Case Study of Mumbai
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Rethinking Parking in Indian Cities: Case Study of Mumbai UMI 2013- 5th Dec 2013 Sulakshana Mahajan Consultant- Mumbai Transformation & Support Unit (MTSU) Pawan Mulukutla, MS MTSU & Project Manager - EMBARQ India ([email protected] ) Global Urbanization- 2010 Source: UNFPA MTSU & Global Urbanization- 2050 Source: UNICEF (52 %) MTSU & Global Land Transport Infrastructure Requirements- 2050 Source: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,34742,en.html Alternative Transport infrastructure requirements, CO2eq Impact on Scenarios expenditure and investments emissions Climate Million Ton Emphasis on 25 million paved road lane km Private 335K rail track km Transport 45-77K km2 Parking 40 C rise 250-350K km2 area 9,971 USD 45 trillion investment (0.7% Global GDP) USD 120 trillion expenditures (2% Global GDP) Emphasis on 15 million paved road lane km Public Transport 535 K rail track km, +90 K HSR AVOID- SHIFT- +25 K BRT (10 times) 3,595 IMPROVE 20 C rise 27K km2 Parking [36%] [23% less veh- USD 100 trillion expenditures (1.6% Global GDP, km] 20 trillion savings) Parking Requirements India - 4DS • 40 % addition will be from India and China • About size of 11-35 Mumbai’s in India for Parking only MTSU & Source: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,34742,en.html Parking Requirements India - 2DS • About size of 7 - 23 Mumbai’s in India for Parking only MTSU & Source: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/name,34742,en.html Vicious Cycle Increasing Vehicle Ownership Automobile Suburbanization and Oriented Transport Long Commutes Planning Quality issue with Socio- public transport political/Socio- economic Automobile Oriented mindset Decreased Generous Dependency on Parking Supply Public Transport Automobile Oriented Land Use Planning Alternative Modes MTSU & Marginalised (Walking/ NMT) Source:VTPI Current Approach. Ineffective management of on-street parking Provide enough supply to cater the demand Multi-level car parking FSI incentive to developers to build parking lots Automobile oriented planning MTSU & Our Streets Today . MTSU & Photo Credit: Google Images Photo Credit: EMBARQ India Photo Credit: EMBARQ India Photo Credit: Google Images Our urban form today . MTSU & One India Bulls, Elphinstone Station Area Walking along high compound walls X Photo Credit: EMBARQ India One Avighna Park, Curry Road Station Area Residential rehabilitation component abutting tall parking lots, Girgaum, Charni Road Station Area X Parking-Street Interfaces: Up to 20 storeys of parking! Photo Credit: EMBARQ India Is this the future of Indian Cities ? Photo Credit: Google Images Mindset for addressing Parking Improve pedestrian/ Address traffic NMT congestion accessibility Address it only Priority to Livable and when parking public Safe urban causes congestion transport forms Need to Access to open manage spaces parking MTSU & Existing Institutional Set-up Mumbai On-Street Parking Off-Street Parking Public Parking lots- Parking provisions Surface/Building in buildings Enforcement Municipal Corporation City Traffic Police T& C Department DCRs- MCGM, SPA MTSU & Local Area Approach needed for Parking Local Stakeholders Strategies, Policies & Implementation Municipal Traffic Police Corporation Department MTSU & Methodology Objective of Parking Policy/Man- agement Data Testing & Collection Evaluation & Analysis Implementation Strategies Policy MTSU & Framing Case Study MIDC Marol- On-Street MTSU & Opportunity: MIDC Marol in Mumbai MIDC Marol 128Ha Bandra Kurla Complex Planned for 370Ha Lower Parel Fort Nariman Point 28Ha~ Opportunity: Location Road Network ANDHERI STATION 1km 2km CHAKALA 3km STATION INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT GHATKOPAR STATION Surveys: Approximately 46% travel by public transport; 28% by BEST “We are forced to walk on the roads” “Bus parking is not regulated” Scenario: 2012 Pedestrian Level of Service: E & F Vehicular Level of Service: F IRC 103: Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities recommends: B Impact of the metro 3607 60 (2031) 2703 45 (2021) 2077 35 P/MIN (2011) 183 5958 9476 1592 4 1891 1502 4 365 9756 27960 21755 185 1670 7415 15565 15240 14610 14615 12905 12390 12390 12225 VERSOVA DN AZAD ANDHERI WEH CHAKALA AIPORT MAROL SAKI NAKA SUBHASH ASALPHA GHATKOPAR NAGAR NAGAR ROAD NAKA NAGAR 150 2025 6480 12210 12155 11860 11860 10440 10120 10115 9755 20050 26745 152 4670 7059 1858 0 2191 2010 0 168 12223 40 P/MIN 2415 52 3145 70 4197 Methodology Objective of Parking Policy/Man- agement Data Testing & Collection Evaluation & Analysis Implementation Strategies MTSU & Policy Framing Objective of Parking Policy Improve pedestrian/ Address traffic NMT congestion accessibility Priority to Livable and public Safe