P R O C E E D I N G S

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

P R O C E E D I N G S P R O C E E D I N G S Edited by Alison Ormsby and Susan Leopold Copyright © 2017 by United Plant Savers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Table of Contents AGENDA .............................................................................................................................................. 1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 4 SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE .............................................................................................................. 5 SYMPOSIUM PAPERS ........................................................................................................................ 11 “The Sustainable Herbs Project: Sourcing and Sustainability in the Herbal Products Supply Chain” ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 Armbrecht, Ann. Sustainable Herbs Project Director, Montpelier, VT. [email protected] “Can Wild Ginseng Regenerate New Plants from Replanted Rhizome?” ............................................................. 13 Beyfuss, Robert Layton. Retired Agriculture Agent and American Ginseng Specialist for Cornell University Cooperative Extension, NY and Vice President American Ginseng Pharm LLC. [email protected] “Black Cohosh: Harvest Impacts, Population Response and Implications for Sustainable Management of this and Other Medicinal Forest Products” ............................................................................... 16 Chamberlain, James and Christine Small. USDA Forest Service, Blacksburg, VA. [email protected] “Demographic response of American ginseng to three natural canopy disturbances common in mixed mesophytic forests” ................................................................................................................................ 17 Chandler, Jennifer L. Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. [email protected] “Ginsenoside Profiles in American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in Western North Carolina” (poster) ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Clarke, H. David, Jonathan Horton, Jennifer Rhode Ward, Jessica Burroughs, and John Brock. University of North Carolina Asheville. [email protected] “Use of Natural Fungicides with Organic Ginseng Production” ........................................................................... 25 Eidus, Robert. North Carolina Ginseng & Goldenseal Co., Marshall, NC. [email protected] “Characteristics of Woodland Herbal Users in the United States – Summary from an Epidemiological Study” ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Feinberg, Termeh and Kim Innes. University of Maryland. [email protected] [email protected] “Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Forest-Grown American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and the Relationship Between Mycorrhizal Colonization and Root Ginsenoside Content” ............................................... 33 Filyaw, Tanner R. and Sarah C. Davis. Environmental Studies, Ohio University, OH. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] “NatureServe and Native Plant Conservation in North America” ........................................................................ 43 Frances, Anne, Amanda Treher, and Leah Oliver. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. [email protected] “Supply and Regulation of Wild American Ginseng” .......................................................................................... 47 Frey, Greg, James Chamberlain, and Jeff Prestemon. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forest Inventory & Analysis, Blacksburg, VA. [email protected] “Indications for the Importance of Growing Methods on Pharmacological profiles of Herbal Medicines” ....................................................................................................................................................... 48 Gonick, Meghan. University of Bridgeport Acupuncture Institute, CT. [email protected] “Sanguinaria canadensis L., Bloodroot, highlighting historical and potential uses” ............................................. 60 Gonick, Meghan. University of Bridgeport Acupuncture Institute, CT. [email protected] “Spreading the Ginseng Gospel: Case Study in Ginseng Production and Promotion from Watauga County Cooperative Extension” .......................................................................................................... 68 Hamilton, Jim. County Extension Director for North Carolina Cooperative Extension, Watauga County, Boone, NC. [email protected] “Connecting Appalachian Icons: The importance of conserving plant-animal mutualisms in a changing world.” ............................................................................................................................................... 73 Hruska, Amy M., Michael C. Elza, and James B. McGraw. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. [email protected] “Antidermatophytic Effect of Black Walnut hull, Juglans nigra” ......................................................................... 