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Brachyura: Xanthidae Chlorodiellinae) Collected from the Central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia Ahmed E

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Brachyura: Xanthidae Chlorodiellinae) Collected from the Central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia Ahmed E JKAU: Mar. Sci., Vol. 27 No. 1 pp: 25-33 (1438 A.H. 2017 /A.D) DOI :10.4197/Mar.27-1.3 Description of Laboratory-Reared First Zoea of Luniella spinipes (Heller, 1861) (Brachyura: Xanthidae Chlorodiellinae) Collected from the Central Red Sea, Saudi Arabia Ahmed E. Al Haj1,2 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1 1Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of environment Sciences and Marine Biology, Hadramout University of Sciences and Technology, Yemen [email protected] Abstract. Ovigerous females of the Luniella spinipes was collected from Obhur Creek, central Red Sea. The larvae hatched under laboratory conditions. The larvae of L. spinipes is related to its congener Pilodius sp. larvae and can be distinguished by: the presence of small spines in ventral margin of carapace (vs. absent) and 5 setae in distal segment of second maxilliped (vs. 6 setae). The previous description of the first zoea of L. spinipes is incomplete and overlooked the small setation of antennule, spines endopod, setation of coxal basal and endopod endite of maxilla, first and second maxilliped, and posterodorsal setae of abdomen. In present study, first zoeal stages of L. spinipes was dissected, carefully re-examined and redescribed with illustrations. The first zoeal stages collected from the Saudi Arabian coast (central Red Sea) was differ from Al Ghardaqa (northern Red Sea). The second zoeal stage of L. spinipes was described for the first time and compared with those of the same larval stage of Pilodius nigrocrintus and Chlorodiella nigra. Keywords: Luniella spinipes, First zoea, Second zoea, Pilodius, Red Sea. Chlorodiellinae were morphologically described: Introduction Chlorodiella nigra (as Chlorodiella niger) by Ten genera including 48 species are known of Gurney, 1938; Prasad and Tampi, 1957; Gohar the family Chlorodiellinae (Ng et al., 2008; and Al-Kholy, 1957), Cyclodius obscures (as Mendoza and Manuel-Santos 2012; Lasley et al., Phymodius monticulosus) by Ng and Clark, 2013, 2015). One new genera were established 2000; L. spinipes (as Chlorodopsis spinipes) by recently by Lasley and Ng (2015) namely Gurney, 1938; Pilodius nigrocrintus Stimpson Luniella Lasley, Kaus and Ng, 2015 with 4 1858 (Terada, 1982; Ko and Lee, 2012); P. species worldwide. The newly formed genus areolatus; L. pugil (as Pilodius pugil) by Ng and Luniella has two species recorded in the Red Clark, 2000 and Cyclodius paumotensis Rathbun Sea: L. pugil Dana, 1852 and L. spinipes Heller, 1907 (as P. paumotensis by Clark and Paula, 1861 (Serène, 1984; Vine, 1986). Luniella 2003). Tow genera of family Chlorodiellinae species crabs live under stones adjacent to reefs (i.e. Pilodius and Luniella) have similar setotaxy (Lasley et al., 2013, 2015). The first zoeas of (Clark, 2009). From Chlorodiellinae, the around 7 species belonging to 4 genera of complete larval developments of Pilodius 25 26 Ahmed E. Al Haj and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos nigrocrintus (Terada, 1982) and Chlorodiella Only two zoeal stages were obtained, of which nigra (Gohar and Al-Kholy, 1957) were second stage was described for the first time in obtained in laboratories and morphologically this present study. described. In this paper, the first and second First Zoea (Fig. 1 A-M) zoeal stages of Luniella spinipes were illustrated and described. Size (average ± SD) T T= 0. 9±0. 03 mm, C W=0. 45±0. 01 mm, C L =0. 7±0. 01 mm. Materials and Methods Carapace (Fig. 1 A-D): dorsal spine long, The berried females of Luniella spinipes was straight and curved distally with many small collected by hand from the rocks found in th spines; rostral spine straight, shorter than shallow water on 25 October 2015 from dorsal spine and protopod of antenna, with Obhur (21°42'33.47" N 39° 5'46.76"E ), north three small spines on surface; lateral spines to Jeddah, central Red Sea. The female was straight and short. Anterodorsal surface reared under laboratory conditions, and around th without spine, ventral margin with minute 150 larvae hatched on 27 of October. Two spines and a pair of postrodorsal setae; eyes batches of 50 larvae were reared in 1-litre sessile. containers with 800 ml seawater with a salinity of 35‰ at 28 °C and 12 hours dark and light Antennule (Fig. 1 E): Uniramous, endopod photoperiod. absent; exopod unsegmented with 4 broad and long aesthetascs, plus slender terminal seta. The first and second zoeal stages were fed with rotifers. Water was changed every day. Antenna (Fig. 1 F): Protopod distally Ten larvae from each specimen were preserved multispinulate and longer than rostral spine; in 70% ethanol for measurements and endopod present as small spine; exopod small, dissection. The larvae were dissected in robust, 11 % length of protopod with 2 short lactophenol using