MPE LIBRARY To 'vV ."J 1-~ No c (.: ~ · ir--: ~, 1 1 PLAN,\' ;Js B 1 ·• J llll!ll~lll/ 1!1 /li/1!111~1 /J /i// 1~11111111 M0013267 LIE RARY ..., _ __........,UN TRY PLANNING BOARD LIBRARY Melbourne Transportation Study M\NlSTRY FOR PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENT LIBRARY Volume 3: The Transportation Plan Prepared by The Metropolitan Transportation Committee Corner of Lygon and Princes Streets, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia 8469 /69. MINISTRY FOR PLANNING AND ENVJRONMENT LIBRARY Introduction This report deals with a modern phenomenon­ urbanisation of life on a scale not previously known. It is 200 years since Captain James Cook discovered the east coast of Australia. There were no cities in Australia then. What has since happened in our country is written into our history and it is a fascinating story. What will happen in the next 200 years will depend a great deal on all of us alive today-by that time everyone of us will be part of Australia's history. When man began his civilising process, urbanisation also began. The production of a surplus food supply introduced a new form of community life; an administrative centre was now possible and this was the embryo of the city. And so it went on over the centuries until the Industrial Revolution caused a great upward surge io the development of the modem city. However, by the end of the 19th century only eleven cities around the world had more than one milJion inhabitants; well before the end of the 20th century-indeed in 1985, the design year of the Plan-it is estimated that Melbourne will have a population of 3 · 7 million people. Like other cities Melbourne is involved in the urban population explosion. This is something new and, consequently, all around the world people have not yet worked out what to do about it. This is not a situation in which we can stand by and simply" wring our hands". History shows that cities will not get smaller and, therefore, we must plan. Although town planning occurs in many places, I believe that few cities, if any, have devoted as much money, time and effort to such a comprehensive transportation study as Melbourne. From this study comes the Melbourne Metropolitan Transportation Plan. The Metropolitan Transportation Committee was formed after legislation was enacted by the Parliament of Victoria in 1963 to advise the Government on planning development, co-ordination, changing needs of the community. control and improvement of transport facilities in Thirdly, the need for flexibility leads me to Melbourne and its environs. people because it can only be through people that The Committee decided that, to carry out its changing needs are expressed and, after all, that task, detailed and comprehensive information about is what the Plan is designed to meet-the needs of Melbourne's transport system was required. people. Consequently, it began the most detailed survey People are what it is all about. People wish to of Melbourne's transport system ever undertaken move from place to place or they wish to have to provide a basis for the preparation of a the goods which they use moved from place to Transportation Plan. The Plan would, if approved, place. But they are also subject to their be a basis for futu re transport planning. environment. We must remember that cities like The survey was carried out by American Melbourne exist because people live in them and in consultants, Wilbur Smith and Associates in implementing the Plan, the relationship between conjunction with the Melbourne firm, Len T. Frazer environment and the quality of individual lives and Associates. Both firms acted under the must be well considered-for example, great care guidance of Study Co-ordinator Sir Louis Loder, will have to be taken to preserve those aspects of C.B.E., and the Hon. E. R. Meagher, M.P., the Melbourne which have character and distinction, then Minister of Transport. The survey was such as our outstanding parks and gardens. completed by the consultants in 1965, and they If a capital city has an efficient transport system, submitted the results of their work to Mr. Meagher this efficiency will not only benefit the area within who was Chairman of the Committee from its the metropolis, but will automatically bring inception until May, 1967. substantial benefits to the whole area concerned­ Since the completion of the survey in 1965 the in our case both Victoria and Australia. Committee has been engaged in analysing the So we need planning, co-ordination of present considerable volume of data collected in the survey and future transport facilities, and leadership. The and preparing a plan for Melbourne's future, with Government has given a lead by setting up the the year 1985 as the basis for planning. It has Committee; the Committee seeks to do so by this now produced a plan which recognises that there Plan. is a place for all forms of transport in attempting We also need acceptance of the lead by a to solve the problem-in other words, it believes community which has taken