74 King, Rosanna, Andrea Lutac, Natalie Rubio, Jenna Yutzy, and Rebecca Rashid Achterman. Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA. [email protected] “RootReport: Measuring the Market for Forest Medicinals” .............................................................................. 74 Kruger, Steve, John Munsell, James Chamberlain, Jeanine Davis, Ryan Huish, and Steve Prisley. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. [email protected] “Producing wild leek in forest farming under northern climates” ....................................................................... 74 Lapointe, L., Dion, P.-P., Denis, M.-P., Boulanger-Pelletier, J., Bussières, J. & Bernatchez, A. Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Research, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. G1V 0A6. [email protected] “Conservation status of North American forest botanicals: What do we know? Why does it matter?” ........................................................................................................................................................... 83 Leaman, Danna. Research Associate, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada. Co-Chair, Medicinal Plant Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); Trustee, FairWild Foundation. [email protected] "Taking the Broad View: How Are Wild Ginseng Populations Faring and When Does Conservation Policy Need to Change?" .............................................................................................................. 90 McGraw, Jim. Eberly Professor of Biology, West Virginia University. [email protected] “Population, Distribution, and Threats of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in Indiana and Illinois”..................................................................................................................................................... 103 Oliver, Leah, Amanda Treher, and Anne Frances. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. [email protected] “Partial root harvest of Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng): a non-destructive method for harvesting root tissues for ginsenoside analysis” ........................................................................................ 113 Sabo, Ian, Jonathan L. Horton*, H. David Clarke, and Jennifer Rhode Ward. Biology Department, University of North Carolina Asheville. *Corresponding author [email protected] “Assessing the Status of American Ginseng from Harvest and Monitoring Data” .............................................. 118 Schmidt, JP and Jenny Cruse-Sanders. University of Georgia, GA. [email protected] “Relationships between Genetic and Phytochemical Diversity of American Ginseng from Western North Carolina” ................................................................................................................................. 119 Ward, Jennifer R.1,*, H. David Clarke1, Jonathan Horton1, John Brock2, Jessica Burroughs1, and Nicholas Freeman1 1 Biology Department, University of North Carolina Asheville. 2 Chemistry Department, University of North Carolina Asheville. * [email protected] “American ginseng status assessment on four National Forests in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.” ................................. 122 Young, John, David Smith, and Tim King. USGS Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV. [email protected] “An Introduction to Flower Essences: Sustainable Supplements from Forest, Field, and Garden” .................... 123 Ziff, Katherine. Briarwood Studies, Athens, OH. [email protected] “Alkaloid content in forest grown goldenseal: preliminary results and current directions” ............................... 126 Zuiderveen, Grady H. and Eric P. Burkhart. Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA. [email protected] The Future of American Ginseng and Other Appalachian Forest Botanicals Symposium Conservation, Cultivation,
Recommended publications
  • Ramial Chipped Wood 1 Ramial Chipped Wood
    Ramial chipped wood 1 Ramial chipped wood Ramial Chipped Wood (RCW) is a wood product used in cultivation for mulching, fertilizing, and soil enrichment. The raw material consists of the twigs and branches of trees and woody shrubs, preferably deciduous, including small limbs up to 7 cm. (23⁄ in.) in diameter. It is processed into small pieces by chipping, and the resulting product 4 has a relatively high ratio of cambium to cellulose compared to other chipped wood products. Thus, it is higher in nutrients and is an effective promoter of the growth of soil fungi and of soil-building in general. The goal is to develop an airy and spongy soil that holds an ideal amount of water and resists evaporation and compaction, while containing a long-term source of fertility. It can effectively serve as a panacea for depleted and eroded soils. The raw material is primarily a byproduct of the hardwood logging industry, where it was traditionally regarded as a waste material. Research into forest soils and ecosystems at Laval University (Quebec, Canada) led to the recognition of the value of this material and to research into its uses. Originally termed BRF (French: "bois raméal fragmenté" or "chipped branch-wood".) Usable types of wood The wood from heartwood and branches larger than 3 inches in diameter is not desirable due to its high C/N ratio (approximately 600:1), which requires a lot of nitrogen in its decomposition. Only the sapwood and young branches (under 3 inches in diameter) from the various noble hardwoods (hard woods high in tannins such as oak, chestnut, maple, beech and acacia) is used as their heartwood is high in tannins.