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Carbonate Facies and Sedimentation of the Klapanunggal Formation in Cibinong, West Java

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Carbonate Facies and Sedimentation of the Klapanunggal Formation in Cibinong, West Java Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 1 No. 3 December 2014: 175-183 INDONESIAN JOURNAL ON GEOSCIENCE Geological Agency Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Journal homepage: h�p://ijog.bgl.esdm.go.id ISSN 2355-9314 (Print), e-ISSN 2355-9306 (Online) Carbonate Facies and Sedimentation of the Klapanunggal Formation in Cibinong, West Java Praptisih and Kamtono Research Centre for Geotechnology - LIPI Jln. Sangkuriang, Kompleks Lipi, Gedung 70, Bandung 40135 Corresponding Author: [email protected] Manuscript received: November 25, 2014, revised: December 30, 2014, approved: December 31, 2014 Abstract - The limestone of Klapanunggal Formation is well exposed in Cibinong and its surrounding area, West Java. Detailed observation on carbonate rock has been conducted in this area and aims at the study of the carbonate facies and its growth environment. The method used in the field is the detailed investigation, while micropaleontologic and petrogaphic analyses were conducted in the laboratory. The result of this study indicates that the carbonate rocks in the studied area consist of four facies, namely: (1) boundstone facies, (2) packstone facies, (3) rudstone facies, and (4) limestone breccia facies. Based on these data, it can be interpreted that the boundstone facies was deposited in the reef front to reef crest environment, packstone facies developed on the lower slope, upper slope, and back-reef lagoon environment. Rudstone facies formed on the reef front, and breccia limestone facies formed in the lower slope. Geographically, the position of the carbonate body environment that is at the reef front, upper slope, and lower slope is expected to be in the north - northeast while the reef crest and back reef lagoon is on the South - Southwest. Keywords: carbonate, Klapanunggal Formation, facies, environment, reef, Cibinong Introduction (2008) and Praptisih et al. (2009) carried out pre- liminary studies on the Klapanunggal carbonates. Background Based on gravity data, generally, the carbonate The carbonate rock of Parigi Formation is rocks occupy the high anomaly or the crest of one of the important targets for hydrocarbon a structural high (Kamtono and Dadan, 2012). reservoirs in the North West of the Java Basin. The distribution of carbonate rocks that exists Some oil and gas fields in West Java, such as in in the subsurface and surface is basically formed the areas of Pasirjadi, Gantar, Cicauli, and Tugu, through biological, chemical, and physical pro- the Parigi Formation, dominated by carbonate cesses. This process produces a combination of rocks contain sizeable gas reserves of more than carbonate sedimentation pattern which can be 1490 BCF (Budiyani et al., 1991). predicted. In other words, carbonate depositional In the North West of Java Basin, the Parigi environments contain a variety of carbonate fa- Formation is well exposed in several places such cies. In relation to the carbonate reservoir, the as in the areas of KelapanunggalIJOG (Cibinong), rocks indicate that the primary and secondary Pangkalan (Karawang), Leuwiliang (Bogor), and porosities are controlled by facies carbonate rocks Palimanan (Cirebon). In Cibinong area, the Parigi (Tucker, 2001). Formation is defined as the Klapanunggal Forma- The depositional environment of carbonate tion in accordance with the name of the village rocks can be reconstructed through observation where carbonate rock is well exposed (Turkandi of characteristics, physical properties, and biota et al., 1992; Effendi et al., 1998). Siregar et al. content in the rocks. The limited number of rock IJOG/JGI (Jurnal Geologi Indonesia) - Acredited by LIPI No. 547/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/06/2013, valid 21 June 2013 - 21 June 2016 175 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 1 No. 3 December 2014: 175-183 samples obtained from exploration drilling or cut- and Effendi et al. (1998), which generated the ting causes the reconstruction can not be done. map sheets of Karawang, Jakarta and the Thou- Therefore, it is necessary to study carbonate facies sand Islands, and Bogor, in scale of 1:100.000 based on surficial data. (Figure 1). The geology of the studied area con- In this study, observations and samplings sists of Miocene to Holocene rocks. The oldest of carbonate rocks exposed at the surface were Miocene sediments consist of rocks of the Jati- conducted in order to assist in interpreting a luhur Formation which is equal to the Cibulakan sedimentation model. Formation composed of marl and silty shale, and the Klapanunggal Formation which is equal to Objective of the Study the Parigi Formation. The Klapanunggal Forma- The purpose of the research is to determine tion consisting of limestone reefs is composed the facies types and sedimentation models of of large foraminifera and other