Index

A poverty and social inequality, 198 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI), 192 psychological experiences and Academic training, LA problems, 205 data collection, 128 psychologists’ conceptualisation, 206 foreign psychology model, 127 psychology, 198 humanistic psychology, 126, 127 psychotherapies and interventions, 199 peripheral science, 127 socio-political status, 197 Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), traditional indigenous healing 48, 151, 152, 229 practices, 198 Acute stress disorder, 14 training programs Affordable Care Act (ACA), 79, 80 Central Africa, 204 Africa East Africa, 203–204 AFFIRM, PRIME and EMERALD expensive limited resources, 202 projects, 199 life-threatening epidemics, 202 auditory verbal hallucinations, 205 North Africa, 202–203 behaviour therapy and integrative psychotherapeutic interventions, 201 methods, 199 Southern Africa, 204–205 biomedical approach, 206 West Africa, 203 career guidance and school-based American Psychiatric Association (APA), 3, counselling, 198 107, 123 countries and populations, 197 Analytical psychology, 54 credibility gap, 206 Anxiety Disorders, 9 cultures psychotic phenomena, 205 APAC. See Australian Psychology disability, 198 Accreditation Council DSM-5 and ICD-10, 205, 206 (APAC) epidemiology, 199–200 (see also Global APS. See Australian Psychological Society mental health context) (APS) health epidemics, 197 Argentina, 131, 132 health sciences and arts/humanities, 198 ASPPB Code of Conduct, 245 LMI and LI, 198 Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and mental health policies, 200–201 Internship Centers (APPIC), 72 mental health resources, 201 Association of States and Provincial mental health scholars, 205 Psychology Boards (ASPPB), 245 Nigeria, ethnic groups and indegenous ATSI. See Aboriginal and Torres Strait languages, 197 Islander (ATSI)

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 259 S.G. Hofmann (ed.), International Perspectives on Psychotherapy, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56194-3 260 Index

Australia Bipolar disorder, 9 accreditation standards, 190 Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), 13 AHPRA and NRAS, 191 Bologna training system, 115 Australian qualifications framework, 191 Borderline personality disorder (BPD), 207 CBT models, 190 Boulder model, 71 doctoral level qualification, 190 Brazil, 133, 134 focused psychological strategies, 187 government funded psychology services, 185 government insurance, 185 C health policy development, 193 CAMH. See Chinese Association for Mental mental health service delivery, 190 Health (CAMH) non-university higher education Canadian code of ethics for psychologists, providers, 191 252, 253 post war waves of migration, 185 Canadian Psychological Association (CPA), 73 postgraduate training, 186 CAS. See Chinese Academy of Sciences professional practice, emergence of, 186 (CAS) professional registration, 186 CCPRS. See Clinical and counseling PsyBA, 193 psychology registration system public health settings, 193 (CCPRS) regulatory environment Chile, 132 accreditation, 189–190 Chinese academy of sciences (CAS), 161 Australian health professionals, 187 Chinese analytical psychology, 166 National Law, 187 Chinese Association for Mental Health PsyBA, 187 (CAMH), 161, 173, 176 registration standards, 187–189 Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria scientist-practitioner model, 190 of Mental Disorders (CCMD), specific training, 186 173–174 two-tiered fee-for service model, 186 Chinese Mental Health Act, 162, 170, 178 urban coastal fringe and sparsely populated Chinese Ministry of Labor (CML), 162 rural and remote communities, 185 Chinese Psychiatry Association (CPA), 176 workforce, 192–193 Chinese Psychological Society (CPS), 161, 176 Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Client-centered therapy, 91 Agency, 187 Clinical and Australian Psychological Society (APS), registration system (CCPRS), 162 189, 252 Clinical assessments Australian Psychology Accreditation Council diagnostic assessment, 149 (APAC), 190 intelligence/neuropsychological Austria assessments, 148 clinical practice, 97, 98 personality assessments, 148 education and training, 96–98 tools, 148 hypnosis, 92 Clinical neuroscience, 101 hysteria, 92 Clinical psychology law regulation, 93 ACA, 80 SORC-model, 93 ACA and MHPAEA, 79, 80 talking cure, 92 (see also Australia) Viennese Psychology, 92, 93 Canada, 78, 80, 81 Wednesday Psychological Society, 92 comorbid psychiatric condition, 80 Austrian Psychological Association, 93 DACH-countries, 88 definition, 107, 159 EBP, 76 B ethics and legal issues, 76, 77 Bahrain, 222 history, 70, 88, 89 Behavioral Therapy, 91, 123, 166 in mainland China (see Mainland China) Better Access scheme, 192 professional roles and settings, 73–75 Index 261