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Rotation Intensive Culture of Willow, Spent Mushroom Substrate
    plants Article Short Rotation Intensive Culture of Willow, Spent Mushroom Substrate and Ramial Chipped Wood for Bioremediation of a Contaminated Site Used for Land Farming Activities of a Former Petrochemical Plant Maxime Fortin Faubert 1 , Mohamed Hijri 1,2 and Michel Labrecque 1,* 1 Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; [email protected] (M.F.F.); [email protected] (M.H.) 2 African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-514-978-1862 Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the bioremediation impacts of willows grown in short rotation intensive culture (SRIC) and supplemented or not with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and ramial chipped wood (RCW). Results did not show that SMS significantly improved either biomass production or phytoremediation efficiency. After the three growing seasons, RCW- amended S. miyabeana accumulated significantly more Zn in the shoots, and greater increases of some PAHs were found in the soil of RCW-amended plots than in the soil of the two other ground Citation: Fortin Faubert, M.; Hijri, cover treatments’ plots. Significantly higher Cd concentrations were found in the shoots of cultivar M.; Labrecque, M. Short Rotation ‘SX61’. The results suggest that ‘SX61’ have reduced the natural attenuation of C10-C50 that occurred Intensive Culture of Willow, Spent in the unvegetated control plots. The presence of willows also tended to increase the total soil Mushroom Substrate and Ramial concentrations of PCBs.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Uncomposted Woodchip As a Soil Improver in Arable and Horticultural Soils Sally Westaway1, Anais Rousseau2, Jo Smith1
    Use of uncomposted woodchip as a soil improver in arable and horticultural soils Sally Westaway1, Anais Rousseau2, Jo Smith1 1Organic Research Centre, RG20 0HR, Newbury, UK; 2Association Française d'Agroforesterie, 44 rue Victor Hugo, 32 000 AUCH, France 1E-mail: [email protected] The challenge One challenge farmers face is maintaining and improving soil health and soil organic matter in the heavily cultivated soils often found in arable and horticultural systems. Repeated applications of composted material have been (a) (c) well documented as leading to long term improvements in soil organic matter (SOM), soil water retention and improved soil nutrient status. But this material either needs to be sourced externally as a finished product which can be costly and unsustainable or composted on farm which requires space and time for the composting process to take place. Ramial woodchip (b) (d) The application of fresh uncomposted, or ramial woodchip (RCW) to cultivated soils also has significant potential benefits, with a long-term study in the US showing positive results in terms of soil biological activity and SOM (Free, 1971). Research by Caron et al (1998) confirmed these findings and recommends using smaller diameter material for chip production, chipped fresh when the leaves are off, as younger branches are more Figure 1 (a) Spreading RCW at Tolhurst Organics using a rear discharge muck spreader, 2018. (b) willow coppice nutritionally dense. However, few studies have followed up on these findings for firewood and RCW production at Tolhurst Organics. (c) worm sampling at Tolhurst Organics (d) crop sam- in European annual cropped arable and horticultural farming systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry for High Value Tree Systems: Guidelines for Farmers
    Agroforestry for high value tree systems: Guidelines for farmers Project name AGFORWARD (613520) Work-package 3: Agroforestry for High Value Tree Systems Milestone Deliverable 3.9 (3.3) Agroforestry for High Value Tree Systems: Guidelines for farmers Date of report 18 January 2018 Authors Anastasia Pantera, Paul Burgess, Maria Rosa Mosquera-Losada, Adolfo Rosati, Gerardo Moreno, Jim McAdam, Konstantinos Mantzanas, Nathalie Corroyer, Philippe Van Lerberghe, Nuria Ferreiro-Domingues, Maria Lourdes López, Jose Javier Santiago Freijanes, Antonio Rigueiro- Rodriguez, Juan Luiz Fernandez-Lorenzo, Pilar Gonzalez-Hernandez, Pablo Fraga-Gontan, Miguel Martinez-Cabaleiro, Francesca Chinery, George Eriksson, Erica Pershagen, Cristina Perez-Casenave, Michail Giannitsopoulos, Juliette Colin and Fabien Balaguer Contact Anastasia Pantera; [email protected] Contents 1 Context ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Leaflets overview ....................................................................................................................... 2 3 A brief description of the innovation leaflets ........................................................................... 3 4 A short summary of the main advantages ................................................................................ 6 5 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 7 6 References ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Identification Et Revue Bibliographique Des Bonnes
