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Human Rights Report 2015 Human Rights Report 2015 Mensenrechtenrapportage 2015 Foreword In April this year, I was able to welcome Leyla and Arif Yunus to the Netherlands, where they were reunited with their daughter Dinara. The release of these human rights activists by the Azerbaijan authorities and their arrival in the Netherlands was the visible result of much less visible diplomatic efforts. I had lobbied for their release since my appointment as Minister of Foreign Affairs. My German counterpart and I, and the EU, had worked without ceasing in support of their case. The Netherlands campaigns in many ways and on many fronts for the protection and promotion of human rights, as the Human Rights Report 2015 makes clear once more. It is a matter that requires patience, however. The fact that the Yunus family were able to leave Azerbaijan shows that these unflagging efforts – both in the spotlight and behind the scenes – can eventually be rewarded with a positive result. We will continue these efforts, working as often as possible in collaboration with other partners and with the EU. They remain highly necessary. All over the world, rights and freedoms are increasingly being repressed in the interests of ‘security’. Human rights are being suspended, freedom of expression curtailed and the press, opposition and human rights defenders silenced, all in the name of counterterrorism. However, as I pointed out at the UN Human Rights Council last February, it is an illusion to think that human rights can be put on hold, even temporarily, for the sake of stability or security. Repression leads to a false sense of security and, ultimately, instability, conflict and floods of refugees. This is an all-too-familiar scenario. 2015 saw huge flows of refugees. The harrowing images of people who have been cast adrift reveal a range of problems and individual suffering for which there are no quick and easy solutions. We need effective human rights policy to tackle the present refugee crisis. Firstly, because human rights violations are one of the main reasons why people are fleeing their homes. They are fleeing repression, war and violence. Secondly, because migrants – whether refugees or people migrating to escape poverty and the absence of socioeconomic prospects – are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations. 2 We must be constantly on the look-out for human rights violations. Too often, we hear that human rights are not the most important thing right now, particularly in the current debate on security. But let me be quite clear: there is no pause button on human rights. There can be no choice between security and human rights. One is not possible without the other; they are complementary. Respect for human rights and protection of citizens are both vital for a stable, open and secure society. Bert Koenders Minister of Foreign Affairs AVT16/BZ120616 2 Mensenrechtenrapportage 2015 Table of contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................... 2 List of abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 4 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 6 1. Forums in which the Netherlands is active ....................................................................... 1 1.1 United Nations ...................................................................................................... 8 1.2 European Union................................................................................................... 10 1.3 Council of Europe and European Court of Human Rights ........................................... 13 1.4 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) ................................... 14 1.5 International Courts and Tribunals ......................................................................... 15 2. Dutch human rights priorities....................................................................................... 17 2.1 Human rights defenders ....................................................................................... 17 2.2 Equal rights for LGBTI people ................................................................................ 19 2.3 Equal rights for women ........................................................................................ 22 2.4 Most serious violations ......................................................................................... 26 2.4.1 Death penalty ....................................................................................................................... 26 2.4.2 Responsibility to protect ...................................................................................................... 26 2.5 Freedom of expression and freedom of the internet ................................................. 28 2.5.1 Freedom of expression ........................................................................................................ 28 2.5.2 Freedom of the internet ...................................................................................................... 29 3 2.6 Freedom of religion and belief ............................................................................... 33 2.7 Human rights and development ............................................................................. 35 2.8 Human rights and business ................................................................................... 37 3. Human rights developments and Dutch efforts by region ................................................. 44 3.1 North Africa and the Middle East ........................................................................... 44 3.1.1 Regional overview .............................................................................................................. 44 3.2 Sub-Saharan Africa.............................................................................................. 54 3.2.1 Regional overview ................................................................................................................ 54 3.3 Asia ................................................................................................................... 60 3.3.1 Regional overview .............................................................................................................. 60 3.4 Western Hemisphere ............................................................................................ 70 3.4.1 Regional overview ................................................................................................................ 70 3.5 Europe and Central Asia ....................................................................................... 77 3.5.1 Regional overview ................................................................................................................ 77 4. Appendix: List of projects financed with delegated funds from the Human Rights Fund ....... 88 AVT16/BZ120616 3 Mensenrechtenrapportage 2015 List of abbreviations ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting AU African Union CEDAW Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (UN) CM Committee of Ministers (CoE) COC Netherlands Dutch Federation for the Integration of Homosexuality CoE Council of Europe COHOM Council Working Party on Human Rights (EU) CSR corporate social responsibility DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo ECHR European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ECRI European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (CoE) ECtHR European Court of Human Rights EEAS European External Action Service EIDHR European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights ESC economic, social and cultural (rights) EU European Union EUSR EU Special Representative FLOW Funding Leadership Opportunities for Women (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) FPU Free Press Unlimited GoF Group of Friends GSP Generalised System of Preferences FOC Freedom Online Coalition HDIM Human Dimension Implementation Meeting (OSCE) HR (EU) High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy HRC Human Rights Council (UN) IACHR Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 4 ICC International Criminal Court ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICSR international corporate social responsibility ICTR International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda ICTY International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia IDAHOT International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia IDPs internally displaced persons ILO International Labour Organization IOB Policy and Operations Evaluation Department (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) LHBTI Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex MENA Middle East and North Africa MICT Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals NGO non-governmental organisation NHC Netherlands Helsinki Committee OAS Organization of American States ODA Official Development Assistance ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (OSCE) OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN) OIC Organization of Islamic Cooperation OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe PA Palestinian Authority RSCSL Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone RtoP Responsibility to Protect SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SER Social and Economic Council of the Netherlands SOMO Centre for
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