RDoC, 78 desensitization, 39 regulation, 73 extinction, 39 scientist-practitioner programs, 78 shaping, 39 society and practice, 102 vicarious conditioning, 39 theoretical orientations, 75 problem-solving, 46 training psycho-education, 42 APPIC, 72 psychopathology/maladaptive behavior, 42 boulder model, 71 relaxation, 46 CPA, 73 three-component model, 43 guidelines, 70 Cognitive insight therapy, 166 PCSAS, 71 Cognitive restructuring, 43 practitioner-scholar model, 71 College instructors, 168 PsyD and PhD, 72 Colombia, 129, 130 scientist-practitioner model, 72 Communication/ strategic therapy, 58 United States, 78, 80 , 208 CML. See Chinese Ministry of Labor Conduct disorder, 23 (CML) Contemporary CBT Code of ethics ACT, 48 APA, 244, 253 DBT, 49 EFPA, 241 mindfulness, 47, 48 ethical principle, 242 support and critics, 49, 50 international development Contingency management, 45 IAMFC, 247 Counselling, 112 ISCP, 247 CPA. See Chinese Psychiatry Association ISPA, 246 (CPA) ISSP, 246 CPS. See Chinese Psychological Society national codes, 244, 253 (CPS) Nuremberg Code, 244 Cultural formulation interview (CFI), 8 professional ethics, 242, 243 “Culture-sensitive” model, 251 regional development, 246 Cyclothymia, 10 ASPPB Code of Conduct, 245 Czech Republic, 114 ethical principles, 245 meta-code, 245 universal declaration (see Universalism) D universalist approach, 243 DBT. See Dialectical behavior therapy Codes of conduct, 244 (DBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Deontology, 242 behavioral assessment, 40 Depression, 3, 8 behavioral experiments and exposure, Desensitization, 39 44, 45 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental cognitive influence Disorders (DSM), 174 behaviorism, 40 DSM-I, 3 depression, 41 DSM-II, 4 cognitive restructuring, 43 DSM-III, 4 cognitive specificity hypothesis, 41 DSM-IV, 4 contingency management, 45 DSM-5, 4, 5 DSM diagnoses, 41 Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), 49, emotional Stroop task, 41 151–152 homework practice, 46, 47 Disinhibited social engagement disorder, 14 Korea, 152 Disruptive behavior disorders, 23 learning principles Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder behavior changes, 39 (DMDD), 9, 10 conditioned emotional reaction, 38–39 Dissociative disorders, 14 conditioning and associative, 38 Dominican Republic, 130 262 Index