the trouble to that balanced transport is the only hope. understand what is involved and is prepared to act. In this regard we have the opportunity to learn from experience in the United States of America that urban transport problems cannot be solved by emphasis on one form of transport alone. In that country emphasis on roads alone has not solved the problem and now city after city is looking to fixed track rapid transit to help solve its problem December, 1969. Chairman. of moving people. It is necessary to look at the Plan as a whole and in so doing I feel it is important to keep three matters well in mind. Firstly, the Plan contains recommendations which can only be implemented progressively over a number of years. A series of procedures are laid down by law. The necessary reservations of land are required to be made by the planning authority-the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. This would require amendments to the metropolitan planning scheme ; before amendments can be made, there must be public exhibition, notice to those likely to be affected must be given, objections can be made and must be heard. Secondly, there must be flexibility when dealing with the complex problems of urban congestion and urban renewal. For any plan to be successful it must have the ability to meet and reflect the Metropolitan Transportation Committee The Hon. V. F. Wilcox, M.P. Minister of Transport-Chairman The Hon. R. J. Hamer, E.D., M.L.C. Minister for Local Government-Deputy Chairman Cr. I. F. Beaurepaire, C.M.G. City of Melbourne Mr. A. G. Brown Co-ordinator of Transport Mr. G. F. W. Brown Chairman, Victorian Railways Commissioners Mr. E. W. Coates Director of Finance Mr. A. H. Croxford Chairman, Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works Mr. E. V. N. Field Chairman, Transport Regulation Board Mr. J. A. Hepburn Chief Planner, Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works Mr. I. J. O'Donnell, O.B.E., E.D. Chairman, Country Roads Board Mr. R. J. H. Risson, C.B., C.B.E., D.S.O., 0.St.J., E.D. Chairman, Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board Mr. J. G. Westland Chairman, Traffic Commission Study Director: Mr. J. M. Bayley Committee Secretary: Mr. G. J. Meech Contents Chapter Page Chapter Page 1 Transportation Planning for Melbourne 1 6 Improved Service Frequencies 36 The Growth in Demand for Travel 1 New Tracks for Expresses 39 The Planning Process 1 New Rolling Stock 39 The Survey Areas 2 Parking for Private Cars at Railway Planning Organisation 2 Stations 39 Terminals for Feeder Bus Services at 2 Objectives and Benefits 3 Railway Stations 41 Framing the Objectives 3 Grade Separation 41 The Objectives in Detail 3 The Street Segment of Public Standards of Service 3 Transport 41 Central Business District Vitality 4 Travel on Street Public Transport 41 Benefits of 1985 Plan 4 Future of Trams 42 Capability of Different Modes 4 Recommendation on Trams 42 The Swanston Street Problem 42 3 Land Use and Population Predictions 6 Recommended Street Public Land Use, Population and Travel 6 Transport Routes 43 The 1985 Survey Area 6 Tram Routes to the CBD 44 Population Distribution 7 Bus Routes 44 Population Density 7 Better Rolling Stock- Trams and Buses 44 Population-Distance from City 7 Operating Standards 45 Estimated Income Distribution 10 Co-ordination of Public Transport Distribution of Work Force at Place Services 46 of Employment 12 Distribution of Car Ownership 14 Distribution of Retail Activity 19 7 The Recommended Plan Highways 47 School Enrolment 19 Overall Road Concept 47 4 Travel Predictions 21 Freeways 48 Travel in 1985 21 Freeway D esign Standards 48 Travel Demand 21 Freeway Traffic Volumes 49 Modes 22 Benefits of Freeway System 49 Trips by Purpose 22 Arterial Roads 50 Central Business District 23 Interchanges so CBD Work Trips 24 Elimination of Road/ Rail Level Crossings 50 Commercial Goods Vehicles 25 Local Roads 51 External Vehicle Trips 26 Land Acquisition and Reservation 51 Local External Trips 27 Trip Lengths 28 Trip Distribution 28 8 Parking Central Parking Survey Area 53 Parking 29 1985 Parking Demand Central Parking Survey Area 53 5 Plan Development 31 Implementation of Parking Proposals Testing the Networks 31 for Central Parking Survey Area 54 6 The Recommended Plan 9 Cost of Proposals 57 Public Transport 33 Rail 57 Rail 33 Street Public Transport The Underground Loop 34 58 Highways Three New Lines and One Extension 35 58 Extension of Suburban Network along Existing Lines 36 10 Implementation and Continuing Study 59 Index of Figures Figure Following Figure Following Page Page 1-1 Metropolitan Transportation 4-9 CBD Daily Person Trips with Train as Committee Area of Study-1964 and Main Mode of Travel- 1985 Survey 1985 Cordons 2 Area 28 1-2 Planning Organisation 2 4-10 CBD Daily Person Trips with Tram or 3-1 The Survey Areas-1964 and 1985 6 Bus as Main Mode of Travel-1985 Survey Area 28 3-2 Predicted Population Density-1985 8 3-3 The 1985 Survey Area-Dfatances 4-11 CBD Daily Person Trips with Car as from the G.P.O.