSFN TO CSM, REMOTE CONTROL LINK 19 H. CIRCUIT QUALITY ESTIMATES, LUNAR SURFACE TO ORBITING CSM, REMOTE CONTROL LINK . 21 I. CM COMMUNICATIONS AND DATA SUBSYSTEM MODIFICATIONS AND NEW SYSTEM DESCRIP- TION, ELOR MISSION . 25 J. MEASUREMENTS LIST FOR THE APOLLO BLOCK I1 SPACECRAFT AS APPLICABLE TO ELOR 37 K. PROPOSED ALLIS CHALMERS CSM FUEL CELL POWER PLANT FOR EXTENDED LUNAR ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS MISSIONS . 45 L. FUELCELL SYSTEM FAILURE RATE ESTIMATES . 59 M. CSM METEOROID FAILURE CRITERIA . 61 N. THE SNAP-27 RADIOISOTOPE THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR (RTG) FOR ELOR MISSION APPLICATIONS . 65 0. P&W FUEL CELL SYSTEM FOR THE QUIESCENT LM . 89 P. ALLIS CHALMERS FUEL CELL SYSTEMS FOR THE QUIESCENT LM . 93 -v- SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION Appendixes Page Q. LM - ECS POWER AND WEIGHT SUMMARY, AS MODIFIED FOR ELOR (3 -MAN) * 99 R. LM - ECS STORAGE AND REACTIVATION PROCEDURE . 103 S. DETAILED LM VEHICLE ELOR TIME LINE . 107 T. SUMMARY OF INFORMATION BANDWIDTH AND C OMMU NIC AT1ONS REQUIREMENTS , ELOR LM. 109 U. LM COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY AND DUTY CYCLE . 113 V. SPARES REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS FOR THE LM COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM . 119 W. DETAILS OF CM EARTH-LANDING SYSTEM (ELS) ANALYSIS FOR ELOR MISSIONS. 125 X. EMERGENCY CM FUEL CELL COOLING THROUGH WATER SUBLIMATION. 145 Y. IMPROVED CM COMMAND DEMODULATOR DECODER AND LUNAR SURFACE TO CSM COMMAND LINK . * 149 Z. ADDITIONAL DATA, P&W FUEL CELL FOR THE ELORCSM . 155 - vi - SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page I- 1 Modified USBE for ELOR . 26 1-2 Block Diagram of Status Monitor 29 I- 3 Block Diagram of Command Demodulator and Decoder . 32 1-4 Idealized Waveform of Small Portion of a Message Transmission 33 K- 1 Fuel Cell Power Plant Schematic 51 K-2 Voltage Versus Gross Power . 53 N- 1 Generator Assembly Configuration . 66 N-2 Graphite LEM Fuel Cask . 67 N- 3 SNAP-27 RTG System Performance . 73 N-4 SNAP-27 RTG System Geometry 74 N-5 Heat Into Boiler as a Function of Blockage . 77 N-6 Boiler Configuration and Blockage Definition . 78 N-7 Fin- Weight Penalty for Vertical Generator as a Function of Blockage . 79 N-8 Fin- Weight Penalty for Horizontal Generator as a Function of Blockage . 80 N-9 Electrical Power Generating Assembly Mounting Approaches, LM Vehicle . 82 N-10 Typical SNAP- 27 Performance Char acte ristic s (Calculated) for Lunar Day and Maximum Fuel Load . 84 0- 1 Interface Voltage for LM Fuel Cell System . 92 0-2 Nominal Reactant Consumption for LM Fuel Cell System . 92 0-3 Heat Rejection to Radiator for LM Fuel Cell System . 92 P- 1 Radiation-Cooled Fuel Cell Module . 94 P-2 Output Characteristics of Radiation-Cooled Module . 95 P-3 Fuel Cell Module Subsystem Functional Schematic . 96 P-4 Fuel Cell Stack Dimensions . 97 P-5 Reactant Consumption for Orbital Fuel Cell Module No. 1, 28 Cells . 98 w- 1 Reliability Math Model of Extended Mission Apollo ELS Parachute Subsystem . 139 w-2 Potential Pyrotechnic Failure . 141 w- 3 Potential Parachute Failure. 143 x-1 Powerplant System Schematic for CSM ELOM Application, Sublimator Added to Supplement Radiation . 146 SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION Figure Page x-2 Sublimator Requirements for CSM ELOM Application 147 Y-1 Block Diagram of Redundant Command Demodulator - Decoder. 