fossils including carbonate rocks in Cibinong and its surrounding molluscs and echinoderms. The Pliocene deposit area. This study is expected the facies model of consists of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, Tertiary carbonates, by examining the charac- and mudstone sediments (the Serpong Forma- teristics and biota contents within the carbonate tion). The youngest Holocene rocks consist of rocks. silt, sandstone, pebbles and gravel, and volcanic material. They forms an alluvial fan spreading from Cibinong to Bekasi, and alluvial and flood- Research Methods plain deposits. The research method consists of field observa- tion and laboratory analysis. The field observa- Results of Observation tion done through detailed section measurement was used to describe the facies in the field and The outcrop descriptions in each location de- to determine sample locations of the outcrops. termine the facies types based on observation of The carbonate facies and their relationships to the characteristics, physical properties, and biota each other give an overview of the distribution content in the rocks are presented in the carbonate and sedimentation models of carbonate rocks facies distribution map (Figure 2). in the studied area. Rock samples were taken Based on facies distribution and detailed systematically in the field for laboratory analy- megascopic and petrologic analyses, and also sis. The activity carried out in the laboratory is micropaleontologic data, all samples revealed petrographic analysis of carbonate rocks. A total four different facies, those are : boundstone, pack- of 110 representative carbonate samples were stone, rudstone, and breccias limestone facies. collected from Klapanunggal and the surround- ing areas. The petrographic analysis is used Boundstone Facies to clarify the result of interpretations based on Carbonate rocks that have a characteristic of field data and to support the interpretation of facies boundstone are well exposed in the studied depositional enviroment. Classification of car- area. This facies is composed of various shapes bonate used in this study is the classification of of coral fragments floating in the packstone Dunham (1962) and Embry and Klovan (1971). matrix containing foraminifera, algae, echinoid, and other microfossils. Based on the shape of its IJOGconstituent, this boundstone facies is divided into General Geology three subfacies, namely: bafflestone, bindstone, and framestone subfacies. The carbonates of Klapanunggal Formation discussed in this paper are exposed in the Cibi- Bafflestone Subfacies nong area. The geological mapping of Cibinong Bafflestone subfacies is formed primarily and the surrounding area has been done by Ach- by the colony of branching coral in the growth dan and Sudana (1992), Turkandi et al. (1992), structure. In the packstone matrix, it contains 176 Carbonate Facies and Sedimentation of the Klapanunggal Formation in Cibinong, West Java (Praptisih and Kamtono) 106o 54' E 106o 57' E 107o 00' E N Qav3 27' S 27' S o o Sendanglengo 6 6 Tpps Cioray Tmj Tmk Tmp S ' ' S 30 30 o Qav3 o 6 6 Batununggal Cilalay 106o 54' E 106o 57' E 107o00' E Legend 0 5 km Qaf Alluvial and flood plain Index Map Qav3 Alluvial fan N Java Sea Tpps Serpong Formation Tmp Parigi Formation Jakarta Tmk Klapanunggal Formation Bandung Jatiluhur Formation Tmj Studied Area Miocene Pliocene Quaternary Figure 1. Geological compilation map of part of Karawang (Achdan and Sudana, 1992), Jakarta and the Thousand Islands (Turkandi et al., 1992), and Bogor (Effendi et al.,1998) Quadrangles, showing the distribution of Klapanunggal Formation discussed in this paper. 106o 54' E 106o57' E 107o 00' E Java Sea N Sendanglengo 27' S 27' S o o Bogor Cileungsi river Bandung BJ 01 Studi Area l1 Hlc6-7 BJ 02 KLP 02 KLP 01 NR 02 NR 01 0 3 km Kp1 KLP 05-06 BJ 03 KLP 201 Hlc1 BJ 04 Kp2 KLP 07 KLP 09 Cilalay l11 Kp3 KLP 08 Hlc2-5 Kp4 SD 05 LT03 Kp5 C1-1A PSG 01 SD 06 LT 04 C8 SD 07 C5 PSG 02 SD 04 LT 01 LT 02 Kp6 Kp7 C6 C4 SD 03 l2 PSG 03 30' S -6 30' S -6 o o KS 02 SD 02 SD 01 -6 -6 CR 01 C7 l3 CR 02 KS 05 KS 06 l5 l9 l10 KS 02 l4 l8 CR 03 CR 15 CR 17 l6 KS 04 In01 CR 04 KS 01 CR 16 N CR 08 CR 09 CR 05 CR 14 l7 CR 07 CR 10 CR 13 CR 06 CR 12 CR 11 IJOGCioray Cipatujah river 106o 54' E 106o 57' E 107o 00' E Explanation: Boundstone Facies Packstone Facies Sub facies of bafflestone Sub facies of foraminiferal packstone Rudstone Facies Sub facies of bindstone Sub facies of foraminiferal-coral packstone Breccia limestone Facies Sub facies of framestone Sub facies of foraminiferal-algal packstone Figure 2. Outcrop sites of carbonate facies distribution map. 177 Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, Vol. 1 No. 3 December 2014: 175-183 red algae and green algae, large foraminifera, Microscopic observation shows that the matrix benthos, plankton, echinoid, and fragments of of platy corals is red algae and green algae molluscs; light grey, the thickness of the layers (Halimeda). The species of large foraminifera is ranges between 0.2 - 0.5 cm (Figure 3a). Green Lepidocyclina sp.
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