DSM-5 Gender identity disorder, 22, 23 categorical vs. dimensional classification, 5 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 10 diagnoses, 5 German Society for Experimental GAF, 4 Psychology, 90 ICD-11, 6 Germany behavioral therapy, 91 classification systems, 91 E clinical practice, 96 EAP. See Employee Assistance Program (EAP) education and training, 95, 96 Eastern Europe experimental psychology, 90 APA, 107 German Psychological Society, 90 Czech Republic, 114 laws regulation, 95 Hungary, 114 ‘pathopsychologie’, 90 insurance systems, 111 psychoanalytic therapy, 91 Latvia, 115 psychotherapeutic methods, 91 “the new man”, 108, 111 Global assessment of functioning (GAF) Poland, 111, 115 scale, 4 theory-driven style, 109 Global mental health context treatment, mental health issues, 112 BPD, 207 work settings (see Work settings) collectivism and community based EBP. See Evidence-based practices (EBP) therapies, 208 Education system, 170 community psychology, 208 Ego psychology, 54 explanatory models of mental illness, 207 Egypt, 222, 223 and professional roles, 209–210 Egyptian Journal of Psychology, 222 psychoanalysis and psychodynamic El Salvador, 132 derivatives, 208 eMental Health Programs, 100 psychological theory, 207 Emic approach, 6 psychological treatments and Employee Assistance Program (EAP), 153, 171 therapies, 207 Endorsed area of practice, 189, 192 separation and individuation, 207 Ethical principles, 242, 245 socio-cultural environments, 208 Ethics and legal issues, 76, 77 western psychotherapy models, 208 Etic approach, 6 Globalization, 125, 126 European Federation of Psychologists’ Gross National Income (GNI) per capita, 201 Associations (EFPA), 241 EuroPsy, 116 Evidence-based interventions, 199, 210 H Evidence-based practices (EBP), 76, 210 Hamilton rating scale for depression Experimental psychology, 90 (HRSD), 173 High income (HI) economies, 199 Hippocrates, 36 F Hoarding Disorder (HD), 13 Federal Council of Psychology (CFP), 134 Hotlinecounseling, 171 Federation of Swiss Psychologists, 94, 99 HRSD. See Hamilton rating scale for Feeding and eating disorders, 17, 18 depression (HRSD) Flooding, 45 Humanistic and existential psychological Free association, 52 therapy, 167 French psychology, 122 Humanistic and person-centered therapy Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, 2 quality of life, 55 real-and ideal self, 55, 56 self-actualization, 56 G support and critics, 57 Gaza Community Mental Health Program therapy techniques, 56–57 (GCHP), 230–231 Hungary, 114 Gender dysphoria, 22 Hysteria, 1 Index 263

I K IAAP. See International Association for Kims Frontal-Executive Intelligence Test Analytical Psychology (IAAP) (EXIT), 149 IBI. See Internet-based interventions (IBI) Korean Clinical Psychology Association Imagery conversing technique, 166 (KCPA), 139, 140 Individual psychology, 54, 92 Korean Psychological Association (KPA), 140 Information provision, 171 Korean Wechsler intelligence scale (KWIS), Insufficient professionals, 179 148 Intergenerational/Bowen family Kuwait, 227, 228 therapy, 58 Intermittent explosive disorder, 23 International Association for Analytical L Psychology (IAAP), 165 Latin America (LA) International Association of Marriage and academic training, 126, 127 Family Counselors (IAMFC), 247 Argentina, 123, 131, 132 International Classification of Diseases and Brazil, 122, 133, 134 Related Health Problems (ICD), Chile, 132 3, 5, 6 cognitive therapies, 124 International development Colombia, 129–130 IAMFC, 247 Dominican Republic, 130 ISCP, 247 El Salvador, 132–133 ISPA, 246 French, 122 ISSP, 246 globalization, 125, 126 International ethical behavioral standards, 242 Panama, 130 International Psychoanalytical Association Paraguay, 128, 129 (IPA), 165 psychology’s history, 121, 122 International School Psychology Association Uruguay, 130 (ISPA), 246, 252 Latvia, 115 International Society for Coaching Psychology Law for clinical psychologists and health (ISCP), 247 psychologists, 96 International Society of Law of Effect, 39 (ISSP), 246 Lebanese Psychological Association, 228 Internet-based interventions (IBI), 172 Lebanon, 228, 229 IPA. See International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) Iran, 223, 224 M Iraq, 224, 225 Mainland China Isolation and depression, 101 before 1949, 160–161 Israel challenges culture, 226 chaotic professional regulations, 180 services, 225 clinical assessment and research, 180 licensing process, 225 insufficient professionals, 179 professional counseling institute, 225 low quality of professional psychodynamic approach, 226 service, 179 psychologists population, 226 policies, 180 psychotherapy training program, 225 Chinese Mental Health Act, 178 religious belief, 226 diagnosis tools, 173–174 entrance criteria, 177 from 1949 to 1976, 161 J from 1977 to 2000, 162 Jerusalem Psychoanalytic Institute and from 2001 to today, 162–163 Society, 225 professors/experts, 160 Jordan, 227 psychological doctor, 160 Jordanian Psychological Association psychological testing, 173 (JPA), 227 regulations, 177–178 264 Index