urban transport forms Need to Access to open manage spaces parking MTSU & Workshop with Additional Municipal Commissioner (Mumbai) on Parking Field visit of MIDC Marol with Joint Commissioner of Police- Traffic, Mumbai Engagement with Local Stakeholders Data Analysis MTSU & Usage Summary Bus Parking Bus Parking Autos & 2W Parking No Parking Car Parking Taxi Stand & Car & 2W Parking Private Vehicles Parking 2W, Cars & Bus Parking Bus Parking Car Parking Car & Tempo Parking No Parking 2W, Car & Bus Parking Car & Tempo Parking Occupancy Summary Assumption: One lane in each direction is used for parking 20% 40% 80% 60% No Parking 100% 80% 80% 40% 90% No Parking 60% 100% Average Duration Summary >4 hrs 2-4 hrs < 2 hrs Street Priority Ranking 1 2 3 Street Prioritization Cross Road B- Transit Access Street Central Road- Arterial Corridor serves as pedestrian access for SEEPZ and MIDC Strategies Parking at BEST Depots Timings Pricing Engaging local stakeholders Institutional Set-up MTSU & Framework for Policy Cross Road B —As a critical transit access street “ No Parking” anytime of the day —Buses to be parked in BEST-Majas/Marol Depot —Traffic wardens to be employed for at least one year after Metro-1 commencement —Parking violation to be very high MTSU & Framework for Policy Central Road — Incremental approach “ parking at identified locations” — Buses to be parked in Majas/Marol Depot — Provisions for auto-stand (NB direction) and taxi-stand (SB direction) as part of the parking policy — Traffic wardens to be employed for at least one year after Metro-1 commencement — Parking violation to be very high MTSU & Framework for Policy Accommodate all buses parked along Central Road and Cross Road B at Marol and Majas BEST depots. Buses to be parked only at BEST depot between 8am-8pm Pricing (BEST) – Rs 100+ Service tax (12 hour period) – Rs 2500+ Service tax (12 hour period- monthly basis) MTSU & Institutional Set-up MCGM to formulate policy with inputs from MMIA (local stakeholder) Private contractor (through MCGM) with technology for collecting parking charges Enforcement by traffic police Support from traffic warden for at least one year after Metro-1 commencement % of parking revenue to be used for local improvement projects identified by MMIA MTSU & Case Study: Ghatkopar TOD (Off- Street) MTSU & Opportunity: Ghatkopar TOD Ghatkopar Bandra Kurla Complex Planned for 370Ha Lower Parel Fort Nariman Point 28Ha~ Location Road Network ANDHERI STATION CHAKALA STATION INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT GHATKOPAR STATION MTSU & Ghatkopar Station Area: Intermodal Connectivity Ghatkopar Railway station located along the suburban railway- CENTRAL LINE Stop for FAST TRAINS Last Stop for METRO LINE 1 INTERMODAL CONNECTION Projected 30,550 Ghatkopar People per hour using Station the METRO by 2031 MTSU & Rethinking Parking for Transit Oriented Development Precincts in Mumbai Pilot Case at Ghatkopar Railway Station MTSU & Delineating the TOD Influence Zone area Distances and time of walk trips and cycling trips are very high for Mumbai Average walking distance per day has been recorded as .91km and average cycling distance as 2.7km in Mumbai [1] Normative delineations for TOD precinct: 1. First 500m: Pedestrian Priority Zone 2. 1000m: IPT and feeder bus service priority zone Walking Priority zone IPT/ Feeder bus Priority zone MTSU & [1] Rajat Rastogi, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India Delineation Zones for Analysis Ghatkopar Station MTSU & Methodology Estimate current parking supply and demand (on-street and off-street) Estimate auto-ownership from household survey Project future demand and supply ( FSI consumption in future, automobile ownership and road capacity) Calculate % reduction in parking Inputs into DCRs for establishing parking norms Establish parking related urban form guidelines in TOD MTSU & Data collection Passenger counts at station entry/exits; Traffic survey and pedestrian counts at mid-blocks and junctions; Origin-Destination at platforms on railway station; Origin-Destination survey within 1 kilometre radius around station area (collected at bus stops, auto stands, and key housing and commercial neighbourhoods); On-street parking survey to gauge demand for parking within 4-blocks delineated within the TOD precinct; Household survey to gauge vehicle ownership, mode shares based on income and off-street parking availability and usage for 4-blocks within the delineated TOD precincts; Land survey mapping building heights, mixed land-uses, and ownership data for 4-blocks within the delineated TOD precinct. MTSU & least During the morning and eveningpeaks, 1000 No.2000 of3000 Passengers4000 5000 6000 7000 0 4000 8.00 to 8.15 8.30 to 8.45 - 6000 everypeople 15min 9.00 to 9.15 9.30 to 9.45 10.00 to 10.15 Passenger Counts