State of Environment Punjab-2007
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
State of Environment Punjab-2007 Report by Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, Chandigarh (State Host Institute) In collaboration with The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi (National Host Institute) Sponsored by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India Prepared by Punjab State Council for Science & Technology MGSIPA Complex, Sector 26, Chandigarh-160019 Tel: 0172- 2792325, 2793300, 2793600 Fax: 0172 -2793143 Authors N.S. Tiwana, Neelima Jerath, S.S. Ladhar, Gurharminder Singh, Rajesh Paul Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, Chandigarh & D.K. Dua and H.K. Parwana Punjab Pollution Control Board, Patiala Expert Consultants – G.S. Kalkat & P.S. Rangi, Punjab State Farmers Commission, Mohali – P.K. Sharma, Rajiv Chopra, V.K. Verma, and Anil Sood, Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana – Sunil Pandey & Harpreet Kandra, The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi Cover design & photo credits Charan Kamal Singh, ENVIS Centre, PSCST Citation Tiwana, N.S; Jerath, N; Ladhar, S.S; Singh, G; Paul, R; Dua, D.K and Parwana, H.K; (2007). State of Environment; Punjab-2007, Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, pp 243. ISBN: 81-88362-19-0 © PSCST, 2007 Any part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, provided that the same is duly cited. This publication is also available at www.punenvis.nic.in & www.punjabenvironment.com Foreword Human well being is intricately linked with the well being of the environment. However, over the years, increased pressure on environment and natural resources has led to environmental damage, thus reducing the benefits of development. We need to understand that ‘development’, ‘progress’ and ‘quality of life’ are compatible only when nature’s life support systems are protected and conserved and the actions of the present do not jeopardize progress in future. Hence, the words ‘ecology’, ‘environment’, ‘economy’ and ‘sensitization’ of citizen on sustainability have assumed critical importance. Recent years have seen an increasing awareness of these issues. Various movements by citizen groups for conservation of ecosystems and restoration of natural balance are not just idealistic. Rather, they plead for adoption of saner and more practical measures to promote development which is sustainable in the long run. This includes thoughtful & thrifty use of resources, greater care in planning, adoption of less wasteful technologies, careful siting of projects and eco-friendly life styles and working methods. However, policy makers, administrators and implementers of projects need scientifically validated and collated data to be able to take such decisions. I hope the present report will act as an enabling tool in this direction and will empower our citizen with information about the health of their immediate environment to motivate them to take positive actions. Bikram Singh Majithia Minister Science, Technology & Environment Government of Punjab Acknowledgements Contributions of the following is gratefully acknowledged: • Er. Brinderjit Singh, Member Secretary, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Patiala. • Dr. P.K.Sharma, Director, Mr. Rajiv Chopra, Scientist- F and Dr. V.K.Verma, Scientist-F, Dr. Anil Sood, Scientist-E, Dr. D.C. Loshali, Scientist-E, Dr. Meenakshi, Scientist-E & P.K.Litoria, Scientist-D, Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana. • Er. K.S. Takshi, Director, Er. H.D. Singh, XEN, Directorate of Water Resources, Department of Irrigation, Government of Punjab. • Dr. G.S. Gill, Joint Director, Er. S.K.Tandon, Geologist/Hydrologist, Er. Kanwaljit Singh, Geologist/Hydrologist, Department of Agriculture, Government of Punjab. • Dr. S.L Mahajan, Assistant Director, Punjab Health Systems Corporation. • Sh. Jaspal Singh Kapil, Research Officer, Economic & Statistical Organization, Government of Punjab. • Sh. A.K.Sondhi, Conservator of Soils, Department of Soil & Water Conservation,Government of Punjab. • Dr. G.S. Kalkat, Chairman & Dr. P. S. Rangi, Consultant, Punjab State Farmers Commission. • Dr. P.K. Bansal, Assistant Director & Dr. H.S. Gill, Deputy Director, Directorate of Animal Husbandry, Government of Punjab. • Dr. G.S. Hira, Additional Director of Research (Agriculture), Dr. M.S. Brar, Senior Soil Chemist & Dr. Hargopal Singh, Professor,Department of Soils, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. • Dr. Baldev Singh, Joint Director, Department of Horticulture, Government of Punjab. • Sh. Rajnish Kalra, Additional Project Director and Sh. Harbhajan Singh, Coordinator, State Urban Development Authority. • Sh. V.N. Mathur, Chief Coordinator, Department of Industry & Commerce, Government of Punjab. • Dr. Sita Ram Garg, Assistant Director, Department of Health, Government of Punjab. • Dr. Manju Dubey, Nodal Officer, Punjab Medicinal Plants Board. • Sh. Balaur Singh, Joint Director & Sh. M.P. Singh, Punjab Energy Development Agency. • Sh. Jagtar Singh, Punjab Agro Industries Corporation. • Sh. Gurvinderpal Singh Randhawa, Horticulture & Land Scaping Officer, Punjab Mandi Board. • Separate mention must be made of Dr. Suneel Pandey & Sh Harpreet Kandra, Associate Fellow, The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), for critical review, guidance & monitoring of the project. • The authors also thank Er. M.S. Jaggi, Aditional Director, CC, Er. Pardeep Garg, Process Engineer, CC, Er. S.M. Ahuja, Process Engineer, CC, Dr. S.K Saxena, Senior Scientific Officer, Ms. Ravleen & Mr. Charan Kamal Singh, Project Associates, ENVIS Centre & other officers and staff of PSCST for help provided in compiling & Ms. Sushma Sharma & Ms. Parveen Lata for typing the report. Authors iv Preface The Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India’s effort to bring out Status of Environment Reports (SoEs) of all states & U.Ts of the Country on a regular basis, is aimed at helping people understand problems of their immediate environment & promoting their participation in its protection. It recognizes the potential of people as a limitless resource to improve their environment for their own betterment by understanding the delicate linkages between ecology and economy. The Punjab State Council for Science & Technology has been identified as the State Host Institute (SHI) for SoE Punjab with The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, as the National Host Institute (NHI). The SoE-2005 attempted to present an indepth analysis of three issues of environment viz. air, water & biodiversity, and their inter linkages. The second report in the series, SoE-2007, focuses on four major issues viz. Agriculture & Environment, Municipal Solid Waste, Hazardous Waste & Bio- Medical Waste Management. It tries to highlight the driving forces which affect the environment, the pressures exerted, the current status and impact and remedial action taken by government, institutions & people at large. It is hoped that the present report, as the previous one, will be received with equal enthusiasm by all sections of society and will help to spur action at both, government and people’s level by providing an information base for improved decision making. Authors Table of Contents Foreword:......................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements: ........................................................................................................................ iv Preface: ............................................................................................................................................. v List of Tables: ................................................................................................................................ viii List of Figures: ................................................................................................................................ xi List of Maps:.................................................................................................................................. xiv List of Boxes: .................................................................................................................................. xv List of Annexures: ......................................................................................................................... xvi Abbreviations: .............................................................................................................................. xvii Executive Summary: ...................................................................................................................... xxi Chapter 1: Introduction: ..................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Agriculture & Environment: .......................................................................................... 37 Chapter 3: Municipal Solid Waste: ................................................................................................ 167 Chapter 4: Hazardous Waste: ....................................................................................................... 199 Chapter 5: Bio-Medical Waste: ..................................................................................................... 133 List of Tables 1.1 Coverage of population with water supply and sewerage ............................................................. 6 1.2 Comparison of various landforms in Punjab (1987 & 2004) ...........................................................