Mainland China (cont.) Qatar, 231 research on religious belief, 226 methods, 174 Saudi Arabia, 231–232 target population, 176 Syria, 232 themes, 175 Turkey, 233, 234 therapeutic approaches, 175, 176 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 234 subject names, 159 Yemen, 235 tests/scales revision and development, 173 Middle East Psychological Association Major depressive disorder (MDD), 8 (MEPA), 228 Medical schools, 164 Military regimes and psychology, 124, 125 Mental disorder. See Psychopathology Mindfulness based stress reduction, 152 Mental health Mindfulness-based therapy (MBTs), 47, 48 anti-stigma programs, 221 Mood disorders, 8–10 awareness, 221–222 Moral therapy, 36 culture impact, 221 national insurance systems, 111 religion belief, 220, 221 N service fee (see Service fee) Network for psychotherapeutic care in service providers, 167–169 Europe, 114 social stigma, 220 Neurocognitive/organic disorders, 25, 26 stigma, 112 Neurodevelopmental disorders, 25, 28 treatment accessibility, 112 Neurotic disorders, 109 Mental health Global Action Programme Non-psychiatric doctors, 168, 169 (mhGAP), 200 Non-specialist health workers (NSHW), 209 Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act Normal/comprehensive universities, 163–164 (MHPAEA), 79 NSHW. See Non-specialist health workers Mental health policy and service guidance (NSHW) package, 200 Nuremberg Code of Ethics in Medical Meta-code of ethics, 245 Research, 243 Middle East Nuremberg war crime trials, 254 Bahrain, 222 Egypt, 222, 223 Iran, 223, 224 O Iraq, 224, 225 Object relation, 54 Israel Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 12, culture, 226 13, 221 educational psychology services, 225 Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, 12 licensing process, 225 Oman, 229 professional counseling institute, 225 Online therapy and training, 100 psychodynamic approach, 226 Online video counseling, 171 psychologists population, 226 Oppositional defiant disorder, 23 psychotherapy training program, 225 Jordan, 227 Kuwait, 227, 228 P Lebanon, 228, 229 Palestinian territories, 230, 231 mental health Panama, 130 anti-stigma programs, 221 Panic disorder, 11, 12 culture impact, 221 Paraguay, 128, 129 religion belief, 220, 221 Paraphilic/sexual preference disorders, 21 social stigma, 220 ‘Pathopsychologie’, 90 MEPA, 228 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Oman, 229 (PPACA), 79 Palestinian territories, 230, 231 Persistent depressive disorder, 10 psychologists population, 236 Personality disorders (PD), 24, 25, 27 Index 265