    ACF - INTERNATIONAL LOW INPUTS AGRICULTURE PRACTICAL MANUAL LEGAL NOTICES Statement on Copyright © Action contre la Faim – International Network Reproduction is permitted provided the source is credited unless otherwise specified. If reproduction or use of textual and multimedia data (sound, images, software, etc.) are submitted for prior authorization, such authorization will cancel the general authorization described above and will clearly indicate any restrictions on use. Disclaimer The present document aims to provide public access to information concerning the actions and policies of Action contre la Faim International Network. Our objective is to disseminate information that is accurate and up-to-date on the day it was initiated. We will make every effort to correct any errors that are brought to our attention. However, ACF bears no responsibility for information contained in the present document. This information: • Is solely intended to provide general information and does not focus on the particular situation of any physical person, or person holding any specific moral opinion; • Is not necessarily complete, exhaustive, exact or up-to-date; • May refer to external documents or sites over which ACF has no control and for which ACF declines all responsibility; • Does not constitute legal advice. The present disclaimer is not aimed at limiting ACF’s responsibility contrary to requirements of applicable national legislation, or at denying responsibility in cases where this cannot be done in view of the same legislation. Acknowledgements This manual was written by Isabelle NOIRARD and Viktor KIAYA in November 2011. We should like to thank all those who have helped prepare this document for sharing information with us, for their contributions to this work, their observations and their advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Biodiversity, Soil Functions and Human Behavior
    To Governor Luca Zaia, Veneto Region (Italy). Forest Biodiversity, Soil Functions and Human Behavior - A case study: the October 29 2018 catastrophe in North-East Italian Alps Augusto Zanella, Jean-François Ponge, Anna Andreetta, Michael Aubert, Nicolas Bernier, Eleonora Bonifacio, Karine Bonneval, Cristian Bolzonella, Oleg Chertov, Edoardo A. C. Costantini, et al. To cite this version: Augusto Zanella, Jean-François Ponge, Anna Andreetta, Michael Aubert, Nicolas Bernier, et al.. To Governor Luca Zaia, Veneto Region (Italy). Forest Biodiversity, Soil Functions and Human Behavior - A case study: the October 29 2018 catastrophe in North-East Italian Alps. 2019. hal-02342793v2 HAL Id: hal-02342793 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02342793v2 Preprint submitted on 6 Nov 2019 (v2), last revised 16 Dec 2019 (v4) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Public Domain To Governor Luca Zaia, Veneto Region (Italy). Forest Biodiversity, Soil Functions and Human Behaviour - A case study: the October 29, 2018 catastrophe in North-East Italian Alps.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancing Agroecosystem Productivity with Woody Perennials in Semi-Arid West Africa
    Enhancing agroecosystem productivity with woody perennials in semi-arid West Africa. A meta-analysis Georges F. Félix, Johannes M. S. Scholberg, Cathy Clermont-Dauphin, Laurent Cournac, Pablo Tittonell To cite this version: Georges F. Félix, Johannes M. S. Scholberg, Cathy Clermont-Dauphin, Laurent Cournac, Pablo Tit- tonell. Enhancing agroecosystem productivity with woody perennials in semi-arid West Africa. A meta-analysis. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA, 2018, 38 (6), pp.57. 10.1007/s13593-018-0533-3. hal-02334966 HAL Id: hal-02334966 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02334966 Submitted on 28 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2018) 38: 57 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0533-3 META-ANALYSIS Enhancing agroecosystem productivity with woody perennials in semi-arid West Africa. A meta-analysis Georges F. Félix1 & Johannes M. S. Scholberg1 & Cathy Clermont-Dauphin2,3 & Laurent Cournac 2,3 & Pablo Tittonell 1,4 Accepted: 11 September 2018 /Published online: 23 October 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract Soil degradation in semi-arid West Africa can be reversed through an intensified application of organic matter, especially on coarse soils.