150 Y-2 Reliability Logic Diagram of Improved Lunar Surface LM-to-CSM Command Link . 152 2-1 Voltage Characteristic for CSM ELOM Application 156 2-2 Hydrogen Consumption for CSM ELOM Application 157 2-3 PC8A-2 Short-circuit Tests 158 2-4 Fuel-Cell Spike Load Test . 158 2-5 Fuel-Cell and Battery Parallel Operation. 158 - viii - SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION TABLES Table Page D- 1 ELOR S- Band Acquisition Procedure for Up-Link Commands . 11 E- 1 CSM to MSFN SME Data Link . 14 F- 1 Circuit Quality Chart for CSM to Lunar Surface/LM SME Data Link . 16 G- 1 MSFN to CSM Remote Control Link . 20 H- 1 Circuit Quality Chart for Lunar Surface- to-CSM Remote Control Link . 22 K- 1 DVT Fuel Cell System Elements Revised per ELOR Requirements . 46 L- 1 Fuel Cell System Failure Rate Estimate . 59 N- 1 SNAP-27 ALSEP Power Supply and Performance Characteristics . 68 N- 2 SNAP-27 Nuclear Radiation Characteristics , . 86 0- 1 Estimated System Weight . 91 0-2 LM Dormant Stay Load Profile. 91 Q- 1 Air Regeneration Subsystems . 99 Q- 2 Heat Transfer Subsystem . 100 Q- 3 Oxygen Supply System . 100 Q-4 Water Management Subsystem . 101 R- 1 Storage-Mode Monitoring Requirements . 104 s- 1 LM Manned Phase Operations, ELOR Mission . 107 T-1 Summary of Bandwidth and Communication Range Requirements, ELOR LM . 109 u- 1 LM CSS Component Utilization per Communications Links -Alternative A . 115 u-2 LM CSS Component Utilization- Alternative B . 117 u- 3 LM CSS Component Utilization- Alternative C . 118 v- 1 Probability of Loss of LM Capability During Lunar Stay . * 121 w-1 Continuous Service Temperature . 126 w-2 Shelf Life of Pyrotechnics . 128 w-3 Vacuum Stability of Plastics and Elastomers Used in Apollo Landing System . 132 w-4 Effects of Vacuum Exposure of Textiles. 133 - ix - SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION 'OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The following list contains abbreviations and acronyms used in the Appendixes presented in this volume. These are presented in alphabetical order for easy reference. AID Analog to digital AGC Automatic gain control ALSEP Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package bPS Bits per second C&D Communications and data CDD Command demodulator-decoder CDU Coupling data unit CM Command module CMC Command module control C/N Carrier to noise ratio CNR Carrier to noise ratio CSM Command-service modules css Communications and status system D/A Digital to analog DAC Direct and alternating current dbm Decibels below 1 milliwatt DRG Digital ranging generator DSIF Deep Space Instrumentation Facility ECS Environmental control system EKG Electrocardiogram ELOR Extended Lunar Orbit Rendezvous E LS Earth landing system EMCA Electrical monitoring and control assembly EMU Extravehicular mobility unit E/No. Energy to noise power spectral density ratio EPS Electrical power system EVC Extravehicular c ommuni c a tion s y s tem FC Fuel cell FDAI Flight director attitude indicator FSK Frequency shift keying - xi - SD 68-850-2 SPACE DIVISION OF NORTH AMERICAN ROCKWELL CORPORATION G&N Guidance and navigation system GLFC Graphite lunar fuel capsule HS Hea t s hi e Id HX Heat exchanger Hz Hertz (cycle per second) IF Intermediate frequency IG Inertial guidance IGA Inner gimbal angle IMU Inertial measurement unit IRIG Inertial rate integrating gyro ISS Inertial subs y s tem LM Lunar module LMSC Lockheed Missiles and Space CO.
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