PHC. See Primary health care (PHC) doctors humanistic-existential psychological Poland, 115 trainings, 166 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 13, 14 IPA and IAAP, 165 Practitioner-Scholar model, 71 psychoanalytical and behavioral therapy, 165 Primary and community-based care model, 110 technique, 166 Primary health care (PHC) doctors, 201 western theories, 165 Private agencies and psychological hotlines, 171 Psychological counselors, 167 Private foreign hospitals, 171 Psychological therapists, 167 Problem-solving, 46 Psychology Board of Australia (PsyBA), Professional ethics, 243 187–189 Professional Ethics Committee, 177 Psychology under the communist regime, 109 Professional master students, 165 Psychopathology Professional standards, 246 acute stress disorder, 14 Professional training systems anxiety disorders, 9–12 discipline subordination, 163 behavioral and cognitive psychology, 2 master students, 165 classification, mental/behavioral in medical schools, 164 disorders, 2 normal/comprehensive universities, clinical assessment, 3 163–164 conduct disorder, 23 in social institutions, 164–165 cultural perspective Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR), 46 benefits, 7 PsyBA. See Psychology Board of Australia CFI, 8 (PsyBA) diagnostic assessment, 8 Psychiatric hospitals, 170 DSM, 6–7 Psychiatrists, 167 emic approach, 6 Psychoanalysis therapy etic approach, 6 analysis of dreams, 53 mental disorders, 7 analytic interpretation, 53 syndromes, 8 free association, 52 depression, 3 psychosexual stages, 52 disinhibited social engagement disorder, 14 structural model, 51 disruptive behavior disorder, 23 talk therapy, 50 dissociative disorders, 14 topographic model, 51 DSM (see Diagnostic and Statistical transference and countertransference, Manual of Mental Disorders 52, 53 (DSM)) Psychodynamic therapy feeding and eating disorders, 17, 18 analytical psychology, 54 GAD, 10 ego psychology, 54 gender dysphoria, 22 individual psychology, 54 gender identity disorder, 22, 23 object relation, 54 hysteria, 1 relational psychology, 54 ICD (see International Classification of self-psychology, 54 Diseases and Related Health short-term, 53 Problems (ICD)) support and critics, 54 intermittent explosive disorder, 23 Psycho-education, 42 mood disorders, 8–10 Psychological clinical science accreditation neurocognitive/organic disorders, 25–26 system, 71 neurodevelopmental disorders, 25, 28 Psychological clinic at hospitals, 170 OCD, 12, 13 Psychological counseling oppositional defiant disorder, 23 behavioral therapy, 166 panic disorder, 11, 12 CBT, 166 paraphilic/ sexual preference disorders, 21 CCPRS applicants, 167 personality disorders (PD), 24, 25, 27 cognitive insight therapy, 166 psychotic disorders, 26 family counselors/therapists, 166 PTSD, 13, 14 266 Index

Psychopathology (cont.) Rey-Kim Memory Test, 148 pyromania and kleptomania, 23 Rogerian person-centred therapy, 208 reactive attachment disorder, 14 Rorschach inkblot test, 150, 173 SAD, 10, 11 schizophrenia, 24 sexual dysfunctions, 19–20 S sleep-wake disorders, 17–20 SAS. See Self-rating depression scale (SAS) somatic disorders, 16 SASH. See South African stress and health substance-related disorders, 15 study (SASH) Psychosexual stages, 52 Saudi Arabia, 231, 232 Psychotherapy Schizophrenia, 24, 109, 110 benzodiazepines, 37 School counselors, 168 CBT (see Cognitive behavioral therapy Scientist-practitioner model, 190, 191 (CBT)) Self-psychology, 54 and counseling centers, 151 Self-rating depression scale (SAS), 173 electrical shock and brain surgery, 37 Seoul neuropsychological scale battery financial sustainability, 151 (SNSB), 149 hippocrates, 36 Service delivery moral therapy, 36 Hotlinecounseling, 171 person centered therapy (see Humanistic information provision via internet, 171 and person-centered therapy) online video counseling, 171 religious counseling, 221 psychological counselors via internet, 171 systemic therapy traditional face-to-face individual communication/ strategic therapy, 58 session, 171 definition, 57 Service fee family therapy, 58 family, provider, 173 intergenerational/Bowen family forms of, 172 therapy, 58, 59 medical insurance system, 172 structural therapy, 58 mental health problems and treatment support and critics, 59, 60 methods, 172 therapy techniques, 59 psychiatrist and registered therapist and “the talking cure”, 37 supervisor, 172 treatments, 35, 36 Service providers Psychotherapy law, 96 college instructors, 168 Psychotic disorders, 26 family and friends, 169 Pychological counselors, 171 non-psychiatric doctors, 168, 169 Pyromania and kleptomania, 23 professional/nonprofessional persons, 167 psychiatrists, 167 Q psychological counselors, 167 Qatar, 231 psychological therapists, 167 registered clinical and counseling psychologists, 168 R religious persons, 169 Rational emotive therapy, 41 school counselors, 168 Reactive attachment disorder, 14 social workers, 169 Registered clinical and counseling TCM practitioners, 168, 169 psychologists, 168 Service sites Relational psychology, 54 education system, 170 Relaxation, 46 enterprises, 171 Religious persons, 169 private agencies and psychological Research domain criteria (RDoC), 78 hotlines, 171 Rey Aditory Verbal Learning Test, 148 private foreign hospitals, 171 Rey complex figure test, 148–149 psychiatric hospitals, 170 Index 267