    [Show full text]
  • 625 Output 4. Research and Training Capacity of Stakeholders Enhanced
    Output 4. Research and training capacity of stakeholders enhanced 17th World Congress of Soil Science, Bangkok, Thailand - August 2002 Symposium: 31 Integration of local soil knowledge for improved soil management strategies Barrios Edmundo(1) , Delve Robert J. (2,3), Trejo Marco T.(4) And Thomas Richard J. (1,5) 1Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia. 2Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Kampala, Uganda 3Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme, PO Box 30592, Nairobi, Kenya 4 Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Tegucigalpa, Honduras 5 Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme, PO Box 30592, Nairobi, Kenya, Abstract The increasing attention paid to local soil knowledge in recent years is the result of a greater recognition that the knowledge of people who have been interacting with their soils for a long time can offer many insights into the sustainable management of tropical soils. A participatory approach in the form of a methodological guide has been developed and used in Latin America and the Caribbean (Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Dominican Republic) and Africa (Uganda, Tanzania) in order to identify and classify local indicators of soil quality related to permanent and modifiable soil properties. This methodological tool aims to empower local communities to better manage their soil resource through better decision making and local monitoring of their environment. It is also designed to steer soil management towards developing practical solutions to identified soil constrains, as well as, to monitor the impact of management strategies implemented to address such constraints. The methodological approach presented here constitutes one tool to capture local demands and perceptions of soil constraints as an essential guide to relevant research and development activities.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing a Third Generation Agroforestry
    TREES AT HEDGES PROVIDING SERVICES FOR AGRICULTURE agroforestery features Jack Delozzo - Noilhan (Gascony - Southwest France) From research to the field… developing a third generation agroforestry “third generation” refers to the integration of new variables into the agroforestry concept. • These are no longer single-purpose plantations, but mixed agricultural and forestry varieties of local origin, specifically chosen for each site • Nearby vegetative structures are integrated in order to create a matrix of green spaces, e.g. natural regeneration of field margins, hedge and riparian vegetation management, hedge planting, and restoration of pollarded trees • Seeds will be planted on the grass margins of tree lines and will naturally evolve towards the desired balance • Branches from pruning or from restoring pollarded trees are recycled as bioenergy or ground and used as Ramial Chipped Wood (RCW) for mulching • Trunk bases are covered in 100% biodegradable mulch (corn starch, RCW, straw) • Simplified farming practices, complementary to agroforestry Through these integrated systems, it is possible to create areas for environmental mitigation that are also highly productive. This innovative pathway should allow agriculture to meet the environmental and economic challenges set: producing in accordance to the Water Framework Directive, Nitrate Directive, national strategy for biodiversity, the climate plan, and increasing quantity and quality of production by favoring the presence of natural enemies and pollinating insects… Restoring pollarded tree 100% biodegradable mulch Assisted natural regeneration Seeding perennial grasses around tree bases Production and use of RCW Diversity of species, favoring biodiversity Meadow with 3 leguminous Agronomists (INRA research) has demonstrated that planting trees and hedges within a farm results in an increase of species: clover, alfalfa, sainfoin overall yield of vegetative and animal production.