Wild Stereo microscope. terminal setae. Setal counts were taken from proximal to Maxillule (Fig. 1 G): Coxal endite with 7 distal portions. For zoeal stage, CW: distance plumodenticulate setae; basal endite with 5 (2 between the tips of the lateral spines; CL: cuspidate and 3 plumodenticulate) setae; distance from the base of the rostral spine to endopod 2-segmented, proximal segment with the posterior margin of the carapace; TT: simple seta, distal segment with 6 plumose (2 distance between the tips of dorsal and rostral subterminal, 4 terminal) setae; exopod seta spines. For the megalopa: CW: maximum absent. distance across the carapace; CL: maximum distance along the carapace. Setal counts were Maxilla (Fig. 1 H): Coxal endite bilobed with made from proximal to distal portions. Setal 4+4 plumodenticulate setae; basal endite with numbers were represented for appendages 5+4 setation, endopod unsegmented, bilobed from basis to endopod (Clark et al., 1998). The with 3+5 (2 subterminal, 3 terminal) antennal exopod ratio to protopod length was plumodenticulate setae; Exopod measured from exopod base to its tip without (scaphognathite) margin with 4 plumose setae, the setae. The female crab and the un-dissected one long stout distal process. zoeas were deposited in the King Abdulaziz First maxilliped (Fig. 1 I): Coxal seta absent, University Marine Museum (KAUMM-675). basis with 10 medial simple setae arranged Results 2+2+3+3; endopod 5-segmented with 3, 2, 1, 2 (plumose), 1(simple subterminal) +4 Description of Laboratory-Reared first Zoea… 27 (plumodenticulate terminal) setae respectively; exopod 2-segmented, distal segment with 4 long terminal plumose natatory setae. 28 Ahmed E. Al Haj and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos Fig. 1. The first zoea of Luniella spinipes, A. Carapace , B. Dorsal spine, C. Rostral spine, D. Ventra margin of carapace, E. Antennule, F. Antenna, , G. Maxillule, H. Maxilla, I. First maxilliped, J. Second maxilliped, K. Dorsal view of abdomen L. Lateral view of abdomen,, M. Dorsal view of telson. Second maxilliped (Fig. 1 J): coxal seta absent; First maxilliped (Fig. 2 G): exopod 2- basis with 4 medial simple setae arranged segmented, distal segment with 6 long terminal 1+1+1+1; endopod 3-segmented with 1, 1 plumose natatory setae. (plumose), 5 (1 longer plumodenticulate, 1 shorter plumose subterminal, and 1 shorter and Second maxilliped (Fig. 2 H): endopod 3- 2 longer plumodenticulate terminal) setae. segmented with 1, 1 (plumose), 6 (1 longer Exopod 2-segmented, distal segment with 4 plumodenticulate, 2 shorter plumose long terminal plumose natatory setae. subterminal, and 1 shorter and 2 longer plumodenticulate terminal) setae. Exopod 2- Abdomen (Fig. 1 K-L): 5 somites; first somite segmented, distal segment with 6 long terminal naked; second somite with a pair of plumose natatory setae. Other characters dorsolateral processes directed anteriorly, third unchanged. somite with a pair of dorsolateral processes directed posteriorly; first and second somite Pereiopods: absent. with rounded posterolateral process; second to Abdomen (Fig. 2 I-J): first somite with 1 dorsal fifth somites with 1 pair of posterodorsal setae; medial seta; other characters unchanged. third to fifth somites with short posterolateral Telson (Fig. 2 K): inner margin with 3 pairs of spinous processes. stout spinulate setae plus a pair of small setae; Telson (Fig. 1 M): each fork with 2 pairs other characters unchanged. lateral spines (1 long, 1 small) and 1 pair Discussion dorsal medial spines, gradually curved distally, anterolateral spine considerably longer; inner Xanthidae larvae were divided to seven groups margin with 3 pairs of stout spinulate setae. based on the characters of antenna and some other appendages (Rice, 1980; Martin, 1984; Second Zoea (Fig. 2 A-K) Fransozo et al., 1991). Of these groups, the Size (average ± SD) T T= 1. 2±0. 03 mm, C larvae of Chlorodiinae were included to group W=0. 6±0. 01 mm, C L. =0. 7±0. 01 mm. I (Table 1). Recently, Clark and Cuesta (2015) Carapace (Fig. 2 A-B): eyes stalked; other modified the exopod armature description of characters unchanged. Martin's group (I) as "protopod distally Antennule (Fig. 2 C): exopod unsegmented multispinulate, antennal exopod reduced to with 6 broad and long aesthetascs, plus slender less than quarter of protopodal length and terminal seta. never armed with more than three setae". Until now, the first zoea of few species of Pilodius Antenna (Fig. 2 D): exopod ratio protopod and Luniella were described (Table1): Luniella length ca. 9.9 %. spinipes (Gurney, 1938 as Pilodius spinipes; Maxillule (Fig. 2 E): epipod seta present, coxal the present study); L. pugil (Ng and Clark endite with 8 plumodenticulate setae and a 2000 as Pilodius pugil), P. nigrocrintus (by small bud; other characters unchanged. Terada, 1983; Ko and Lee, 2012) and P. Maxilla (Fig. 2 F): exopod (scaphognathite) areolatus (by Ng and Clark, 2000). margin with 11 plumose setae, stout process no Some authors overlooked the presence of longer prominent; other characters unchanged.
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