psychological clinic at comprehensive intergenerational/Bowen family therapy, hospitals, 170 58, 59 TCM hospitals, 170 structural therapy, 58 Sexual dysfunctions, 19, 20 support and critics, 59, 60 Sleep-wake disorders, 17, 18, 20 therapy techniques, 59 Social anxiety disorder (SAD), 10, 11 Social workers, 169 Somatic disorders, 16 T SORC-model, 93 Task sharing, 209 South African stress and health study Task-shifting, 209 (SASH), 200 TAT. See Thematic apperception test South Korea (TAT) clinical assessments TCM. See Traditional chinese medicine diagnostic assessment, 149 (TCM) classics intelligence/neuropsychological TCM hospitals, 170 assessments, 148 Thematic apperception test (TAT), 173 personality assessments, 148 Therapy/treatment test, 148 behavior based addictions, 100 clinical psychologists eMental Health Programs, 100 education and academia, 152, 153 online therapy and training, 100 hospital setting, 150 Topographic model, 51 industrial sector, 153 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) public sector, 149–150 classics, 160 education and training, 154, 155 Traditional face-to-face individual history, clinical psychology, 140, 141 session, 171 KCPA, 139, 141, 154 Training system and licensing licensure types, 141, 142, 144, 155 Bologna training system, 115 mental health assessment, 154–156 Czech Republic, 118 psychological testing instruments, 150 EuroPsy, 116 psychotherapy, 151–152 higher education system, 116 qualifications, clinical psychologists, Poland, 117 143, 144 Romania, 117 research methods, 143 Serbia, 117 training testing and assessment, 117 clinical practicum, 145–147 Transference and countertransference, graduate education, 145 52, 53 licensure exam, 147 Treatment gap, 206, 209–211 theoretical orientation, 147 Trichotillomania, 13 Status quo, 95 Turkey, 233, 234 Stigma, 110, 112 Structural model, 51 Structural therapy, 58 U Substance-related disorders, 15 United Arab Emirates (UAE), 234 Swiss Association of Psychotherapists, 94 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Switzerland (UDHR), 248, 251, 254 clinical practice, 99, 100 Universalism education, 99 Canadian Code, 252 schizophrenia, 94 culture-sensitive model, 251 training, 99 ethical decision making, 252 Syria, 232 ethical guidelines, 254 Systemic therapy ethical principles, 247–249 communication/strategic therapy, 58 international Ad Hoc Joint definition, 57 Committee, 248 family therapy, 58 North American models, 249 268 Index

Universalism (cont.) W research-based framework, 248 Western psychotherapy models, 208 structure and objectives, 250 WMHS. See World mental health survey moral framework, 251 (WMHS) national psychology organizations, 252 Work settings respect, 253 diagnosis and treatment management, 112 structure and objectives, 249 private practice, 113 UDHR, 251 therapeutic modalities, 113 Universalist approach, 242 training and licensing, 113 Uruguay, 130 World mental health survey (WMHS), 200

V Y Vienna Psychoanalytical Society, 92 Yemen, 235