    [Show full text]
  • Ramial Chipped Wood: the Clue
    Ramial Chipped Wood: the Clue... Lemieux, G. & Germain, D. Dec. 2000 LAVAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FORESTRY AND GEOMATICS Department of Wood and Forest Sciences Coordination Group on Ramial Wood «Ramial Chipped Wood: the Clue to a Sustainable Fertile Soil» by Professeur Gilles Lemieux Department of Wood and Forestry Science Laval University Québec G1K 7P4 Canada and Dr Diane Germain Hydrogéochem Environnement 1184 Cartier ave, suite 1 Québec G1R 2S7 Canada Publication n° 128 December 2000 http://forestgeomat.ffg.ulaval.ca/brf/ edited by Coordination Group on Ramial Wood Department of Wood and Forestry Science Québec G1K 7P4 QUÉBEC Canada 1 Groupe de Coordination sur les Bois Raméaux Université Laval, Québec, Canada Ramial Chipped Wood: the Clue... Lemieux, G. & Germain, D. Dec. 2000 Table of contents Project rationale and objectives ............................................................................................. 3 Degraded Agricultural Lands Threaten World's Food Production Capacity .......................... 4 Competition for water ............................................................................................................. 5 The soil: a fragile environment ............................................................................................... 5 The forest contribution to soils formation .............................................................................. 6 What is ramial chipped wood? ............................................................................................... 6 RCW studies
    [Show full text]
  • Butterflies and Moths of Colorado, United States
    Heliothis ononis Flax Bollworm Moth Coptotriche aenea Blackberry Leafminer Argyresthia canadensis Apyrrothrix araxes Dull Firetip Phocides pigmalion Mangrove Skipper Phocides belus Belus Skipper Phocides palemon Guava Skipper Phocides urania Urania skipper Proteides mercurius Mercurial Skipper Epargyreus zestos Zestos Skipper Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper Epargyreus spanna Hispaniolan Silverdrop Epargyreus exadeus Broken Silverdrop Polygonus leo Hammock Skipper Polygonus savigny Manuel's Skipper Chioides albofasciatus White-striped Longtail Chioides zilpa Zilpa Longtail Chioides ixion Hispaniolan Longtail Aguna asander Gold-spotted Aguna Aguna claxon Emerald Aguna Aguna metophis Tailed Aguna Typhedanus undulatus Mottled Longtail Typhedanus ampyx Gold-tufted Skipper Polythrix octomaculata Eight-spotted Longtail Polythrix mexicanus Mexican Longtail Polythrix asine Asine Longtail Polythrix caunus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) Zestusa dorus Short-tailed Skipper Codatractus carlos Carlos' Mottled-Skipper Codatractus alcaeus White-crescent Longtail Codatractus yucatanus Yucatan Mottled-Skipper Codatractus arizonensis Arizona Skipper Codatractus valeriana Valeriana Skipper Urbanus proteus Long-tailed Skipper Urbanus viterboana Bluish Longtail Urbanus belli Double-striped Longtail Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail Urbanus esmeraldus Esmeralda Longtail Urbanus evona Turquoise Longtail Urbanus dorantes Dorantes Longtail Urbanus teleus Teleus Longtail Urbanus tanna Tanna Longtail Urbanus simplicius Plain Longtail Urbanus procne Brown Longtail
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Quality Mediates the Response of Disease to Global Environmental Change by Leslie Elizabeth Decker a Dissertation Submitt
    Plant Quality Mediates the Response of Disease to Global Environmental Change By Leslie Elizabeth Decker A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) in The University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Professor Mark D. Hunter, Chair Associate Professor Meghan A. Duffy Associate Professor Inés Ibáñez Professor Knute J. Nadelhoffer ÓLeslie E. Decker 2018 [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1325-052X Dedication To my family: Christa, Bill and Kayleigh. Thank you for always picking up the phone. ii Acknowledgements Many people have guided, encouraged and inspired me throughout this process. I am endlessly grateful for this network of support. First, I must thank my advisor, Mark, for all of the excellent advice, unwavering confidence, and high expectations he continually provided to and set for me. My committee members, Meghan Duffy, Inés Ibáñez, and Knute Nadelhoffer, have also been fantastic sources of wisdom, inspiration, and encouragement. Thank you all so much for your time and knowledge. None of this research would have been possible without the work of many fantastic and talented undergraduate research technicians. Abby Potts, Abbey Soule, Riley Peterson, Yitong Yang, Jordan McMahon, Kendall Schissler, Jackie Kristofik, Kathleen Moriarty, Brennan Shilling, Skye Huerta, and Graham Bevier spent countless hours feeding caterpillars, picking roots, grinding plant tissue and staring at butterfly wings. I’d like to thank the members of the Hunter Lab, past and present, for their helpful discussions, constructive comments and general willingness to support each other. Specifically, I must thank Amanda Meier, Hillary Streit, Katherine Crocker, Kristel Sanchez, Anne Elise Stratton, Callie Chappell, Johanna Nifosi, Holly Andrews, and Leiling Tao.
    [Show full text]