P R O C E E D I N G S Edited by Alison Ormsby and Susan Leopold Copyright © 2017 by United Plant Savers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Table of Contents AGENDA .............................................................................................................................................. 1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................. 4 SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE .............................................................................................................. 5 SYMPOSIUM PAPERS ........................................................................................................................ 11 “The Sustainable Herbs Project: Sourcing and Sustainability in the Herbal Products Supply Chain” ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 Armbrecht, Ann. Sustainable Herbs Project Director, Montpelier, VT. [email protected] “Can Wild Ginseng Regenerate New Plants from Replanted Rhizome?” ............................................................. 13 Beyfuss, Robert Layton. Retired Agriculture Agent and American Ginseng Specialist for Cornell University Cooperative Extension, NY and Vice President American Ginseng Pharm LLC. [email protected] “Black Cohosh: Harvest Impacts, Population Response and Implications for Sustainable Management of this and Other Medicinal Forest Products” ............................................................................... 16 Chamberlain, James and Christine Small. USDA Forest Service, Blacksburg, VA. [email protected] “Demographic response of American ginseng to three natural canopy disturbances common in mixed mesophytic forests” ................................................................................................................................ 17 Chandler, Jennifer L. Appalachian State University, Boone, NC. [email protected] “Ginsenoside Profiles in American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in Western North Carolina” (poster) ............................................................................................................................................. 17 Clarke, H. David, Jonathan Horton, Jennifer Rhode Ward, Jessica Burroughs, and John Brock. University of North Carolina Asheville. [email protected] “Use of Natural Fungicides with Organic Ginseng Production” ........................................................................... 25 Eidus, Robert. North Carolina Ginseng & Goldenseal Co., Marshall, NC. [email protected] “Characteristics of Woodland Herbal Users in the United States – Summary from an Epidemiological Study” ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Feinberg, Termeh and Kim Innes. University of Maryland. [email protected] [email protected] “Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Forest-Grown American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and the Relationship Between Mycorrhizal Colonization and Root Ginsenoside Content” ............................................... 33 Filyaw, Tanner R. and Sarah C. Davis. Environmental Studies, Ohio University, OH. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] “NatureServe and Native Plant Conservation in North America” ........................................................................ 43 Frances, Anne, Amanda Treher, and Leah Oliver. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. [email protected] “Supply and Regulation of Wild American Ginseng” .......................................................................................... 47 Frey, Greg, James Chamberlain, and Jeff Prestemon. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forest Inventory & Analysis, Blacksburg, VA. [email protected] “Indications for the Importance of Growing Methods on Pharmacological profiles of Herbal Medicines” ....................................................................................................................................................... 48 Gonick, Meghan. University of Bridgeport Acupuncture Institute, CT. [email protected] “Sanguinaria canadensis L., Bloodroot, highlighting historical and potential uses” ............................................. 60 Gonick, Meghan. University of Bridgeport Acupuncture Institute, CT. [email protected] “Spreading the Ginseng Gospel: Case Study in Ginseng Production and Promotion from Watauga County Cooperative Extension” .......................................................................................................... 68 Hamilton, Jim. County Extension Director for North Carolina Cooperative Extension, Watauga County, Boone, NC. [email protected] “Connecting Appalachian Icons: The importance of conserving plant-animal mutualisms in a changing world.” ............................................................................................................................................... 73 Hruska, Amy M., Michael C. Elza, and James B. McGraw. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. [email protected] “Antidermatophytic Effect of Black Walnut hull, Juglans nigra” ......................................................................... 74 King, Rosanna, Andrea Lutac, Natalie Rubio, Jenna Yutzy, and Rebecca Rashid Achterman. Bastyr University, Kenmore, WA. [email protected] “RootReport: Measuring the Market for Forest Medicinals” .............................................................................. 74 Kruger, Steve, John Munsell, James Chamberlain, Jeanine Davis, Ryan Huish, and Steve Prisley. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA. [email protected] “Producing wild leek in forest farming under northern climates” ....................................................................... 74 Lapointe, L., Dion, P.-P., Denis, M.-P., Boulanger-Pelletier, J., Bussières, J. & Bernatchez, A. Department of Biology and Centre for Forest Research, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada. G1V 0A6. [email protected] “Conservation status of North American forest botanicals: What do we know? Why does it matter?” ........................................................................................................................................................... 83 Leaman, Danna. Research Associate, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada. Co-Chair, Medicinal Plant Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN); Trustee, FairWild Foundation. [email protected] "Taking the Broad View: How Are Wild Ginseng Populations Faring and When Does Conservation Policy Need to Change?" .............................................................................................................. 90 McGraw, Jim. Eberly Professor of Biology, West Virginia University. [email protected] “Population, Distribution, and Threats of American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) in Indiana and Illinois”..................................................................................................................................................... 103 Oliver, Leah, Amanda Treher, and Anne Frances. NatureServe, Arlington, VA. [email protected] “Partial root harvest of Panax quinquefolius L. (American ginseng): a non-destructive method for harvesting root tissues for ginsenoside analysis” ........................................................................................ 113 Sabo, Ian, Jonathan L. Horton*, H. David Clarke, and Jennifer Rhode Ward. Biology Department, University of North Carolina Asheville. *Corresponding author [email protected] “Assessing the Status of American Ginseng from Harvest and Monitoring Data” .............................................. 118 Schmidt, JP and Jenny Cruse-Sanders. University of Georgia, GA. [email protected] “Relationships between Genetic and Phytochemical Diversity of American Ginseng from Western North Carolina” ................................................................................................................................. 119 Ward, Jennifer R.1,*, H. David Clarke1, Jonathan Horton1, John Brock2, Jessica Burroughs1, and Nicholas Freeman1 1 Biology Department, University of North Carolina Asheville. 2 Chemistry Department, University of North Carolina Asheville. * [email protected] “American ginseng status assessment on four National Forests in the Mid-Atlantic U.S.” ................................. 122 Young, John, David Smith, and Tim King. USGS Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV. [email protected] “An Introduction to Flower Essences: Sustainable Supplements from Forest, Field, and Garden” .................... 123 Ziff, Katherine. Briarwood Studies, Athens, OH. [email protected] “Alkaloid content in forest grown goldenseal: preliminary results and current directions” ............................... 126 Zuiderveen, Grady H. and Eric P. Burkhart. Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA. [email protected] The Future of American Ginseng and Other Appalachian Forest Botanicals Symposium Conservation, Cultivation,